汽车碰撞散落物多尺度运动行为研究
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摘要
交通事故现场碰撞散落物因含有碰撞瞬间众多重要的事故信息,成为交通事故再现的重要依据和关键证据。论文按材料性能及几何参数对散落物进行广义分类,提出将散落体材料性能、几何参数及散落初始条件与碰撞散落体运动行为的相关性作为切入点来研究散落体的运动行为理论模型。
论文采用Ansys/Ls-Dyna动态显示方法,深入分析材料性能、几何参数及散落初始条件等因素对散落体运动特性的影响规律;应用邓氏灰色关联分析法,计算各影响因素与散落距离的关联度及关联序,确定各因素对散落距离的影响度。
在动态仿真基础上,揭示材料性能、几何参数及散落初始条件等因素对散落体反弹特性参数的影响规律,给出反弹特性参数随散落初始条件变化的非线性趋势曲线,对碰撞散落体存在的反弹突变异常现象进行阐述分析。
根据散落体两阶段运动学模型,利用碰撞接触动力学理论,对不同材料性能和几何参数的散落体碰撞后的运动状态进行判别,建立汽车碰撞散落体非线性运动行为理论模型。
研制散落物弹射试验装置,对事故现场不同材料性能、几何参数的散落体的运动特性,及各因素对散落距离的影响度及规律进行分析和验证。
Accident Reconstruction is an important means to judge responsibility or grasp the character of accident, which displayes the occurring process of accident in the form of dynamic simulation or description by on-looking person. The veracity of traffic reconstruction main depends on the evidence’s investigation at the scene of traffic accident, including all kinds of trace and evidence. Debris, as one of the most important evidence at the scene of traffic accident, contains much important information of accident. Then, debris is the key evidence for accident reconstruction.
Early, the study on accident reconstruction using debris mostly focus on the analysis of kinetics in collision and the test of distributing fields based on statistics, etc. Being not considering the effect of different material nature, geometrical scale, and thrown condition of debris on the dynamic behavior, the early model’s application is limited in real accident case. In this paper, the influence on the rule of dynamic and rebound character of material nature, geometry parameters, thrown condition (altitude, speed and angle), of small-scale debris is analyzed deeply by combining crash simulated experiment and computer simulation with the friction of air and ground, which make up the shortcoming of practical collision. Based on the analysis of dynamic character, the dynamic behavior model is established using collision theory. To some extent, the model established in this paper is benefit for perfecting the dynamic model further. The practical value of using debris to perform accident reconstruction is improved. The main performance is studied as followed:
(1) The status quo using debris to perform accident reconstruction at home and abroad is studied in detail. According to the actual needs of reconstruction, take the relativity between material nature, thrown condition and dynamic behavior of debris as the researching cut-in point to study the dynamic behavior theoretical model. Based on the debris meaning of evidence investigation and validation, and the needs of researching, debris is classified generally according to the material nature and geometrical scale respectively. Then, the technical project is proposed. Take the plastic and elastic-plastic small-scale debris as studying object, which can offer foundation for further studying on dynamic behavior rule of middle-scale or large-scale debris.
(2) Based on Ansys/Ls-Dyna, the single kinetic simulation model of small-scale debris is set up to study the effect of material nature, geometry parameters, thrown condition, on dynamic behavior and rule with air drag and ground friction. According to the data obtained from simulation, the relation curves are given between thrown distance and the parameters like thrown condition, material nature, and the shape of debris respectively. The connect degrees between thrown distance and the factors of thrown condition just like height, angle, velocity are analyzed deeply by Deng’s grey connection analysis. The effect degree of factors on thrown distance is determined by connection order calculated by the method of grey connection analysis.
(3) The dynamic rule of different material nature’s rebound parameters varies with thrown condition obtained from the kinetic simulation analysis by Ansys/Ls-Dyna. The rebound parameters indexes are vertical rebound coefficient, horizontal rebound coefficient, angle lost coefficient. The effect of rebound character on dynamic behavior after collision is discovered. Based on the meaning of rebound parameters, the nonlinear trend curve of different material nature varying with rebound parameters is given by combing qualitative analysis with quantitative calculation. The abnormal phenomena of debris’s motion just like breaking rebound, is expounded.
(4) According to the two-phase kinetic model of debris, the dynamic states of different material nature (elastic, elastic-plastic, plastic), different shape (sphere, rectangle, abnormity) after impact are analyzed by referencing the theory of tangent dynamics. Then, the distinguish condition of glide and bounce is established when the debris collision with ground. When distinguish condition is satisfied, the nonlinear multi-factors model is established, applying different material nature, shape, crash velocity, and thrown distance, for accident reconstruction. The practical root can be solved by Matlab.
(5) In accordance with the motion mechanism of debris in vehicle collision, the ejecting device is developed for satisfying the need of investigation. The effect degree and the dynamic rule of different material nature, geometry parameters of debris are analyzed and validated by the ejecting test device. The validity of behavior model is verified by comparing the results of simulation with test.
The results of this paper enrich the application value of using debris, and offer a new method to calculate and analyze crash velocity for accident reconstruction in real case, which is significant on theory guidance for the department of police and judiciary.
论文采用Ansys/Ls-Dyna动态显示方法,深入分析材料性能、几何参数及散落初始条件等因素对散落体运动特性的影响规律;应用邓氏灰色关联分析法,计算各影响因素与散落距离的关联度及关联序,确定各因素对散落距离的影响度。
在动态仿真基础上,揭示材料性能、几何参数及散落初始条件等因素对散落体反弹特性参数的影响规律,给出反弹特性参数随散落初始条件变化的非线性趋势曲线,对碰撞散落体存在的反弹突变异常现象进行阐述分析。
根据散落体两阶段运动学模型,利用碰撞接触动力学理论,对不同材料性能和几何参数的散落体碰撞后的运动状态进行判别,建立汽车碰撞散落体非线性运动行为理论模型。
研制散落物弹射试验装置,对事故现场不同材料性能、几何参数的散落体的运动特性,及各因素对散落距离的影响度及规律进行分析和验证。
Accident Reconstruction is an important means to judge responsibility or grasp the character of accident, which displayes the occurring process of accident in the form of dynamic simulation or description by on-looking person. The veracity of traffic reconstruction main depends on the evidence’s investigation at the scene of traffic accident, including all kinds of trace and evidence. Debris, as one of the most important evidence at the scene of traffic accident, contains much important information of accident. Then, debris is the key evidence for accident reconstruction.
Early, the study on accident reconstruction using debris mostly focus on the analysis of kinetics in collision and the test of distributing fields based on statistics, etc. Being not considering the effect of different material nature, geometrical scale, and thrown condition of debris on the dynamic behavior, the early model’s application is limited in real accident case. In this paper, the influence on the rule of dynamic and rebound character of material nature, geometry parameters, thrown condition (altitude, speed and angle), of small-scale debris is analyzed deeply by combining crash simulated experiment and computer simulation with the friction of air and ground, which make up the shortcoming of practical collision. Based on the analysis of dynamic character, the dynamic behavior model is established using collision theory. To some extent, the model established in this paper is benefit for perfecting the dynamic model further. The practical value of using debris to perform accident reconstruction is improved. The main performance is studied as followed:
(1) The status quo using debris to perform accident reconstruction at home and abroad is studied in detail. According to the actual needs of reconstruction, take the relativity between material nature, thrown condition and dynamic behavior of debris as the researching cut-in point to study the dynamic behavior theoretical model. Based on the debris meaning of evidence investigation and validation, and the needs of researching, debris is classified generally according to the material nature and geometrical scale respectively. Then, the technical project is proposed. Take the plastic and elastic-plastic small-scale debris as studying object, which can offer foundation for further studying on dynamic behavior rule of middle-scale or large-scale debris.
(2) Based on Ansys/Ls-Dyna, the single kinetic simulation model of small-scale debris is set up to study the effect of material nature, geometry parameters, thrown condition, on dynamic behavior and rule with air drag and ground friction. According to the data obtained from simulation, the relation curves are given between thrown distance and the parameters like thrown condition, material nature, and the shape of debris respectively. The connect degrees between thrown distance and the factors of thrown condition just like height, angle, velocity are analyzed deeply by Deng’s grey connection analysis. The effect degree of factors on thrown distance is determined by connection order calculated by the method of grey connection analysis.
(3) The dynamic rule of different material nature’s rebound parameters varies with thrown condition obtained from the kinetic simulation analysis by Ansys/Ls-Dyna. The rebound parameters indexes are vertical rebound coefficient, horizontal rebound coefficient, angle lost coefficient. The effect of rebound character on dynamic behavior after collision is discovered. Based on the meaning of rebound parameters, the nonlinear trend curve of different material nature varying with rebound parameters is given by combing qualitative analysis with quantitative calculation. The abnormal phenomena of debris’s motion just like breaking rebound, is expounded.
(4) According to the two-phase kinetic model of debris, the dynamic states of different material nature (elastic, elastic-plastic, plastic), different shape (sphere, rectangle, abnormity) after impact are analyzed by referencing the theory of tangent dynamics. Then, the distinguish condition of glide and bounce is established when the debris collision with ground. When distinguish condition is satisfied, the nonlinear multi-factors model is established, applying different material nature, shape, crash velocity, and thrown distance, for accident reconstruction. The practical root can be solved by Matlab.
(5) In accordance with the motion mechanism of debris in vehicle collision, the ejecting device is developed for satisfying the need of investigation. The effect degree and the dynamic rule of different material nature, geometry parameters of debris are analyzed and validated by the ejecting test device. The validity of behavior model is verified by comparing the results of simulation with test.
The results of this paper enrich the application value of using debris, and offer a new method to calculate and analyze crash velocity for accident reconstruction in real case, which is significant on theory guidance for the department of police and judiciary.
引文
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