基于ADAMS/CAR的汽车通过减速带时的平顺性及行驶安全性研究
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摘要
路面减速带是安装在道路上目前广泛使用的道路强制控速设施,对于减缓车辆的行驶速度、减少交通事故的发生有着良好的效果。目前,减速带在道路中得到了广泛的使用。但现实中的减速带产品种类繁多,参差不齐,对于不同限速道路上的减速带的选择仍不明确。因此有效和安全的使用路面减速带可以大幅度的减少由超速引起的交通事故,有效地保障交通安全,对于道路行车安全具有重要的意义。
本文通过分析车辆通过路面橡胶减速带的实际为车辆受到路面脉冲输入的过程,选取了轮荷冲击系数和车身加速度作为评价车辆通过路面减速带响应的指标。
基于多体系统动力学软件ADAMS/CAR,通过修改模板参数及关键点位置,建立前悬架系统、转向系统、后悬架系统、制动系统、动力传动系统、车身、轮胎等子系统,组建整车模型,并根据实际情况建立了包含路面减速带的用于虚拟仿真分析的B级路面。
在ADAMS/CAR中进行3D road整车仿真分析。并在后处理模块ADAMS/PostProcessor中获得分析所需的数据及曲线。分别针对路面减速带的横断面轮廓形状,减速带的宽度和高度对样车进行了虚拟仿真试验。
基于仿真试验所获得的试验数据,以车身垂向加速度和轮荷冲击系数为评价指标,首先对三种典型的横断面轮廓曲线的减速带对车辆通过时的平顺性和行驶安全性的影响进行了比较分析,然后分别对减速带的宽度和高度对车辆的影响进行了分析。
论文得出了在不同道路限速条件下应该如何合理的选择减速带的横断面轮廓和减速带的宽度及高度,对于路面减速带的应用具有一定的指导意义,对于减少道路交通安全事故,提高车辆的行驶安全性具有重要的意义。
Pavement speed-control hump which is installed on the road is currently widely used as one of the compulsive speed control facilities. The hump can slow the speed of vehicles and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. At present,the speed-control hump is widely used on the roads around the world. However, the speed-control hump's Parameters is very random, it's not clear to choose the hump on different roads that have different speed limit. The effective and safe use of speed-control hump can radically reduces accidents caused by overspeed,effectively protects the traffic safety,is important for the road traffic safety.
By analyzing the process that vehicles crossing speed-control hump,the process is in fact as the vehicles receive pulse signals from the road. Selected two parameters to appraise the responses when the vehicle cross the hump.One parameter is the impact factor of wheel load,the other one is body acceleration.
Based on multi-body dynamics software ADAMS/CAR, through the revision of template parameters and the highlight point, the author establish a front suspension systems, steering systems, rear suspension systems, brake systems, powertrain, body, tires, and other subsystems to set up vehicle model. And according to the actual situation, a stochastic road with speed-control hump which adapt to ADAMS is created byroad roughness theory.
Running 3D Road Full-Vehicle Analysis in ADAMS/CAR. Acquire dates and curves for next analysis from the ADAMS/PostProcessor which is the Post-processing module of ADAMS. Running analysis that let the vehicle through the hump which have different section profile,width and height.
Base on the dates from the analysis , and get the impact factor of wheel load and body acceleration as the evaluation norm.At first , research the driving comfort and the safety of vehicle that crossing speed-control hump which have different section profile.And then research the responses that the vehicle crossing the diffetent width and height hump.
From the analysis it can obtain how to choose the hump's section profile and the parameters of width and height on different roads that have different speed limit.The dissertation have significance for the choose of the speed-control hump,and can radically reduces accidents caused by overspeed,effectively protects the traffic safety,is important for the road traffic safety.
本文通过分析车辆通过路面橡胶减速带的实际为车辆受到路面脉冲输入的过程,选取了轮荷冲击系数和车身加速度作为评价车辆通过路面减速带响应的指标。
基于多体系统动力学软件ADAMS/CAR,通过修改模板参数及关键点位置,建立前悬架系统、转向系统、后悬架系统、制动系统、动力传动系统、车身、轮胎等子系统,组建整车模型,并根据实际情况建立了包含路面减速带的用于虚拟仿真分析的B级路面。
在ADAMS/CAR中进行3D road整车仿真分析。并在后处理模块ADAMS/PostProcessor中获得分析所需的数据及曲线。分别针对路面减速带的横断面轮廓形状,减速带的宽度和高度对样车进行了虚拟仿真试验。
基于仿真试验所获得的试验数据,以车身垂向加速度和轮荷冲击系数为评价指标,首先对三种典型的横断面轮廓曲线的减速带对车辆通过时的平顺性和行驶安全性的影响进行了比较分析,然后分别对减速带的宽度和高度对车辆的影响进行了分析。
论文得出了在不同道路限速条件下应该如何合理的选择减速带的横断面轮廓和减速带的宽度及高度,对于路面减速带的应用具有一定的指导意义,对于减少道路交通安全事故,提高车辆的行驶安全性具有重要的意义。
Pavement speed-control hump which is installed on the road is currently widely used as one of the compulsive speed control facilities. The hump can slow the speed of vehicles and reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. At present,the speed-control hump is widely used on the roads around the world. However, the speed-control hump's Parameters is very random, it's not clear to choose the hump on different roads that have different speed limit. The effective and safe use of speed-control hump can radically reduces accidents caused by overspeed,effectively protects the traffic safety,is important for the road traffic safety.
By analyzing the process that vehicles crossing speed-control hump,the process is in fact as the vehicles receive pulse signals from the road. Selected two parameters to appraise the responses when the vehicle cross the hump.One parameter is the impact factor of wheel load,the other one is body acceleration.
Based on multi-body dynamics software ADAMS/CAR, through the revision of template parameters and the highlight point, the author establish a front suspension systems, steering systems, rear suspension systems, brake systems, powertrain, body, tires, and other subsystems to set up vehicle model. And according to the actual situation, a stochastic road with speed-control hump which adapt to ADAMS is created byroad roughness theory.
Running 3D Road Full-Vehicle Analysis in ADAMS/CAR. Acquire dates and curves for next analysis from the ADAMS/PostProcessor which is the Post-processing module of ADAMS. Running analysis that let the vehicle through the hump which have different section profile,width and height.
Base on the dates from the analysis , and get the impact factor of wheel load and body acceleration as the evaluation norm.At first , research the driving comfort and the safety of vehicle that crossing speed-control hump which have different section profile.And then research the responses that the vehicle crossing the diffetent width and height hump.
From the analysis it can obtain how to choose the hump's section profile and the parameters of width and height on different roads that have different speed limit.The dissertation have significance for the choose of the speed-control hump,and can radically reduces accidents caused by overspeed,effectively protects the traffic safety,is important for the road traffic safety.
引文
[1]王长君,黄雁,高岩.超速行驶违法行为的分析和对策[J].交通运输工程与信息学报.2005,9
[2]B.Hale-Heighway,C.Murray,S.Douglas.Multi-body dynamic modeling of commercial vehicles[J].Computing & Control Engineering,Journal February 2002
[3]袁士杰,吕哲勤.多体系统动力学[M].北京理工大学出版社,1992
[4]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册基础篇[M].人民交通出版社,2001.225-306
[5]刘浩学.汽车使用安全技术[M].人民交通出版社,2002
[6]中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计资料汇编(2000-2006)[G].北京:公安部交通管理局
[7]秦民.整车动力学控制仿真分析[D].吉林:吉林工业大学博士学位论文.2003
[8]Dvae Crolla,喻凡.车辆动力学及其控制[M].人民交通出版社,2004.1
[9]Broulheit G.."La Suspension de la Direction de la Voiture Automobile:Shimmy et Danadinement"("The Suspension of the Automobile Steering Mechanism:Shimmy and Tramp")[J],Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France,bulletin 78,1925
[10]Becker G.A.,G.O.Burnham,H.Maruhn(1931)."Schwingunge Automobillenkungen"("Vibrations of the Steering Systems of Automobiles")[M].Kr-ayn.Berlin.
[11]Evans R.D.(1935)."Properties of tires affecting riding steering and handling[J]".Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers.36(2):41
[12]Olley M.(1937)."Suspension and Handling[J]".Engineering Report.General Motors Corp,May 1937
[13]陈荫三,魏朗.公路强制控速安全措施研究[J].公路交通科技.2005,10
[14]陈荫三,魏朗等.强制减速设施试验报告[R].长安大学.2002
[15]陈荫三,魏朗等.G312级咸永一级公路K1562-K1569段交通安全改善总结报告[R].长安大学.2004
[16]余志生主编.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1999
[17]佘守宪,赵雁.加加速度(加速度的时间变化率)-冲击、乘客舒适性、缓和曲线[M].物理与工程.2001
[18]郑凯等.ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[19]Jacqueline Corkle,Michael M.Investigating the Effectiveness of Traffice Calming Strategies on Driver Behavior,Traffic Flow and Speed[R].Technical Advisory Committee.2001,10
[20]D Webster.Road Humps for Controlling Vehicle Speeds[R].England:TRL Project Report 18,Transport Research Laboratory,Crowthome.1993.
[21]Hallmark S.and Smith D.(2002).Temporary speed hump impact evaluation.Centre for Transportation Research and Education,USA.
[22]Tajudeen Abiola Ogunniyi Salau.Vehicle Speed Control Bumps[J].T.A.O.Salau et al/TRANSPORT-2004:130-136
[23]阿达姆,措莫托著,黄锡朋等译.汽车行驶性能[M].科学普及出版社,1992
[24]Reieher W..Correlation Analysis of Open/Closed loop Data for Objective Assessment of Handling Characteristics of Cars[A].SAE Paper[C]910238
[25]冯桂炎.交通管理中的速度控制[J].湖南现代道路交通,2000(6)
[26]郑芳.道路控速设施的设计及应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2008
[27]雷雨成.汽车系统动力学及仿真[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[28]中华人民共和国国家标准,汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法[S],GB/T4970-1996
[29]张玮.高等级公路强制控速设施开发研究[D].西安:长安大学汽车学院,2004
[30]中华人民共和国交通行业标准,路面橡胶减速带[S],JT/T 713-2008
[31]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西北工业大学出版社,2002
[32]梅奋永.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车操纵稳定性仿真研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005
[33]李军.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京理工大学出版社,2002
[34]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[35]陈立平,张云清,任卫群.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1
[36]戴旭文,谷中丽,刘剑.汽车双横臂独立悬架的运动学分析和计算[J].车辆与动力技术,2002.2
[37]《汽车工程师手册》编辑委员会.汽车工程师手册/设计篇/制造篇[M].人民交通出 版社,2001.5
[38][德]M.米奇克著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学A卷(第二版)[M].人民交通出版社,1992
[39][德]M.米奇克著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学C卷(第二版)[M].人民交通出版社,1996
[40]任卫群.车-路系统动力学中的虚拟样机--MSC.ADAMS软件应用实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[41]MSC.Running Suspension Analyses,Version 2007.1.0
[42]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[43]MSC.ADAMS/CAR Help,Version 2007.1.0
[44]MSC.Tutorials and Examples,Version 2007.1.0
[45]MSC.Getting Starting Using ADAMS/CAR,Version 2007.1.0
[46]MSC.ADAMS/CAR Training Guide,Version 12.0
[47]MSC.ADAMS/Tire Option,Version 2007.1.0
[48]李清波,符锌砂.道路规划与设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[49]孙立军等著.沥青路面结构行为理论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003
[50]刘伯莹,姚祖康主编.公路设计工程师手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[51]方同,薛璞著.振动理论及应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998
[52]刘惟信著.汽车车桥设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.284-354
[53]邹庆,杨新苗等.限速坡与减速带的设置标准研究[J].交通标准化·交通与安全.2007
[54]范成建等.虚拟样机软件MSC.ADAMS应用与提高[M].机械工业出版社,2006年
[2]B.Hale-Heighway,C.Murray,S.Douglas.Multi-body dynamic modeling of commercial vehicles[J].Computing & Control Engineering,Journal February 2002
[3]袁士杰,吕哲勤.多体系统动力学[M].北京理工大学出版社,1992
[4]汽车工程手册编辑委员会.汽车工程手册基础篇[M].人民交通出版社,2001.225-306
[5]刘浩学.汽车使用安全技术[M].人民交通出版社,2002
[6]中华人民共和国道路交通事故统计资料汇编(2000-2006)[G].北京:公安部交通管理局
[7]秦民.整车动力学控制仿真分析[D].吉林:吉林工业大学博士学位论文.2003
[8]Dvae Crolla,喻凡.车辆动力学及其控制[M].人民交通出版社,2004.1
[9]Broulheit G.."La Suspension de la Direction de la Voiture Automobile:Shimmy et Danadinement"("The Suspension of the Automobile Steering Mechanism:Shimmy and Tramp")[J],Societe des Ingenieurs Civils de France,bulletin 78,1925
[10]Becker G.A.,G.O.Burnham,H.Maruhn(1931)."Schwingunge Automobillenkungen"("Vibrations of the Steering Systems of Automobiles")[M].Kr-ayn.Berlin.
[11]Evans R.D.(1935)."Properties of tires affecting riding steering and handling[J]".Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers.36(2):41
[12]Olley M.(1937)."Suspension and Handling[J]".Engineering Report.General Motors Corp,May 1937
[13]陈荫三,魏朗.公路强制控速安全措施研究[J].公路交通科技.2005,10
[14]陈荫三,魏朗等.强制减速设施试验报告[R].长安大学.2002
[15]陈荫三,魏朗等.G312级咸永一级公路K1562-K1569段交通安全改善总结报告[R].长安大学.2004
[16]余志生主编.汽车理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社.1999
[17]佘守宪,赵雁.加加速度(加速度的时间变化率)-冲击、乘客舒适性、缓和曲线[M].物理与工程.2001
[18]郑凯等.ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006
[19]Jacqueline Corkle,Michael M.Investigating the Effectiveness of Traffice Calming Strategies on Driver Behavior,Traffic Flow and Speed[R].Technical Advisory Committee.2001,10
[20]D Webster.Road Humps for Controlling Vehicle Speeds[R].England:TRL Project Report 18,Transport Research Laboratory,Crowthome.1993.
[21]Hallmark S.and Smith D.(2002).Temporary speed hump impact evaluation.Centre for Transportation Research and Education,USA.
[22]Tajudeen Abiola Ogunniyi Salau.Vehicle Speed Control Bumps[J].T.A.O.Salau et al/TRANSPORT-2004:130-136
[23]阿达姆,措莫托著,黄锡朋等译.汽车行驶性能[M].科学普及出版社,1992
[24]Reieher W..Correlation Analysis of Open/Closed loop Data for Objective Assessment of Handling Characteristics of Cars[A].SAE Paper[C]910238
[25]冯桂炎.交通管理中的速度控制[J].湖南现代道路交通,2000(6)
[26]郑芳.道路控速设施的设计及应用研究[D].吉林大学硕士学位论文,2008
[27]雷雨成.汽车系统动力学及仿真[M].北京:国防工业出版社,1997
[28]中华人民共和国国家标准,汽车平顺性随机输入行驶试验方法[S],GB/T4970-1996
[29]张玮.高等级公路强制控速设施开发研究[D].西安:长安大学汽车学院,2004
[30]中华人民共和国交通行业标准,路面橡胶减速带[S],JT/T 713-2008
[31]王国强,张进平,马若丁.虚拟样机技术及其在ADAMS上的实践[M].西北工业大学出版社,2002
[32]梅奋永.基于虚拟样机技术的汽车操纵稳定性仿真研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文.2005
[33]李军.ADAMS实例教程[M].北京理工大学出版社,2002
[34]郑建荣.ADAMS虚拟样机技术入门与提高[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.1
[35]陈立平,张云清,任卫群.机械系统动力学分析及ADAMS应用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.1
[36]戴旭文,谷中丽,刘剑.汽车双横臂独立悬架的运动学分析和计算[J].车辆与动力技术,2002.2
[37]《汽车工程师手册》编辑委员会.汽车工程师手册/设计篇/制造篇[M].人民交通出 版社,2001.5
[38][德]M.米奇克著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学A卷(第二版)[M].人民交通出版社,1992
[39][德]M.米奇克著,陈荫三译.汽车动力学C卷(第二版)[M].人民交通出版社,1996
[40]任卫群.车-路系统动力学中的虚拟样机--MSC.ADAMS软件应用实践[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[41]MSC.Running Suspension Analyses,Version 2007.1.0
[42]王望予.汽车设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[43]MSC.ADAMS/CAR Help,Version 2007.1.0
[44]MSC.Tutorials and Examples,Version 2007.1.0
[45]MSC.Getting Starting Using ADAMS/CAR,Version 2007.1.0
[46]MSC.ADAMS/CAR Training Guide,Version 12.0
[47]MSC.ADAMS/Tire Option,Version 2007.1.0
[48]李清波,符锌砂.道路规划与设计[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2001
[49]孙立军等著.沥青路面结构行为理论[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2003
[50]刘伯莹,姚祖康主编.公路设计工程师手册[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2002
[51]方同,薛璞著.振动理论及应用[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998
[52]刘惟信著.汽车车桥设计[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2004.284-354
[53]邹庆,杨新苗等.限速坡与减速带的设置标准研究[J].交通标准化·交通与安全.2007
[54]范成建等.虚拟样机软件MSC.ADAMS应用与提高[M].机械工业出版社,2006年