基于汶川地震震害填充墙对框架结构抗震性能影响研究
|
摘要
2008年5月12日汶川地震后,由广东省建设厅组织的广东省房屋鉴定专家援助队赴汶川完成了对汶川县城1141栋房屋的震后鉴定作业,为本课题研究带回了宝贵的第一手资料。
由震害统计发现框架结构填充墙破坏现象非常普遍,地震造成了墙体由轻微裂缝到整体倒塌等不同程度的破坏,给人们的生命和财产直接造成威胁和损失,给人们心理造成阴影。砌体填充墙作为一种非结构构件,其抗侧力性能的研究早已引起了国内外工程界的关注。以往的设计中往往将填充墙等效为梁上荷载,忽略了填充墙的刚度效应等因素,而本次震害表明填充墙的刚度等因素对框架结构的抗震有很大的影响,非结构构件破坏及其所造成的损失已不能认为是次要的因素,而必须加以认真对待。
为了从理论上分析填充墙对框架结构抗震的影响,就必须对填充墙提出一个合理、有效的计算模型。本文首先对已有的模型进行了总结与分析,对于不开洞的填充墙,采用了Wale的三角撑模型;对开洞的填充墙,提出了简化模型,并通过模拟已有的试验证明了这些模型的有效性。
统计分析了汶川县城填充墙框架结构震害情况,并选取典型框架结构,对各结构分别建立无墙和含墙模型并利用振型分解反应谱法进行弹性分析,考察了无墙与含墙模型的结构承载力、刚度以及结构受力情况,总结填充墙对框架结构抗震性能的影响。
采用有限元分析软件SAP2000对各模型进行非线性静力分析,利用承载力谱法求得结构性能点,分析结构在性能点处的基底剪力、顶点位移、最大层间位移以及出铰情况,了解结构在地震作用下的非线性反应。并利用本文提出的划分结构性能水平的层间位移角量化指标,对填充墙框架结构在地震作用下的抗震性能进行评估。
对两个结构按照传统的和本文提出的考虑填充墙方法进行抗震设计,并对两种方法设计的模型进行推覆分析,对比了两组模型在性能点状态结构反应,总结了传统方法的利弊,分析了按本文方法设计的合理性及优势。
Damage identification of 1141 houses in Wenchuan County had Completed by the expert group organized by Construction of Guangdong Province after Wenchuan earthquake occurred in May 12, 2008. It brought back valuable information for this paper.
The damage phenomenon of infill wall in frame was widespread in this appraisal. Various damage forms ranged from minor cracking to the overall collapse was caused by the earthquake. It caused threats to people's lives and property losses directly. It also brought psychological shadow to people. Domestic and international engineering had already paid close attention to the performance of lateral of infill wall as a subsidiary member. Infill wall was equivalent to the load on beam in traditional design. In this way, factors such as the effect of stiffness of the wall would be ignored. The damage showed the importance effect of these factors, so non-structural damage and the loss caused by it is no longer considered as a minor factor, but must be taken seriously.
It is necessary to propose a reasonable and effective simplified model to analyze the effect of the infill walls on the frame. In this thesis,first,existing models are summarized and compared.For the infill walls without hole,three-strut model proposed by Wale was used. The simplified model of infill walls with hole was suggested,too. Moreover, the validity of the proposed models are verified by modeling existing experiments.
The damage phenomenon of fill wall in Wenchuan County was added up. Typical infilled frame structures was chosen.Based on alaysis of mode of vibration resolving,top and interstorey displacementof current structureis put forward.Linear analysis based on vibration response spectrum method used on walls and no wall model to study the structural strength, stiffness and force structure.The impact of infill wall on seismic performance of frame structure was summarized. Review infill walls on the seismic performance of frame structures.
With the aid of finite element analytical software SAP2000, made the nonlinear static analysis for Typical frame structures,by using two types of analysis model.Capacity spectrum method was used to achieve the seismic response and get the performance point. The base shear, Vertex displacement, Maximum story drift and the hinge case were analyzed to clear the nonlinear response of structure under the earthquake. Then give the evaluation of the structures according to the inter-story drift ratio.
Design the two structures according the traditional method and the method proposed in this paper. Made the nonlinear static analysis for two types of model. The pros and cons of the method of simulating the infill walls in tradition were analyzed and summarized. The analysis of the rationality and advantages of the new method was given by comparing the two results of the structure response.
由震害统计发现框架结构填充墙破坏现象非常普遍,地震造成了墙体由轻微裂缝到整体倒塌等不同程度的破坏,给人们的生命和财产直接造成威胁和损失,给人们心理造成阴影。砌体填充墙作为一种非结构构件,其抗侧力性能的研究早已引起了国内外工程界的关注。以往的设计中往往将填充墙等效为梁上荷载,忽略了填充墙的刚度效应等因素,而本次震害表明填充墙的刚度等因素对框架结构的抗震有很大的影响,非结构构件破坏及其所造成的损失已不能认为是次要的因素,而必须加以认真对待。
为了从理论上分析填充墙对框架结构抗震的影响,就必须对填充墙提出一个合理、有效的计算模型。本文首先对已有的模型进行了总结与分析,对于不开洞的填充墙,采用了Wale的三角撑模型;对开洞的填充墙,提出了简化模型,并通过模拟已有的试验证明了这些模型的有效性。
统计分析了汶川县城填充墙框架结构震害情况,并选取典型框架结构,对各结构分别建立无墙和含墙模型并利用振型分解反应谱法进行弹性分析,考察了无墙与含墙模型的结构承载力、刚度以及结构受力情况,总结填充墙对框架结构抗震性能的影响。
采用有限元分析软件SAP2000对各模型进行非线性静力分析,利用承载力谱法求得结构性能点,分析结构在性能点处的基底剪力、顶点位移、最大层间位移以及出铰情况,了解结构在地震作用下的非线性反应。并利用本文提出的划分结构性能水平的层间位移角量化指标,对填充墙框架结构在地震作用下的抗震性能进行评估。
对两个结构按照传统的和本文提出的考虑填充墙方法进行抗震设计,并对两种方法设计的模型进行推覆分析,对比了两组模型在性能点状态结构反应,总结了传统方法的利弊,分析了按本文方法设计的合理性及优势。
Damage identification of 1141 houses in Wenchuan County had Completed by the expert group organized by Construction of Guangdong Province after Wenchuan earthquake occurred in May 12, 2008. It brought back valuable information for this paper.
The damage phenomenon of infill wall in frame was widespread in this appraisal. Various damage forms ranged from minor cracking to the overall collapse was caused by the earthquake. It caused threats to people's lives and property losses directly. It also brought psychological shadow to people. Domestic and international engineering had already paid close attention to the performance of lateral of infill wall as a subsidiary member. Infill wall was equivalent to the load on beam in traditional design. In this way, factors such as the effect of stiffness of the wall would be ignored. The damage showed the importance effect of these factors, so non-structural damage and the loss caused by it is no longer considered as a minor factor, but must be taken seriously.
It is necessary to propose a reasonable and effective simplified model to analyze the effect of the infill walls on the frame. In this thesis,first,existing models are summarized and compared.For the infill walls without hole,three-strut model proposed by Wale was used. The simplified model of infill walls with hole was suggested,too. Moreover, the validity of the proposed models are verified by modeling existing experiments.
The damage phenomenon of fill wall in Wenchuan County was added up. Typical infilled frame structures was chosen.Based on alaysis of mode of vibration resolving,top and interstorey displacementof current structureis put forward.Linear analysis based on vibration response spectrum method used on walls and no wall model to study the structural strength, stiffness and force structure.The impact of infill wall on seismic performance of frame structure was summarized. Review infill walls on the seismic performance of frame structures.
With the aid of finite element analytical software SAP2000, made the nonlinear static analysis for Typical frame structures,by using two types of analysis model.Capacity spectrum method was used to achieve the seismic response and get the performance point. The base shear, Vertex displacement, Maximum story drift and the hinge case were analyzed to clear the nonlinear response of structure under the earthquake. Then give the evaluation of the structures according to the inter-story drift ratio.
Design the two structures according the traditional method and the method proposed in this paper. Made the nonlinear static analysis for two types of model. The pros and cons of the method of simulating the infill walls in tradition were analyzed and summarized. The analysis of the rationality and advantages of the new method was given by comparing the two results of the structure response.
引文
[1]中国地震信息网. http://www.csi.ac.cn/sichuan/index080512.htm
[2]中国新闻网.新闻专题之四川汶川大地震http: //www.chinanews.com.cn/special/ 2008 /0513/3.html
[3]中国地震局http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf /_content/09_05/07/1241678660874.html
[4]建筑地震破坏等级划分标准[S].中华人民共和国建设部(1990)建抗字第377号
[5]张慧,孙德杰,李连.填充墙对框架结构体系抗震性能影响的研究[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 02
[6]王本兴,王艳晗,朱杰克.框架填充墙结构体系抗震性能评价[J].中国科技信息, 2007. 07
[7]朱荣华,沈聚敏.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验及理论分析[J].建筑结构学报. 1996, 17(4), 27-34
[8]吴绮芸,田家骅,徐显毅.砖墙填充框架在单向及反复水平荷载作用下的性能研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1980, 04
[9]童岳生,钱国芳.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架在水平荷载作用下结构性能的试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版), 1982, 02
[10] G. J.W. King and P. C. Pandey. The analysis of infilled frames using finite elements[A]. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.[C], London, 1978 , 749-760
[11] M. Dhanasekar and A. W. Page. Influence of brick masonry infill properties on the behavior of infilled frames[A]. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.[C], London, 1986, 593-605
[12] J. Achyutha, R. Jagadish,P. S. Rao and S. S. Rahman. Finite element simulation of the elastic behavior of infilled frames with openings[J]. Comput. Struct., 1986, 23(5): 685-696
[13] I. M. May and S. Y. A. Ma. Computer-aided analysis and design of shear wall panels in frames using finite element method[A]. Proc. Int. Conf. Computer-Aided Anal. Des. [C]. Swansea, Wales: Concrete Struct. Pineridge Press, 1033-1047
[14] T. C. Liauw and K. H. Kwan. New development in research of infilled frames[A]. Proc. Eighth World Conf[C]. Earth. Eng., 1984 ,4: 623-630
[15] T. C. Liauw and K. H. Kwan. Nonlinear behavior of non-integral infilled frames[J].Comput. Struct. 1984, 18(3): 551-560
[16] G. Kost, W. Weaver Jr. and R. B. Barber. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of frames with panels[J]. Struct. Div. ASCE, 1974, 100(4): 743-757
[17] Armin B. Mehrabi. Finite Element Modeling of Masonry-Infilled RC Frames[J]. A.M.ASCE. 1997, 123(5): 604-613
[18] T. C. Liauw. An approximate method of analysis for infilled frames with or without opening[J]. Building Sci, 1972, 7(4):233-238
[19] T. C. Liauw and S. W. Lee. On the behaviour and the analysis of multi-storey infilled frames subject to lateral loading[A]. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.[C]. 1977, 63(9): 641-656
[20] V. Thiruvengadam. On the natural frequencies of infilled frames[J]. Earthq. Eng.Struct. Dynam. 1985, 13(2): 401-419
[21] S. Mochizuki. Inelastic behavior of framed shear wall governed by slip failure of wall panel[A]. Proc. Ninth World Conf. Earthq. Eng[C]. 1988,4, 505-510
[22] R. E. Klingner and V. V. Bertero. Infilled Frames in Earthquake Resistant Construction. University of California, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 1976
[23] K. M. Mosalam. Experimental and Computational Strategies for the Seismic Behavior Evaluation of Frames with Infill Walls[D]. New York: Cornell University, 1996
[24] P. Gergely and J. F. Abel. A Six-Strut Model for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Infilled Frames[J]. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2002
[25] C. Z. Chrysostomou. Effects of Degrading Infill Walls on the Nonlinear Seismic Response of Two-Dimensional Steel Frames[D]. New York :Cornell University, 1991
[26] A. Madan. Modeling of Masonry Infill Panels for Structural Analysis[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997, 123(10): 1295-1302
[27] Ch. G. Karayannis, D. J. Kakaletsis & M. J. Favvata. Behavior of bare and masonry infilled R/C frames under cyclic loading: experiments and analysis[J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures, 1995
[28] PERERAR. A damage model for Masonry infilled frames[A]. International conference on engineering computational technology[C], Leuven, Belgique, 2000: 183-188
[29]胡幸贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社, 1988
[30]王继唐.抗震防灾技术述评.陕西省抗震防灾办公室, 1997
[31] Freeman S A,Dicoletti J P,Tyrell J V. Evaluations of exiting buildings for seismicrisk-acase study of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard,Bremerton. Washington.In:Proc 1st U S National Conf Earthquake Engng,EERI,Berkeley,1975:113~122
[32]国家标准抗震规范管理组.《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)统一培训教材[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2002
[33]熊向阳.建筑结构弹塑性静力分析pushover方法的研究[J].上海:同济大学, 2001
[34] Wael W. El-Dakhakhni, Mohamed Elgaaly, Ahmad A. Three-Strut Model for Concrete Masonry-Infilled Steel Frames[J]. Journal of structural engineering, 2003
[35]黄靓,施楚贤,熊辉.带砌体填充墙结构在地震作用下的安全性质疑[J].建筑结构, 2005, 35(3): 57-65
[36]樊江,陶燕.砖填充墙框架结构中填充墙的应力分析[J].昆明理工大学学报, 23(1)
[37]钟益村,高小旺.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架抗震设计实例[J].建筑科学, 1991
[38]刘耀新.砖填充墙框架房屋的抗震设计研究[J].建筑技术通讯, 1983, 3(2): 10-15
[39]曹万林,王光远,吴建有等.轻质填充墙异形柱框架结构层刚度及其衰减过程的研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1995, 16(5): 20-31
[40] Chrysostomou, C.Z., Gergely, P.,Abel,J.F.preliminary studies of the effects of degrading infill walls on the nolinear seismic reponse of steel frames.National Center for Earthquake Engineer Research, 1988, NCEER-88-0046
[41] Liauw T C, Lo C Q. Multibay infilled frames without shear connectors[J]. ACI Structural Journal, 1988, 18(4): 423-428
[42]苗凤.填充墙对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力性能的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学, 2006
[43] Buonopane S G, White R N. Pseudodynamic Testing of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1999, 125(6): 578-589
[44] Abolghasem Saneinejad and Brian Hobbs. INELASTIC DESIGN OF INFILLED FRAMES[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1995, 4
[45] GB50010-2002.混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国建设部, 2002
[46] Shi Chuxian. Analysis of the strength for compressive member of brick masonry under eccentric loads[A].Third International Symposium on Wall Structures[C]. Vol.l, Warsaw, 1981
[47]曾晓明,杨伟军,施楚贤.砌体受压本构关系模型的研究[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2001, 27(3)
[48]施楚贤.砌体结构理论与设计[M]. 2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
[49] Madan A., Reinhorn A.M., Mander J.B. Modeling of masonry infill panels for structural analysis[J]. Struct.Engrg, ASCE, 123(10), 1997
[50]庄一舟,黄承逵.模型砖砌体力学性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构, 1997
[51]童岳生,钱国芳,梁兴文等.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架的刚度及其应用[J].西安冶金建筑学院学报, 1985, 12
[52] Armin B. M., Shing P. B. Finite element modeling of masonry-infilled RC Frames[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997
[53] GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2002
[54]朱荣华,沈聚敏.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验及理论分析[J].建筑结构学报, 1996, 17(4): 27-34
[55] FEMA356, Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[S]. Washington D C: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2000
[56] ATC-40, Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings[S]. California: Applied Technology Council, 1996
[57] Mahaney, et al, The Capacity Spectrum Method for Evaluating Sturctural Response during the Loma Prieta Earthquake[A]. Memphis, Tennessee: Proceedings of the National Earthquake Conference, 1993
[58] JGJ16-98.建筑抗震加固技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1998
[59] SEAOC Vision2000 Committee. Performance-based seismic engineering of building[R]. Report prepared by association of Calofornia, Sacramento, Calofornia, USA, 1995
[60]门进杰,史庆轩,周琦.框架结构基于性能的抗震设防目标和性能指标的量化[J].土木工程学报, 41(9)
[61]门进杰.不规则钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计理论和方法[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2007
[62] A.S. Moghadam. World Conference Pushover Analysis for Asymmetric and Set-back Multi-story Buildings.The 12th on Earthquake Engineering, paper No.1093, 2000
[63]钱稼茹,等.静力弹塑性分析在工程中的应用研究[R].国家自然科学基金重大项目专题报告, 1999
[64]刘小强,梁游钧,等.框架结构P-△效应计算[J].建筑结构, 1995 (12): 19-22
[2]中国新闻网.新闻专题之四川汶川大地震http: //www.chinanews.com.cn/special/ 2008 /0513/3.html
[3]中国地震局http://www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf /_content/09_05/07/1241678660874.html
[4]建筑地震破坏等级划分标准[S].中华人民共和国建设部(1990)建抗字第377号
[5]张慧,孙德杰,李连.填充墙对框架结构体系抗震性能影响的研究[J].河南大学学报(自然科学版), 2006, 02
[6]王本兴,王艳晗,朱杰克.框架填充墙结构体系抗震性能评价[J].中国科技信息, 2007. 07
[7]朱荣华,沈聚敏.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验及理论分析[J].建筑结构学报. 1996, 17(4), 27-34
[8]吴绮芸,田家骅,徐显毅.砖墙填充框架在单向及反复水平荷载作用下的性能研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1980, 04
[9]童岳生,钱国芳.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架在水平荷载作用下结构性能的试验研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版), 1982, 02
[10] G. J.W. King and P. C. Pandey. The analysis of infilled frames using finite elements[A]. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.[C], London, 1978 , 749-760
[11] M. Dhanasekar and A. W. Page. Influence of brick masonry infill properties on the behavior of infilled frames[A]. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.[C], London, 1986, 593-605
[12] J. Achyutha, R. Jagadish,P. S. Rao and S. S. Rahman. Finite element simulation of the elastic behavior of infilled frames with openings[J]. Comput. Struct., 1986, 23(5): 685-696
[13] I. M. May and S. Y. A. Ma. Computer-aided analysis and design of shear wall panels in frames using finite element method[A]. Proc. Int. Conf. Computer-Aided Anal. Des. [C]. Swansea, Wales: Concrete Struct. Pineridge Press, 1033-1047
[14] T. C. Liauw and K. H. Kwan. New development in research of infilled frames[A]. Proc. Eighth World Conf[C]. Earth. Eng., 1984 ,4: 623-630
[15] T. C. Liauw and K. H. Kwan. Nonlinear behavior of non-integral infilled frames[J].Comput. Struct. 1984, 18(3): 551-560
[16] G. Kost, W. Weaver Jr. and R. B. Barber. Nonlinear dynamic analysis of frames with panels[J]. Struct. Div. ASCE, 1974, 100(4): 743-757
[17] Armin B. Mehrabi. Finite Element Modeling of Masonry-Infilled RC Frames[J]. A.M.ASCE. 1997, 123(5): 604-613
[18] T. C. Liauw. An approximate method of analysis for infilled frames with or without opening[J]. Building Sci, 1972, 7(4):233-238
[19] T. C. Liauw and S. W. Lee. On the behaviour and the analysis of multi-storey infilled frames subject to lateral loading[A]. Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.[C]. 1977, 63(9): 641-656
[20] V. Thiruvengadam. On the natural frequencies of infilled frames[J]. Earthq. Eng.Struct. Dynam. 1985, 13(2): 401-419
[21] S. Mochizuki. Inelastic behavior of framed shear wall governed by slip failure of wall panel[A]. Proc. Ninth World Conf. Earthq. Eng[C]. 1988,4, 505-510
[22] R. E. Klingner and V. V. Bertero. Infilled Frames in Earthquake Resistant Construction. University of California, California: Earthquake Engineering Research Center, 1976
[23] K. M. Mosalam. Experimental and Computational Strategies for the Seismic Behavior Evaluation of Frames with Infill Walls[D]. New York: Cornell University, 1996
[24] P. Gergely and J. F. Abel. A Six-Strut Model for Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Infilled Frames[J]. International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics, 2002
[25] C. Z. Chrysostomou. Effects of Degrading Infill Walls on the Nonlinear Seismic Response of Two-Dimensional Steel Frames[D]. New York :Cornell University, 1991
[26] A. Madan. Modeling of Masonry Infill Panels for Structural Analysis[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997, 123(10): 1295-1302
[27] Ch. G. Karayannis, D. J. Kakaletsis & M. J. Favvata. Behavior of bare and masonry infilled R/C frames under cyclic loading: experiments and analysis[J]. Earthquake Resistant Engineering Structures, 1995
[28] PERERAR. A damage model for Masonry infilled frames[A]. International conference on engineering computational technology[C], Leuven, Belgique, 2000: 183-188
[29]胡幸贤.地震工程学[M].北京:地震出版社, 1988
[30]王继唐.抗震防灾技术述评.陕西省抗震防灾办公室, 1997
[31] Freeman S A,Dicoletti J P,Tyrell J V. Evaluations of exiting buildings for seismicrisk-acase study of Puget Sound Naval Shipyard,Bremerton. Washington.In:Proc 1st U S National Conf Earthquake Engng,EERI,Berkeley,1975:113~122
[32]国家标准抗震规范管理组.《建筑抗震设计规范》(GB50011-2001)统一培训教材[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2002
[33]熊向阳.建筑结构弹塑性静力分析pushover方法的研究[J].上海:同济大学, 2001
[34] Wael W. El-Dakhakhni, Mohamed Elgaaly, Ahmad A. Three-Strut Model for Concrete Masonry-Infilled Steel Frames[J]. Journal of structural engineering, 2003
[35]黄靓,施楚贤,熊辉.带砌体填充墙结构在地震作用下的安全性质疑[J].建筑结构, 2005, 35(3): 57-65
[36]樊江,陶燕.砖填充墙框架结构中填充墙的应力分析[J].昆明理工大学学报, 23(1)
[37]钟益村,高小旺.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架抗震设计实例[J].建筑科学, 1991
[38]刘耀新.砖填充墙框架房屋的抗震设计研究[J].建筑技术通讯, 1983, 3(2): 10-15
[39]曹万林,王光远,吴建有等.轻质填充墙异形柱框架结构层刚度及其衰减过程的研究[J].建筑结构学报, 1995, 16(5): 20-31
[40] Chrysostomou, C.Z., Gergely, P.,Abel,J.F.preliminary studies of the effects of degrading infill walls on the nolinear seismic reponse of steel frames.National Center for Earthquake Engineer Research, 1988, NCEER-88-0046
[41] Liauw T C, Lo C Q. Multibay infilled frames without shear connectors[J]. ACI Structural Journal, 1988, 18(4): 423-428
[42]苗凤.填充墙对钢筋混凝土框架结构动力性能的影响[D].长沙:湖南大学, 2006
[43] Buonopane S G, White R N. Pseudodynamic Testing of Masonry Infilled Reinforced Concrete Frame[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1999, 125(6): 578-589
[44] Abolghasem Saneinejad and Brian Hobbs. INELASTIC DESIGN OF INFILLED FRAMES[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1995, 4
[45] GB50010-2002.混凝土结构设计规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国建设部, 2002
[46] Shi Chuxian. Analysis of the strength for compressive member of brick masonry under eccentric loads[A].Third International Symposium on Wall Structures[C]. Vol.l, Warsaw, 1981
[47]曾晓明,杨伟军,施楚贤.砌体受压本构关系模型的研究[J].四川建筑科学研究, 2001, 27(3)
[48]施楚贤.砌体结构理论与设计[M]. 2版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2003
[49] Madan A., Reinhorn A.M., Mander J.B. Modeling of masonry infill panels for structural analysis[J]. Struct.Engrg, ASCE, 123(10), 1997
[50]庄一舟,黄承逵.模型砖砌体力学性能的试验研究[J].建筑结构, 1997
[51]童岳生,钱国芳,梁兴文等.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架的刚度及其应用[J].西安冶金建筑学院学报, 1985, 12
[52] Armin B. M., Shing P. B. Finite element modeling of masonry-infilled RC Frames[J]. Journal of Structural Engineering, 1997
[53] GB50011-2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 2002
[54]朱荣华,沈聚敏.砖填充墙钢筋混凝土框架拟动力地震反应试验及理论分析[J].建筑结构学报, 1996, 17(4): 27-34
[55] FEMA356, Prestandard and commentary for the seismic rehabilitation of buildings[S]. Washington D C: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2000
[56] ATC-40, Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings[S]. California: Applied Technology Council, 1996
[57] Mahaney, et al, The Capacity Spectrum Method for Evaluating Sturctural Response during the Loma Prieta Earthquake[A]. Memphis, Tennessee: Proceedings of the National Earthquake Conference, 1993
[58] JGJ16-98.建筑抗震加固技术规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社, 1998
[59] SEAOC Vision2000 Committee. Performance-based seismic engineering of building[R]. Report prepared by association of Calofornia, Sacramento, Calofornia, USA, 1995
[60]门进杰,史庆轩,周琦.框架结构基于性能的抗震设防目标和性能指标的量化[J].土木工程学报, 41(9)
[61]门进杰.不规则钢筋混凝土框架结构基于性能的抗震设计理论和方法[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学, 2007
[62] A.S. Moghadam. World Conference Pushover Analysis for Asymmetric and Set-back Multi-story Buildings.The 12th on Earthquake Engineering, paper No.1093, 2000
[63]钱稼茹,等.静力弹塑性分析在工程中的应用研究[R].国家自然科学基金重大项目专题报告, 1999
[64]刘小强,梁游钧,等.框架结构P-△效应计算[J].建筑结构, 1995 (12): 19-22