基于GPS的弹射试验测试装置的研究
摘要
全球定位系统(Global Positioning System - GPS)已经广泛应用于各种工程测量中,但将其应用于弹射救生试验的测试在我国还属于空白。随着GPS的现代化,GPSⅢ将替代现在的GPSⅡ,其测量精度和适用范围将大大提高,因此抓住机遇研制出适合我国弹射救生试验的GPS测试系统,对于丰富测试手段和提高测试水平有着重要意义。
本论文首先阐述了光电测量技术和遥测技术在弹射试验中的应用方法,然后介绍GPS信号结构、GPS接收机的基本原理及GPS载波相位测量差分原理。通过分析、比较光电测量技术、遥测技术在弹射试验中测量的优缺点,提出了基于GPS的弹射试验测试系统方案。系统主要由地面测试基准站、地面数据处理计算机和机载测试装置三部分组成。试验后将基准站、测试装置存储的数据下载到地面数据处理计算机,运用载波相位差分技术进行处理,并给出试验结果。
本论文重点详细论述了机载测试装置的软、硬件的设计及实现方法。硬件主要采用了NOVATEL公司生产的SUPERSTARⅡ接收机、Cygnal公司生产的C8051F320单片机以及ST公司生产的M25P16 Flash存储器等器件,并对主要硬件的功能、性能以及设计方法进行了详细论述。根据测试装置的功能、性能及要求,详细介绍了C8051F320单片机软件的设计,并对上位机软件进行了简单的介绍。C8051F320单片机软件采用C 51编写,上位机采用Visual C++编写。
通过多次的静态、动态试验,以及对试验数据的处理分析,定位精度<1m,速度误差<0.1m/s。基于GPS的弹射试验测试系统基本上达到了弹射试验的测试要求,能够作为弹射救生试验测试的一种手段。它的实现将为我国研究弹射座椅救生性能的测试试验提供一种新的测试方法。
GPS (Global Positioning System) has been used in many fields of engineering measurement widely, but the application base on GPS in the measurement for ejection escape testing in our country is a blank. Along with the modernization of GPS, GPSⅢwill replace the current GPSⅡ, and its measurement precision and practicability will be improved enormously. Seizing the great opportunity to develop a testing system based on GPS, which can be applied to ejection escape testing in our country, is so important that it will enhance test means and test accuracy.
In this dissertation, the application of photoelectricity measuring technology and telemetry technology in the ejection testing are expounded, the signal structure of GPS, the theory of GPS receiver and the technology of GPS-RTK( real time kinematic) are introduced. By analyzing and comparing the photoelectricity measuring technology and telemetry technology used in the ejection testing, a project of testing device for ejection experiment based on GPS is put forward. The system is composed of a base station, a data processing computer and a testing device in the space. The raw experimental data is stored in the base station and downloaded to the computer. GPS- RTK is used to manage the data, and the experimental result is given in the dissertation.
In this dissertation, the design and realization of the testing device on the space is emphasized, including the software and the hardware. The hardware includes NOVATEL superstarⅡreceiver, Cygnal Corporation C8051f320 singlechip and ST Corporation M25P16 flash storage, The functions、capability and use method of main hardware are discussed. The C8051f320 singlechip’software is designed and introduced according to the function、capability and request of the testing system, and the software of upper computer is introduced simply. The langue of the program used in C8051f320 singlechip is C51 langue, while upper computer uses Visual C++.
Through repetitious test in steady state and dynamic state and analyzing the experimental data, the results show that the position precision is within 1 m, velocity precision is less than 0.1 m/s. The testing system based on GPS is basically up to the ejection escape testing requirement so that it would be a measure means for ejection escape testing. Its realization would offer a new means to test the performance of our country’s ejection escape seat in the future.
本论文首先阐述了光电测量技术和遥测技术在弹射试验中的应用方法,然后介绍GPS信号结构、GPS接收机的基本原理及GPS载波相位测量差分原理。通过分析、比较光电测量技术、遥测技术在弹射试验中测量的优缺点,提出了基于GPS的弹射试验测试系统方案。系统主要由地面测试基准站、地面数据处理计算机和机载测试装置三部分组成。试验后将基准站、测试装置存储的数据下载到地面数据处理计算机,运用载波相位差分技术进行处理,并给出试验结果。
本论文重点详细论述了机载测试装置的软、硬件的设计及实现方法。硬件主要采用了NOVATEL公司生产的SUPERSTARⅡ接收机、Cygnal公司生产的C8051F320单片机以及ST公司生产的M25P16 Flash存储器等器件,并对主要硬件的功能、性能以及设计方法进行了详细论述。根据测试装置的功能、性能及要求,详细介绍了C8051F320单片机软件的设计,并对上位机软件进行了简单的介绍。C8051F320单片机软件采用C 51编写,上位机采用Visual C++编写。
通过多次的静态、动态试验,以及对试验数据的处理分析,定位精度<1m,速度误差<0.1m/s。基于GPS的弹射试验测试系统基本上达到了弹射试验的测试要求,能够作为弹射救生试验测试的一种手段。它的实现将为我国研究弹射座椅救生性能的测试试验提供一种新的测试方法。
GPS (Global Positioning System) has been used in many fields of engineering measurement widely, but the application base on GPS in the measurement for ejection escape testing in our country is a blank. Along with the modernization of GPS, GPSⅢwill replace the current GPSⅡ, and its measurement precision and practicability will be improved enormously. Seizing the great opportunity to develop a testing system based on GPS, which can be applied to ejection escape testing in our country, is so important that it will enhance test means and test accuracy.
In this dissertation, the application of photoelectricity measuring technology and telemetry technology in the ejection testing are expounded, the signal structure of GPS, the theory of GPS receiver and the technology of GPS-RTK( real time kinematic) are introduced. By analyzing and comparing the photoelectricity measuring technology and telemetry technology used in the ejection testing, a project of testing device for ejection experiment based on GPS is put forward. The system is composed of a base station, a data processing computer and a testing device in the space. The raw experimental data is stored in the base station and downloaded to the computer. GPS- RTK is used to manage the data, and the experimental result is given in the dissertation.
In this dissertation, the design and realization of the testing device on the space is emphasized, including the software and the hardware. The hardware includes NOVATEL superstarⅡreceiver, Cygnal Corporation C8051f320 singlechip and ST Corporation M25P16 flash storage, The functions、capability and use method of main hardware are discussed. The C8051f320 singlechip’software is designed and introduced according to the function、capability and request of the testing system, and the software of upper computer is introduced simply. The langue of the program used in C8051f320 singlechip is C51 langue, while upper computer uses Visual C++.
Through repetitious test in steady state and dynamic state and analyzing the experimental data, the results show that the position precision is within 1 m, velocity precision is less than 0.1 m/s. The testing system based on GPS is basically up to the ejection escape testing requirement so that it would be a measure means for ejection escape testing. Its realization would offer a new means to test the performance of our country’s ejection escape seat in the future.
引文
[1] ParKinson, B. A History of Satellite Navigation. Navigation: Journal of Navigation. Vol.42,No.1,Spring 1995:109 ~164
[2] 魏二虎, 史冠军, 胡雪霁. GPS 现代化及其影响. 测 绘 通 报, 2005, 7: 24 ~27
[3] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编. 光电测量. 北京: 国防工业出版社,2002,10:35 ~38
[4] 苏联 M.B.马克西莫夫. 无线电遥测. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 1965,3: 9 ~10
[5] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编. 无线电遥测遥控 上册. 北京: 国防工业出版社,2001,01: 1 ~5
[6] 赵松年. 信号分析与遥测技术. 北京: 地震出版社,1983,9 月: 18 ~ 25
[7] 王惠南. GPS 导航原理与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003,08: 4 ~ 8
[8] 卡普兰 Kaplan. GPS 原理与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002,08:37 ~ 38
[9] 李天文. GPS 原理及应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003,09: 5 ~ 9
[10] Larraks, J.and C.Shank. Inside GPS: The Master Control Station. GPS Word Magazine, Advanstar Communication. Sept,1994,46 ~56
[11] J.F.Raquel. Multiple GPS Receiver Multipath Mitigation Technique. IEEE, Proc.Radar Sonar Navig. Vol. 149, No.4, August 2002
[12] WANG Huinan, HE Feng. Real-time kinematic attitude of aircraft using GPS carrier phase.China.J.Space SIC,1998,18(1):69-74
[13] 周中汉, 易杰军. GPS 卫星测量原理与应用. 北京: 测绘出版社. 1992,12: 210 ~219
[14] S.C.Wu and WGMelbourne. An Optimal GPS Data Processing Technique for Precise Positioning. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE ANDREMOTE SENSING, VOL. 31, NO. 1, JANUARY 1993
[15] 张守信. GPS 卫星测定定位理论与应用. 长沙: 国防科技大学出版社, 1996,7:26 ~ 29
[16] Cannon M E,Lachapelle G. Analysis of a high-performance C/A-code GPS receiver in kinematic mode.Navigation,1992,39(3):285 ~300
[17] J.K.RAY, M.E.CANNON, RFENTON. GPS Code and Carrier Multipath Mitigation Using a Multiantenna System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONAEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 37, NOA, JANUARY2001
[18] 胡伍生, 高成发. GPS 测量原理及其应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002,10: 47~ 49
[19] 钱天爵,瞿学林. GPS 全球定位系统及其应用. 北京: 海潮出版社,1994,12: 89 ~ 90
[20] Gu X. Lipp A. DGPS Positioning using carrier phase for precision navigation. Plans. New York : IEEE,1994.410 ~417
[21] Blomenhofer H. Development of a real-time DGPS system in the centimeter range. Plans, New York : IEEE,1994.532 ~539
[22] 许其凤. GPS 卫星导航与精密定位. 北京: 解放军出版社,1989,6: 106 ~ 108
[23] 王解先. GPS 精密定轨定位. 上海:同济大学出版社, 1997,5: 84 ~ 85
[24] 王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛. 差分 GPS 定位技术与应用. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 1996,3: 127 ~ 131
[25] 高成发. GPS 测量. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000,03: 73 ~ 76
[26] Kee, C.B.W.Parkin and P.Axelrad. Wide Area Differential GPS. Navigation: Journal. The institute of navigation. Vol.38,No.38,Summer,1999.123 ~145
[27] 龚真春, 宋执环, 李平等.一种低成本的差分 GPS 定位系统的设计与试验. 计算机测量与控制, 2005.13(1): 86 ~ 88
[28] 黄丽卿. GPS 输出数据的采集与处理. 集美大学学报 (自然科学版), 第 7 卷 第 4期 , 2002.12: 315 ~316
[29] 黄丽卿. GPS-OEM 板的开发与应用研究. 福建电脑, 2001(1): 23 ~ 24
[30] NovAtel Inc. NOVATEL SUPERSTAR II Firmware Reference Manual Rev3. Canada : 2004,11
[31] SUPERSTAR APPLICATION NOTE. from the allstar to the superstar oem board.doe date:27July.1998
[32] NovAtel Inc. SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev4. Canada: 2004,11
[33] 李洪涛,许昌国. GPS 应用程序设计. 北京: 科学出版社,1999,8
[34] 马忠梅, 张凯,马岩等. 单片机的 C 语言应用程序设计. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003,5
[35] 沈阳新华龙电子有限公司. C8051Fxxx 高速 SOC 单片机原理及应用. 新华龙电子有限公司, 2001: 2 ~ 3
[36] Microsoft Corporation 著,前导工作室译.Visual C++ 语言参考. 北京: 清华大学出版社,1999,2.
[37] 马飞,诸昌铃. 利用 VC++实现 GPS 数据采集. 计算机时代, 2005,6: 13 ~14
[38] 李拥军. GPS 定位系统中数据读取和坐标的转换. 计算机与通信, 2005,4 (97): 42 ~ 44
[39] 陈永海, 吴 斌, 焦风川. VC++6.0 条件下实现 PC机与GPS串口通讯的新尝试. 机电工程技术, 2005 ,34( 4): 96 ~ 97
[40] NovAtel Inc. StarView User Manual Rev 3(for NovAtel SUPERSTAR II-Based Products). Canada : 2004, 12.
[41] 王晓华,郭 敏. GPS 卫星定位误差分析. 全球定位系统, 2005.1: 43 ~ 47
[42] 郑立平,白彦锟 . GPS 测量的误差分析. 高新技术, 2005,22:19 ~20
[43] 周 立. GPS 广播星历误差影响诊断与预测模型研究. 测绘科学, 2005,8: 37 ~38
[44] 马明. 用 GPS 系统测量飞行器的空间姿态. 航空兵器, 2000(1):37 ~ 40
[45] ZhaoJiankang, WangYinhua. A cycle ambiguity search method of GPS carrier phasebased attitude determination for naval vessel. J. Astron. China , 2001, 22(1): 43 ~ 47
[2] 魏二虎, 史冠军, 胡雪霁. GPS 现代化及其影响. 测 绘 通 报, 2005, 7: 24 ~27
[3] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编. 光电测量. 北京: 国防工业出版社,2002,10:35 ~38
[4] 苏联 M.B.马克西莫夫. 无线电遥测. 北京: 人民邮电出版社, 1965,3: 9 ~10
[5] 中国人民解放军总装备部军事训练教材编辑工作委员会编. 无线电遥测遥控 上册. 北京: 国防工业出版社,2001,01: 1 ~5
[6] 赵松年. 信号分析与遥测技术. 北京: 地震出版社,1983,9 月: 18 ~ 25
[7] 王惠南. GPS 导航原理与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003,08: 4 ~ 8
[8] 卡普兰 Kaplan. GPS 原理与应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002,08:37 ~ 38
[9] 李天文. GPS 原理及应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2003,09: 5 ~ 9
[10] Larraks, J.and C.Shank. Inside GPS: The Master Control Station. GPS Word Magazine, Advanstar Communication. Sept,1994,46 ~56
[11] J.F.Raquel. Multiple GPS Receiver Multipath Mitigation Technique. IEEE, Proc.Radar Sonar Navig. Vol. 149, No.4, August 2002
[12] WANG Huinan, HE Feng. Real-time kinematic attitude of aircraft using GPS carrier phase.China.J.Space SIC,1998,18(1):69-74
[13] 周中汉, 易杰军. GPS 卫星测量原理与应用. 北京: 测绘出版社. 1992,12: 210 ~219
[14] S.C.Wu and WGMelbourne. An Optimal GPS Data Processing Technique for Precise Positioning. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE ANDREMOTE SENSING, VOL. 31, NO. 1, JANUARY 1993
[15] 张守信. GPS 卫星测定定位理论与应用. 长沙: 国防科技大学出版社, 1996,7:26 ~ 29
[16] Cannon M E,Lachapelle G. Analysis of a high-performance C/A-code GPS receiver in kinematic mode.Navigation,1992,39(3):285 ~300
[17] J.K.RAY, M.E.CANNON, RFENTON. GPS Code and Carrier Multipath Mitigation Using a Multiantenna System. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ONAEROSPACE AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS VOL. 37, NOA, JANUARY2001
[18] 胡伍生, 高成发. GPS 测量原理及其应用. 北京: 科学出版社, 2002,10: 47~ 49
[19] 钱天爵,瞿学林. GPS 全球定位系统及其应用. 北京: 海潮出版社,1994,12: 89 ~ 90
[20] Gu X. Lipp A. DGPS Positioning using carrier phase for precision navigation. Plans. New York : IEEE,1994.410 ~417
[21] Blomenhofer H. Development of a real-time DGPS system in the centimeter range. Plans, New York : IEEE,1994.532 ~539
[22] 许其凤. GPS 卫星导航与精密定位. 北京: 解放军出版社,1989,6: 106 ~ 108
[23] 王解先. GPS 精密定轨定位. 上海:同济大学出版社, 1997,5: 84 ~ 85
[24] 王广运,郭秉义,李洪涛. 差分 GPS 定位技术与应用. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 1996,3: 127 ~ 131
[25] 高成发. GPS 测量. 北京: 科学出版社, 2000,03: 73 ~ 76
[26] Kee, C.B.W.Parkin and P.Axelrad. Wide Area Differential GPS. Navigation: Journal. The institute of navigation. Vol.38,No.38,Summer,1999.123 ~145
[27] 龚真春, 宋执环, 李平等.一种低成本的差分 GPS 定位系统的设计与试验. 计算机测量与控制, 2005.13(1): 86 ~ 88
[28] 黄丽卿. GPS 输出数据的采集与处理. 集美大学学报 (自然科学版), 第 7 卷 第 4期 , 2002.12: 315 ~316
[29] 黄丽卿. GPS-OEM 板的开发与应用研究. 福建电脑, 2001(1): 23 ~ 24
[30] NovAtel Inc. NOVATEL SUPERSTAR II Firmware Reference Manual Rev3. Canada : 2004,11
[31] SUPERSTAR APPLICATION NOTE. from the allstar to the superstar oem board.doe date:27July.1998
[32] NovAtel Inc. SUPERSTAR II User Manual Rev4. Canada: 2004,11
[33] 李洪涛,许昌国. GPS 应用程序设计. 北京: 科学出版社,1999,8
[34] 马忠梅, 张凯,马岩等. 单片机的 C 语言应用程序设计. 北京: 北京航空航天大学出版社, 2003,5
[35] 沈阳新华龙电子有限公司. C8051Fxxx 高速 SOC 单片机原理及应用. 新华龙电子有限公司, 2001: 2 ~ 3
[36] Microsoft Corporation 著,前导工作室译.Visual C++ 语言参考. 北京: 清华大学出版社,1999,2.
[37] 马飞,诸昌铃. 利用 VC++实现 GPS 数据采集. 计算机时代, 2005,6: 13 ~14
[38] 李拥军. GPS 定位系统中数据读取和坐标的转换. 计算机与通信, 2005,4 (97): 42 ~ 44
[39] 陈永海, 吴 斌, 焦风川. VC++6.0 条件下实现 PC机与GPS串口通讯的新尝试. 机电工程技术, 2005 ,34( 4): 96 ~ 97
[40] NovAtel Inc. StarView User Manual Rev 3(for NovAtel SUPERSTAR II-Based Products). Canada : 2004, 12.
[41] 王晓华,郭 敏. GPS 卫星定位误差分析. 全球定位系统, 2005.1: 43 ~ 47
[42] 郑立平,白彦锟 . GPS 测量的误差分析. 高新技术, 2005,22:19 ~20
[43] 周 立. GPS 广播星历误差影响诊断与预测模型研究. 测绘科学, 2005,8: 37 ~38
[44] 马明. 用 GPS 系统测量飞行器的空间姿态. 航空兵器, 2000(1):37 ~ 40
[45] ZhaoJiankang, WangYinhua. A cycle ambiguity search method of GPS carrier phasebased attitude determination for naval vessel. J. Astron. China , 2001, 22(1): 43 ~ 47