上海市普通高校体育与健康课程心理健康目标的达成与对策
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摘要
健康是人类生命延续的基础,“三维”健康观明确指出心理健康是现代健康概念的重要内涵。随着现代社会的发展和竞争性的增强,大学生因学习、就业压力增大,环境不适应,人际关系不协调等原因产生心理障碍甚至走向极端的事件时有发生,目前大学生的心理健康问题已引起国家和社会的高度关注。
大量的研究证明,体育锻炼对心理健康有一定的影响和促进作用,由于体育活动不仅能提高大学生的身体素质,而且对大学生的心理健康有直接的促进作用,所以,我国高校体育把增强大学生体质、提高大学生的身心健康水平作为主要的教学任务,把心理健康作为一个单独的目标写进教学大纲,也在教学实践中融入心理健康内容对大学生进行教学。以往对大学生心理健康问题的研究多是局限在基本理论和状况调查的范围,这些研究具有重要的理论指导意义。
伴随着高校体育教学改革的不断深入和高校更重视大学生心理健康教育,本文就上海市普通高校体育教育心理健康目标达成情况进行调查、研究和分析,进一步为深化上海市高校体育教学改革、提高学生心理健康提供可资借鉴的依据和参考。
本文运用了文献资料法,访谈法,问卷调查法,数理统计法及逻辑分析等研究方法,通过分层选取上海市18所高校18位学校领导,54名体育教师,612名学生进行问卷调查,通过对问卷调查取得的数据进行分析和总结得出:
1上海市普通高校体育与健康课程实施过程中,教师和学生对心理健康目标的认知度总体情况很好。
2学校和教师对在体育教学中提高大学生心理健康目标都很重视,体育教师能有意识的提高学生心理健康。在体育教学中体育教师采用了不同的教学方法来提高学生的心理健康,总体情况都比较好,特别是在开设对抗性的体育竞赛、设置困难情景、培养学生意志品质等方面得到大学生的普遍认可;但是在引导学生心理暗示、调节情绪和培养成功感这些方面做得不是很好,在分层教学和评价方式的状况不太理想。
3通过体育与健康课程的实施,上海市普通高校大学生心理健康目标达成情况良好。个性发展、意志品质、对心理健康的认识、情绪控制这四方面的能力都得到了一定程度的提高,但是还存在着一些不足之处。
4影响上海市普通高校体育与健康课程心理健康目标达成的重要因素主要有:从学校方面来看,学校不能经常开展体育活动、缺乏对教师提高学生心理健康教学效果的督导;从教师方面来看,教师对心理健康教学目标模糊、教学项目内容的选择不利于心理健康发展、教师教学方法的选择不利于心理健康发展、教师不能设置困难情景提高学生心理品质、体育教师对培养学生心理健康的重视不够、体育教师缺乏关心学生心理健康的意识;从学生自身层面来看:大学生对提高自身心理素质的重视不够、受外界影响大,心理状态不稳定。
为了进一步推进高校体育教育促进大学生心理健康这一教育目标的实现,本文经进一步的调查分析提出3点建议:
1组织专题培训,提高教师自身的心理学知识和心理健康素养。
2学校要积极开展各种体育竞赛活动,使大学生在不断参加体育竞赛中,形成良好的且坚定的意志品质,并且具有稳定的情绪和良好的心理素质。
3在体育教学中进一步把心理健康目标的具体教学要求进行明确,在针对提高大学生心理健康方面,要丰富教学项目和教学内容,完善教学方法,不断引导学生形成积极进取的生活态度。
Health is the basis for the continuation of human life, "three dimensional" view of health Mental health is clear that the important connotation of the modern concept of health. With the development of modern society and competitiveness enhancement, college students for learning, employment pressure, the environment not suited to, interpersonal relationships and other reasons lack of coordination and even psychological barriers to the extreme events have occurred, the current students have mental health problems Caused great concern in the state and society.
A large number of studies have shown that physical exercise have an impact on mental health and promote the role of sports can not only improve the physical quality of students, but also the mental health of college students have a direct role in promoting, so to enhance the College of Physical Fitness And College of the physical and mental health as the main task of teaching, the mental health be included as a separate curriculum objectives, but also the practice of mental health content into the teaching of students. Mental health problems of the past studies are mostly limited to the basic theory and the status of the scope of the investigation; these studies have important theoretical significance.
Physical Education along with the deepening of reform and universities pay more attention to mental health education, this article on the Shanghai Mental Health Physical Education to investigate the situation of achievement, research and analysis, to further deepen the reform of Physical Education in Shanghai to improve their mental health providers can learn the basis and reference.
In this paper, the literature, interviews, questionnaires, statistics and logic analysis and other methods, stratified by the 18 selected universities in Shanghai 18 school leaders, 54 physical education teachers, 612 students conducted a questionnaire survey Obtained through the survey analysis and summary of the data obtained:
1 Shanghai institute of Physical Education and health curriculum implementation process, teachers and students on mental health awareness overall goal of good.
2 Schools and teachers in physical education to improve student mental health targets are concerned about, physical education teachers to have students in mental health awareness. Physical Education Teachers in the use of different teaching methods to improve their mental health, are better overall, especially in the creation of confrontational sports competitions, set the difficult situation, so the quality of students will be generally recognized by students , but to guide students to psychological suggestion, regulating emotions and develop a sense these are not done well, teaching and evaluation methods in a hierarchical situation is not ideal.
3 Through the implementation of physical education and health programs, mental health of college students in Shanghai to reach goals in good condition. Personality development, will, on mental health awareness, emotional control, the ability of these four areas have been improved to some extent, but there are still some shortcomings.
4 Shanghai Physical Education and Health Curriculum important achievement of the goals of mental health factors are: the school perspective, schools can not always carry out sports activities, lack of teachers to improve their teaching effectiveness of mental health supervision; from the perspective of teachers teaching objective fuzzy on mental health, teaching project content selection is not conducive to the development of mental health, the choice of teaching method is not conducive to the development of mental health, teachers can not set the difficult scenarios to improve the quality of students in psychology, physical education teachers on students the importance of mental health Not enough physical education teachers lack the awareness of mental health care students; from the student's own perspective: Students improve their psychological qualities of inadequate attention by the external impact, psychological instability.
In order to further promote Physical Education for Mental Health of the education goals, the further investigation of this 3-point proposal put forward:
1 Organize special training to improve the teacher's own knowledge of psychology and mental health literacy.
2 Schools should actively carry out various sports competitions, so students continue to participate in sports competitions, form a good and strong will, and has the emotional stability and good mental qualities.
3 In physical education and further education of mental health requirements of the specific goals clear, for the increase in mental health, to enrich the content of teaching programs and teaching, improve teaching methods, and constantly guide the students to form a proactive attitude towards life.
大量的研究证明,体育锻炼对心理健康有一定的影响和促进作用,由于体育活动不仅能提高大学生的身体素质,而且对大学生的心理健康有直接的促进作用,所以,我国高校体育把增强大学生体质、提高大学生的身心健康水平作为主要的教学任务,把心理健康作为一个单独的目标写进教学大纲,也在教学实践中融入心理健康内容对大学生进行教学。以往对大学生心理健康问题的研究多是局限在基本理论和状况调查的范围,这些研究具有重要的理论指导意义。
伴随着高校体育教学改革的不断深入和高校更重视大学生心理健康教育,本文就上海市普通高校体育教育心理健康目标达成情况进行调查、研究和分析,进一步为深化上海市高校体育教学改革、提高学生心理健康提供可资借鉴的依据和参考。
本文运用了文献资料法,访谈法,问卷调查法,数理统计法及逻辑分析等研究方法,通过分层选取上海市18所高校18位学校领导,54名体育教师,612名学生进行问卷调查,通过对问卷调查取得的数据进行分析和总结得出:
1上海市普通高校体育与健康课程实施过程中,教师和学生对心理健康目标的认知度总体情况很好。
2学校和教师对在体育教学中提高大学生心理健康目标都很重视,体育教师能有意识的提高学生心理健康。在体育教学中体育教师采用了不同的教学方法来提高学生的心理健康,总体情况都比较好,特别是在开设对抗性的体育竞赛、设置困难情景、培养学生意志品质等方面得到大学生的普遍认可;但是在引导学生心理暗示、调节情绪和培养成功感这些方面做得不是很好,在分层教学和评价方式的状况不太理想。
3通过体育与健康课程的实施,上海市普通高校大学生心理健康目标达成情况良好。个性发展、意志品质、对心理健康的认识、情绪控制这四方面的能力都得到了一定程度的提高,但是还存在着一些不足之处。
4影响上海市普通高校体育与健康课程心理健康目标达成的重要因素主要有:从学校方面来看,学校不能经常开展体育活动、缺乏对教师提高学生心理健康教学效果的督导;从教师方面来看,教师对心理健康教学目标模糊、教学项目内容的选择不利于心理健康发展、教师教学方法的选择不利于心理健康发展、教师不能设置困难情景提高学生心理品质、体育教师对培养学生心理健康的重视不够、体育教师缺乏关心学生心理健康的意识;从学生自身层面来看:大学生对提高自身心理素质的重视不够、受外界影响大,心理状态不稳定。
为了进一步推进高校体育教育促进大学生心理健康这一教育目标的实现,本文经进一步的调查分析提出3点建议:
1组织专题培训,提高教师自身的心理学知识和心理健康素养。
2学校要积极开展各种体育竞赛活动,使大学生在不断参加体育竞赛中,形成良好的且坚定的意志品质,并且具有稳定的情绪和良好的心理素质。
3在体育教学中进一步把心理健康目标的具体教学要求进行明确,在针对提高大学生心理健康方面,要丰富教学项目和教学内容,完善教学方法,不断引导学生形成积极进取的生活态度。
Health is the basis for the continuation of human life, "three dimensional" view of health Mental health is clear that the important connotation of the modern concept of health. With the development of modern society and competitiveness enhancement, college students for learning, employment pressure, the environment not suited to, interpersonal relationships and other reasons lack of coordination and even psychological barriers to the extreme events have occurred, the current students have mental health problems Caused great concern in the state and society.
A large number of studies have shown that physical exercise have an impact on mental health and promote the role of sports can not only improve the physical quality of students, but also the mental health of college students have a direct role in promoting, so to enhance the College of Physical Fitness And College of the physical and mental health as the main task of teaching, the mental health be included as a separate curriculum objectives, but also the practice of mental health content into the teaching of students. Mental health problems of the past studies are mostly limited to the basic theory and the status of the scope of the investigation; these studies have important theoretical significance.
Physical Education along with the deepening of reform and universities pay more attention to mental health education, this article on the Shanghai Mental Health Physical Education to investigate the situation of achievement, research and analysis, to further deepen the reform of Physical Education in Shanghai to improve their mental health providers can learn the basis and reference.
In this paper, the literature, interviews, questionnaires, statistics and logic analysis and other methods, stratified by the 18 selected universities in Shanghai 18 school leaders, 54 physical education teachers, 612 students conducted a questionnaire survey Obtained through the survey analysis and summary of the data obtained:
1 Shanghai institute of Physical Education and health curriculum implementation process, teachers and students on mental health awareness overall goal of good.
2 Schools and teachers in physical education to improve student mental health targets are concerned about, physical education teachers to have students in mental health awareness. Physical Education Teachers in the use of different teaching methods to improve their mental health, are better overall, especially in the creation of confrontational sports competitions, set the difficult situation, so the quality of students will be generally recognized by students , but to guide students to psychological suggestion, regulating emotions and develop a sense these are not done well, teaching and evaluation methods in a hierarchical situation is not ideal.
3 Through the implementation of physical education and health programs, mental health of college students in Shanghai to reach goals in good condition. Personality development, will, on mental health awareness, emotional control, the ability of these four areas have been improved to some extent, but there are still some shortcomings.
4 Shanghai Physical Education and Health Curriculum important achievement of the goals of mental health factors are: the school perspective, schools can not always carry out sports activities, lack of teachers to improve their teaching effectiveness of mental health supervision; from the perspective of teachers teaching objective fuzzy on mental health, teaching project content selection is not conducive to the development of mental health, the choice of teaching method is not conducive to the development of mental health, teachers can not set the difficult scenarios to improve the quality of students in psychology, physical education teachers on students the importance of mental health Not enough physical education teachers lack the awareness of mental health care students; from the student's own perspective: Students improve their psychological qualities of inadequate attention by the external impact, psychological instability.
In order to further promote Physical Education for Mental Health of the education goals, the further investigation of this 3-point proposal put forward:
1 Organize special training to improve the teacher's own knowledge of psychology and mental health literacy.
2 Schools should actively carry out various sports competitions, so students continue to participate in sports competitions, form a good and strong will, and has the emotional stability and good mental qualities.
3 In physical education and further education of mental health requirements of the specific goals clear, for the increase in mental health, to enrich the content of teaching programs and teaching, improve teaching methods, and constantly guide the students to form a proactive attitude towards life.
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