叠前敏感弹性参数反演及在西湖凹陷的应用研究
|
摘要
国内地层-岩性油气藏以及天然气勘探亟需与之配套地震储层预测技术作为支撑。
在系统总结前人P-P波弹性参数反演研究成果的基础上，提出了叠前敏感弹性参数反演的概念，即在一个地区首先通过开展不同岩性不同流体弹性参数的敏感性试验(使用井资料)确定用于该区预测岩性和流体的敏感弹性参数，并利用叠前偏移CRP道集数据通过弹性反演得到这些弹性参数，利用反演的敏感弹性参数预测岩性和流体。围绕着该思路建立并完善了叠前敏感弹性参数反演技术系列，在平湖地区和HY地区实际资料应用中取得重要研究成果。
在AVO属性反演理论研究方面，利用模型数据研究了AVO属性反演中的入射角与反演结果的稳健性问题，根据研究成果提出了一个地区开展AVO属性反演的最佳策略，即在一个地区，除非密度是对岩性和流体最敏感的关键弹性参数，不需要大入射角(偏移距)数据，入射角达到30°即可，两参数AVO属性反演即可以满足解决问题的需要；假如一个地区密度是对岩性和流体最敏感的弹性参数，而且没有密度将很难区分岩性和流体，在这种情形下，三参数AVO属性反演是必需的，需要较大的入射角(偏移距)数据，适宜的角度为45°或稍大，最大不超过50°。在叠前敏感弹性参数反演技术研究方面，完善了叠前敏感弹性参数反演的技术系列，尤其是在海域地震资料多次波衰减及利用三维体交会图解释叠前反演结果方面取得了重要进展。
叠前敏感弹性参数反演技术在西湖凹陷HY地区含气砂岩预测方面取得了重要研究成果。泊松比(σ)、μ~*ρ、λ／μ这三个弹性参数对于H5含气砂岩敏感，它们的交会图可以区分出含气砂岩(含部分干层)。预测了H5含气砂岩的分布，并圈定了H5含气异常面积20km~2。根据研究成果对该区下步勘探部署提出了具体建议，建议原来部署HY1-1-2井继续实施，建议原来部署的HY1-1-3井位置进行调整，在储层和含气异常都比较有利的区域重新设计了该井的位置。在平湖地区，利用叠前反演得到的泊松比(σ)、λ~*ρ两个弹性参数成功识别了P6、P8、P8c和P9四套(四层)含气砂岩，并预测了其横向分布，预测结果得到了PH6井的证实。
The prospecting of lithology reservoir as well as gas reservoir sometimes requires unconventional seismic inversion technique.
Based on the research results of elastic parameters sensitivity (to lithology and fluid) trial, pre-stack sensitive elastic parameters inversion (PSEPI) has been presented in this paper. The basic idea, before pre-stack elastic parameter inversion, elastic parameters sensitivity (to lithology and fluid) trial (using well log data) must be done first in an area, that determine which elastic parameter is the most sensitive to lithology and fluid. PSEPI is conducted using CRP gather data and well log data to get sensitive elastic parameters. These sensitive elastic parameters are used to predict lithology and fluid. A series of techniques has been developed according to the meet of PSEPI.
The relationship between incidence angle and the robustness of AVO inversion has been researched based on model data. The optimum strategy of AVO inversion has been presented according to the research results. Large incidence angle (offset) is not necessary unless density is the most sensitive parameter in an area. If density is a key parameter in an area, large incidence angle is necessary. The appropriate angle is about 45°, and the maximum angle is not more than 50°.
Multiple attenuation method has been improved. 3D Crossplotting technique between two datasets has been successfully used to determine gas-bearing sand distribution. The prediction of gas-bearing sand has been achieved using PSEPI technique in Xihu depression. In HY area, Poisson's ratio (σ), μ*p and λ/μ, are sensitive to H5 gas-sand. H5 gas-sand distribution has been successfully predicted, and 20km~2 gas-bearing sand has been identified. Based on the results of gas-bearing sand prediction, the designing of appraisal well or prospect well has been made. In Pinghu area, Poisson's ratio (σ) and λ,*ρ have been successfully used to identify four target zones of gas-bearing sand, and the predicted results have been proved by well PH6.
在系统总结前人P-P波弹性参数反演研究成果的基础上，提出了叠前敏感弹性参数反演的概念，即在一个地区首先通过开展不同岩性不同流体弹性参数的敏感性试验(使用井资料)确定用于该区预测岩性和流体的敏感弹性参数，并利用叠前偏移CRP道集数据通过弹性反演得到这些弹性参数，利用反演的敏感弹性参数预测岩性和流体。围绕着该思路建立并完善了叠前敏感弹性参数反演技术系列，在平湖地区和HY地区实际资料应用中取得重要研究成果。
在AVO属性反演理论研究方面，利用模型数据研究了AVO属性反演中的入射角与反演结果的稳健性问题，根据研究成果提出了一个地区开展AVO属性反演的最佳策略，即在一个地区，除非密度是对岩性和流体最敏感的关键弹性参数，不需要大入射角(偏移距)数据，入射角达到30°即可，两参数AVO属性反演即可以满足解决问题的需要；假如一个地区密度是对岩性和流体最敏感的弹性参数，而且没有密度将很难区分岩性和流体，在这种情形下，三参数AVO属性反演是必需的，需要较大的入射角(偏移距)数据，适宜的角度为45°或稍大，最大不超过50°。在叠前敏感弹性参数反演技术研究方面，完善了叠前敏感弹性参数反演的技术系列，尤其是在海域地震资料多次波衰减及利用三维体交会图解释叠前反演结果方面取得了重要进展。
叠前敏感弹性参数反演技术在西湖凹陷HY地区含气砂岩预测方面取得了重要研究成果。泊松比(σ)、μ~*ρ、λ／μ这三个弹性参数对于H5含气砂岩敏感，它们的交会图可以区分出含气砂岩(含部分干层)。预测了H5含气砂岩的分布，并圈定了H5含气异常面积20km~2。根据研究成果对该区下步勘探部署提出了具体建议，建议原来部署HY1-1-2井继续实施，建议原来部署的HY1-1-3井位置进行调整，在储层和含气异常都比较有利的区域重新设计了该井的位置。在平湖地区，利用叠前反演得到的泊松比(σ)、λ~*ρ两个弹性参数成功识别了P6、P8、P8c和P9四套(四层)含气砂岩，并预测了其横向分布，预测结果得到了PH6井的证实。
The prospecting of lithology reservoir as well as gas reservoir sometimes requires unconventional seismic inversion technique.
Based on the research results of elastic parameters sensitivity (to lithology and fluid) trial, pre-stack sensitive elastic parameters inversion (PSEPI) has been presented in this paper. The basic idea, before pre-stack elastic parameter inversion, elastic parameters sensitivity (to lithology and fluid) trial (using well log data) must be done first in an area, that determine which elastic parameter is the most sensitive to lithology and fluid. PSEPI is conducted using CRP gather data and well log data to get sensitive elastic parameters. These sensitive elastic parameters are used to predict lithology and fluid. A series of techniques has been developed according to the meet of PSEPI.
The relationship between incidence angle and the robustness of AVO inversion has been researched based on model data. The optimum strategy of AVO inversion has been presented according to the research results. Large incidence angle (offset) is not necessary unless density is the most sensitive parameter in an area. If density is a key parameter in an area, large incidence angle is necessary. The appropriate angle is about 45°, and the maximum angle is not more than 50°.
Multiple attenuation method has been improved. 3D Crossplotting technique between two datasets has been successfully used to determine gas-bearing sand distribution. The prediction of gas-bearing sand has been achieved using PSEPI technique in Xihu depression. In HY area, Poisson's ratio (σ), μ*p and λ/μ, are sensitive to H5 gas-sand. H5 gas-sand distribution has been successfully predicted, and 20km~2 gas-bearing sand has been identified. Based on the results of gas-bearing sand prediction, the designing of appraisal well or prospect well has been made. In Pinghu area, Poisson's ratio (σ) and λ,*ρ have been successfully used to identify four target zones of gas-bearing sand, and the predicted results have been proved by well PH6.
引文
[1] 贾承造，赵文智，邹才能等．岩性地层油气藏勘探研究的两项核心技术．石油勘探与开发[J]，2004，31(3)：3～9
[2] Zheng Xiaodong, Linear AVO inversion and post-AVO Inversion, 1994, 74th Ann. Internal. Mtg., SEG, Expanded Abstract, 956-959
[3] Rocky R., et al., An introduction—Rock Geophysics/AVO, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 987
[4] CSEG interview: John Castagna, 2004, The Leading Edge, 23/2, 138-142
[5] Satinder C., et al., 3D AVO crossplotting-An effective visualization technique, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/11, 1078-1089
[6] Buland, A., et al., AVO inversion of Troll Field data, 1996, Geophysics, 61/6, 1589-1602
[7] Robert W Hanna, Virgil Kauffman Award for Patrick A. Connolly, 2001, The Leading Edge, 20/11, 1296～1301
[8] Rocky R., et al., An introduction—Rock Geophysics/AVO, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 987
[9] Roderick, K. et al., Prospecting with the density cube, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 1038-1045
[10] Ezequiel F. Gonzalez, et al., Near and far offset P-to-S elastic impedance for discriminating fizz water from commercial gas, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 1012-1015
[11] Karine Labat, et al., Which factors is the prestack stratigraphic inversion very sensitive to? 2005, 75th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts: 250-253
[12] Herrmann P. Mojesky, et al., De-aliase High-resolution Radon Transforms, 2000, 70th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1953-1956.
[13] Guillaume Cambois, AVO Processing: Myths and Reality, 2001, CSEG Rcorder, March, 31-33
[14] Hilterman, F. and C. Van Schuyver, Seismic wideangleprocessing to avoid NMO stretch, 2003, 70th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 215-218.
[15] Francis S., et al., Residual moveout estimation and application to AVO, stack enhancement, and tomography, 2005, 75th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 230-233
[16] Dave Hinkley, et al., Pre-stack Gather Flattening for AVO, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 271-273
[17] John P. Castagna, AVO analysis, CSEG Rcorder, June, 2001, 29-34
[18] Miriam Spinner, et al., Tree-amplitude CRS-based Kirchhoff time migration for AVOanalysis, 2005, 75th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 246-249
[19] S. Pharez, et al., Prestack wave-equation migration as a routine production tool, 2005, The Leading Edge, 24/1, 608-613
[20] B. Ursin, et al., Seismic angle migration, 2005, The Leading Edge, 24/6, 637-640
[21] Dimitri B., et al., Which depth imaging method should you use? A road map through the maze of possibilities, 2005, The Leading Edge, 24/6, 602-606
[22] Jonathan E., High-resolution AVO analysis before NMO, 2003, 73th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 219-222
[23] Gilles H., et al., Three-term amplitude-versus-offset(AVO) inversion revisited by curvelet and wavelet transforms, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 211-214
[24] Faranak M., et al., Three parameter AVO inversion with PP and PS data with offset binning, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 240-243
[25] Jonathan E. Downton, et al., Three term AVO waveform inversion, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 215-218
[26] Jon Downton, et al., Linearized AVO inversion with supercritical angles, 2005, 2005 CSEG National Convention, 32-35
[27] 倪逸．弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(2)：147～155
[28] 马劲凤．地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J]．地球物理学报，2003，46(1)：118～124
[29] 甘利灯等．弹性阻抗在岩性和流体预测中的的潜力分析[J]．石油物探，2005，44(5)：504～508
[30] Pengyuan Sun, et al., Robust three-term AVO analysis and elastic parameters inversion, 2005, 75th Ann. Internat. Mtg., SEG, Expanded Abstract
[31] 杨建礼等．W405井沙二下气层的弹性参数特征分析．石油物探，2006，3(6)：619～623
[32] Castagna. J., AVO analysis, 2001, CSEG Recorder, June: 29～34
[33] Smith. G and Gidlow. P., Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas, Geophysical Prospecting, 1987, 1987, 35, 993～1014
[34] Fatti J. F., et al., Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis: A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique, GEOPHYSICS, 59/9(SEPTEMBER 1994), 1362-1376
[35] Connoly, P., Elastic Impedance, 1999, The Leading Edge, 18/4, 438-452
[36] 钟志洪等．西湖凹陷黄岩区地质演化及断层对油气运聚的影响．海洋石油，2003，，增刊：30～35
[37] 贾健谊，须雪豪，孙伯强．东海西湖凹陷原油与天然气的地球化学特征[J]．海洋石油，2000，104(2)：1～7
[2] Zheng Xiaodong, Linear AVO inversion and post-AVO Inversion, 1994, 74th Ann. Internal. Mtg., SEG, Expanded Abstract, 956-959
[3] Rocky R., et al., An introduction—Rock Geophysics/AVO, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 987
[4] CSEG interview: John Castagna, 2004, The Leading Edge, 23/2, 138-142
[5] Satinder C., et al., 3D AVO crossplotting-An effective visualization technique, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/11, 1078-1089
[6] Buland, A., et al., AVO inversion of Troll Field data, 1996, Geophysics, 61/6, 1589-1602
[7] Robert W Hanna, Virgil Kauffman Award for Patrick A. Connolly, 2001, The Leading Edge, 20/11, 1296～1301
[8] Rocky R., et al., An introduction—Rock Geophysics/AVO, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 987
[9] Roderick, K. et al., Prospecting with the density cube, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 1038-1045
[10] Ezequiel F. Gonzalez, et al., Near and far offset P-to-S elastic impedance for discriminating fizz water from commercial gas, 2003, The Leading Edge, 22/10, 1012-1015
[11] Karine Labat, et al., Which factors is the prestack stratigraphic inversion very sensitive to? 2005, 75th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts: 250-253
[12] Herrmann P. Mojesky, et al., De-aliase High-resolution Radon Transforms, 2000, 70th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 1953-1956.
[13] Guillaume Cambois, AVO Processing: Myths and Reality, 2001, CSEG Rcorder, March, 31-33
[14] Hilterman, F. and C. Van Schuyver, Seismic wideangleprocessing to avoid NMO stretch, 2003, 70th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 215-218.
[15] Francis S., et al., Residual moveout estimation and application to AVO, stack enhancement, and tomography, 2005, 75th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 230-233
[16] Dave Hinkley, et al., Pre-stack Gather Flattening for AVO, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 271-273
[17] John P. Castagna, AVO analysis, CSEG Rcorder, June, 2001, 29-34
[18] Miriam Spinner, et al., Tree-amplitude CRS-based Kirchhoff time migration for AVOanalysis, 2005, 75th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 246-249
[19] S. Pharez, et al., Prestack wave-equation migration as a routine production tool, 2005, The Leading Edge, 24/1, 608-613
[20] B. Ursin, et al., Seismic angle migration, 2005, The Leading Edge, 24/6, 637-640
[21] Dimitri B., et al., Which depth imaging method should you use? A road map through the maze of possibilities, 2005, The Leading Edge, 24/6, 602-606
[22] Jonathan E., High-resolution AVO analysis before NMO, 2003, 73th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 219-222
[23] Gilles H., et al., Three-term amplitude-versus-offset(AVO) inversion revisited by curvelet and wavelet transforms, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 211-214
[24] Faranak M., et al., Three parameter AVO inversion with PP and PS data with offset binning, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 240-243
[25] Jonathan E. Downton, et al., Three term AVO waveform inversion, 2004, 74th Annual International Meeting, SEG, SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts, 215-218
[26] Jon Downton, et al., Linearized AVO inversion with supercritical angles, 2005, 2005 CSEG National Convention, 32-35
[27] 倪逸．弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J]．石油地球物理勘探，2003，38(2)：147～155
[28] 马劲凤．地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J]．地球物理学报，2003，46(1)：118～124
[29] 甘利灯等．弹性阻抗在岩性和流体预测中的的潜力分析[J]．石油物探，2005，44(5)：504～508
[30] Pengyuan Sun, et al., Robust three-term AVO analysis and elastic parameters inversion, 2005, 75th Ann. Internat. Mtg., SEG, Expanded Abstract
[31] 杨建礼等．W405井沙二下气层的弹性参数特征分析．石油物探，2006，3(6)：619～623
[32] Castagna. J., AVO analysis, 2001, CSEG Recorder, June: 29～34
[33] Smith. G and Gidlow. P., Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas, Geophysical Prospecting, 1987, 1987, 35, 993～1014
[34] Fatti J. F., et al., Detection of gas in sandstone reservoirs using AVO analysis: A 3-D seismic case history using the Geostack technique, GEOPHYSICS, 59/9(SEPTEMBER 1994), 1362-1376
[35] Connoly, P., Elastic Impedance, 1999, The Leading Edge, 18/4, 438-452
[36] 钟志洪等．西湖凹陷黄岩区地质演化及断层对油气运聚的影响．海洋石油，2003，，增刊：30～35
[37] 贾健谊，须雪豪，孙伯强．东海西湖凹陷原油与天然气的地球化学特征[J]．海洋石油，2000，104(2)：1～7