声学法测量炉膛温度场系统的设计研究
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摘要
炉膛温度是电站锅炉重要的运行参数。声学法具有实时监测,操作简单,非接触等优点,是传统测温方法很好的替代产品。本文基于国内外研究现状,对声学法测温系统的设计进行了研究。
基于matlab平台,对普通互相关算法和高阶累积量算法进行仿真比较,指出在锅炉炉膛背景噪声条件下,使用高阶累积量法具有更好的准确性和抗干扰性,更适合用来测量声波飞渡时间。
比较电动声源的各种信号,发现伪随机序列信号和扫频信号互相关性符合测温信号要求,并且伪随机序列信号具有更好的抗噪性能,测量稳定性和准确性。
在实验室条件下,对比不同喷口口径喷流和电动扫频声源的指向性,得到结论:在模拟声学测温系统布置的各测点上气动声源比电动扫频声波各测点声压级波动大。
设计开发了采用模拟输入卡I/O,采用模拟输出卡的两种发声控制方式的电声源八通道声学测温系统,分析比较两套系统在硬件和软件系统设计上的优劣。实验室试验验证系统可靠性。并提出采用模拟输出卡的气动声源测温系统的设计思路。
Temperature field is a important reference for the operation of a power plant. Measuring method on acoustic has the property of on-line continuous measurement, non-intrusive measurement, which is a good replacement of traditional measuring methods. In this article, based on the former research, the design of the measuring system on acoustic method has been studied.
By simulation and experiment, the algorithm to measure sound wave time-of-delay, selection of the sound source and measuring signal were simulated and experimented. The conclusion is that the TDE method is more reliable and acurrate for the measuring system than the orginal Cross-correlation method.
The pseudo-random binary sequence(PRBS) and the chirp single are both suitable for the measuring system,in which PRBS signal has better property of antinoise.
Jet noise was studied,the sound-pressure-level field of different jet noise and sound from electric speaker are detected, the variance is larger from jet noise than from electric speaker chirp signal.
2 types of temperature measuring system were designed, whose sound output stretage are based on the I/O of the aquisition card and analogy output card. They are also experimented in lab condition, which were proved the feasibility. A design idea was metioned for the measuring system based on the jet noise.
基于matlab平台,对普通互相关算法和高阶累积量算法进行仿真比较,指出在锅炉炉膛背景噪声条件下,使用高阶累积量法具有更好的准确性和抗干扰性,更适合用来测量声波飞渡时间。
比较电动声源的各种信号,发现伪随机序列信号和扫频信号互相关性符合测温信号要求,并且伪随机序列信号具有更好的抗噪性能,测量稳定性和准确性。
在实验室条件下,对比不同喷口口径喷流和电动扫频声源的指向性,得到结论:在模拟声学测温系统布置的各测点上气动声源比电动扫频声波各测点声压级波动大。
设计开发了采用模拟输入卡I/O,采用模拟输出卡的两种发声控制方式的电声源八通道声学测温系统,分析比较两套系统在硬件和软件系统设计上的优劣。实验室试验验证系统可靠性。并提出采用模拟输出卡的气动声源测温系统的设计思路。
Temperature field is a important reference for the operation of a power plant. Measuring method on acoustic has the property of on-line continuous measurement, non-intrusive measurement, which is a good replacement of traditional measuring methods. In this article, based on the former research, the design of the measuring system on acoustic method has been studied.
By simulation and experiment, the algorithm to measure sound wave time-of-delay, selection of the sound source and measuring signal were simulated and experimented. The conclusion is that the TDE method is more reliable and acurrate for the measuring system than the orginal Cross-correlation method.
The pseudo-random binary sequence(PRBS) and the chirp single are both suitable for the measuring system,in which PRBS signal has better property of antinoise.
Jet noise was studied,the sound-pressure-level field of different jet noise and sound from electric speaker are detected, the variance is larger from jet noise than from electric speaker chirp signal.
2 types of temperature measuring system were designed, whose sound output stretage are based on the I/O of the aquisition card and analogy output card. They are also experimented in lab condition, which were proved the feasibility. A design idea was metioned for the measuring system based on the jet noise.
引文
[1]孙学信.燃煤锅炉燃烧试验技术与方法.北京:中国电力出版社,2002.
[2]周怀春.炉内火焰可视化检测原理与技术.北京:科学出版社,2005,233-234.
[3]Hilleman,D.D.,Marcin,P.E.,Kleppe,J.A.Application of Acoustic Pyrometry as a Replacement for Thermal Probes in Large Gas & Oil Fired Utility Boilers.in Power-Gen Americas '93.1993.
[4]周怀春,娄春生等.炉膛火焰温度场图象处理试验研究.中国电机工程学报,1995,15(5):295-299
[5]王飞,薛飞等.运用彩色CCD测量火焰温度场的试验研究及误差分析.热能动力工程,1998,13(2):81-84
[6]Kleppe,J.A.The Reduction of NOx and NH3 "SLIP" in Waste-To-Energy Boilers Using Acoustic Pyrometry.in Power GenAmericas '93.1993.Dallas,USA.
[7]李言钦,周怀春,何其伟.采用声波法监测四角切圆流场二维分布特性的模拟研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):215-219
[8]李言钦,周.声波法监测锅炉炉膛二维复杂空气动力场的模拟研究.动力工程,2004,24(6):836-839
[9]H.Sielschott.Mesurement of horizontal flow in a large scale furnace using acoustic vector tomography.Flow Meas.Instrum.,1997,8(1):91-197
[10]H.Sielschott,W.D.Tomography with few data:Use of collocation methods in acoustic pyrometry,in ECMI'94:Student Proceedings.1996.Kaiserslautern.
[11]Helmut Sielschott,W.D.Use of collocation methods under inclusion of a priori information in acoustic pyrometry,in Proc.European Concerted Action on Process Tomography.1995.Bergen,Norway.
[12]李言钦,周怀春,周红新.声波法监测炉内二维速度场冷模实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13):117-122
[13]A.V.Woodham,S.F.G.a.,Rapid Furnace Temperature Distribution Measurement by Sonic Pyrometry,C.Report,Editor.1983,MaTchwood Engineering Laboratories:Southampton,UK.
[14]S.F.Green.Acoustic temperature & velocity measurement in combustion gases,in Proc.Eighth Int.Heat Transfer Conf.1986.San Francisco,USA.
[15]S.F.Green.An Acoustic rechnique for Rapid Temperature Distribution Measurement.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77(2):759-764
[16]L.J.Muzio,D.E.,S.F.Green.Acoustic pyrometry:newboiler diagnostic tool.Power Engineering,1989,93(11):49-52
[17]Kleppe,J.A.Engineering Application of Acoustics.New York:Artech House,1989.
[18]Kleppe,J.A.The Application of Digital Signal Processing to Acoustic Pyrometry.in The 7th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings.1996.Loen,Norway.
[19]CODEL.Acoustic Pyrometer.Sensor Review,1999,19(2):148-149
[20]G.Kychakoff,A.F.H.,S.P.Boyd.Use of Acoustic Temperature Measurements inTthe Cement Manufacturing Pyroprocess.in 2005 IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference.2005.Kansas City,Missouri,USA.
[21]冯鸣翻译.声学高温计—锅炉诊断的新工具.发电设备,1990,4:33-36
[22]邵富群,吴建云.声学法复杂温度场的重组测量.控制与决策,1999,14(2):120-124
[23]田丰,邵富群,王福利.基于声波的工业炉温度场测量技术.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2001,18(3):10-11
[24]田丰,邵富群,王福利等.基于弯曲路径的复杂温度场重建算法仿真研究.系统仿真学报,2003,15(5):621-623
[25]田丰,孙小平,邵富群等.基于高斯函数与正则化法的复杂温度场图像重建算法研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):212-220
[26]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山.炉膛烟气温度声学测量方法的研究与进展.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(s1):555-558
[27]沈国清,安连锁,张波等.声学法重建炉内温度场的算法研究.锅炉技术,2005,36(6):52-54
[28]姜根山,安连锁,杨昆.温度梯度场中声线传播路径数值研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(10):210-214
[29]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山等.基于声学CT重建炉膛二维温度场的仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(2):11-14
[30]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山等.电站锅炉声学测温中时间延迟估计的仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(13):
[31]安连锁,沈国清,姜根山等.炉内烟气温度声学测量及其温度场的确定.热力发电,2004,33(9):40-42
[32]Liansuo An,G.S.,and Genshan Jiang.Research on(;as Temperature Measurement and Temperature Fields Construction by Acoustic Pyrometry in Boiler.in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Coal Combustion.2003.Nanjinx,China.
[33]刘立云,田丰,李治壮,孙恩岩.基于互相关技术的声波飞行时间测量系统的设计与实现.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005,22(1):57-59
[34]刘彤,荆欣,庞力平.发展中的锅炉炉内温度测量技术.现代电力,2002,19(4):14-20
[35]张惠良,荣冈.电容层析成像中图像重建算法评述.仪器仪表学报,2005,26(3):325-330
[36]黄小为,吴传生,朱华平.求解不适定问题的TSVD正则化方法.武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(2):90-92
[37]江南,黄建国,王静等.实时广义相关时延估计器.同济大学学报,2002,30(10):1277-1280
[38]张晓东,高波,宋之平.互相关函数法在声学测温技术中的应用研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):185-188
[39]伊藤文夫,坂井正康.Fundamental studies of acoustic measurement and reconstructing combustion temperature in large boilers.日本机械工程师学会论文集B篇,1986,53(489):1610-1614
[40]沈国清,安连锁,张波等.电站锅炉声学测温中的声源选择及其声信号互相关特性分析.现代电力,2006,23(3):41-46
[41]吴明捷,杜天苍.伪随机码及计算机的产生.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21(2):203-206
[42]郭海燕,毕红军.MATLAB在伪随机码的生成及仿真中的应用.计算机仿真,2004,21(3):149-152
[43]陈海龙,李宏.基于MATLAB的伪随机序列的产生和分析.计算机仿真,2005,22(5):98-100
[44]姜根山,田静.发展中的声波除灰技术.华北电力大学学报,1999,26(3):90-95
[45]赵玉坤.锅炉声波吹灰器应用探讨.电站系统工程,1998,14(9):33-35
[46]Woodruff S L,S.J.M.Implementation of new turbulence spectra in the Lighthill analogy source terms.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,242(2):197-214
[47]Bridges J,H.F.Effects of nozzle body on jet noise.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,188(3):407-418
[48]J,L.M.On generated aerodynamically:Ⅱ Turbulence as a source of sound.Proc Roy Soc,1952,A2(11):1-32
[49]J,L.M.On sound generated aerodynamically:I General theory.Proc Roy Soc,1952,1952(A211):564-587
[50]M,L.G.Aerodynamic noise.Aerodynamical Journal,1984,3):215-223
[51]张彬乾,张正科.射流噪声场特性的实验研究.西北工业大学学报,1993,11(4):494-498
[52]郑克杨,桂辛民.喷流噪声特性与控制研究.北京航空航天大学学报,1991,2:72-78
[53]向宇,郭烈锦.气液两相雾化器喷雾噪声频谱特性的实验研究.西安交通大学学报,1998,32(11):49-57
[54]Fisher M J,P.G.A.A modelling of the noise from simple coaxial jets:Ⅱ.With heated primary flow.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1984,209(3):405-417
[55]Fisher M J,P.G.A.A modelling of the noise from simple coaxial jets:I.With unheated primary flow.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1984,209(3):385-403
[56]Q,Z.K.B.M.Flow Field and Near and Far Sound Field of a Subsonic Jet.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1986,106(1):1-16
[57]马大猷.调制气流声源的原理.物理学报,1974,23:1
[58]谷嘉锦.高声强声源及其应用.声学技术,1997,16(1):9-13
[2]周怀春.炉内火焰可视化检测原理与技术.北京:科学出版社,2005,233-234.
[3]Hilleman,D.D.,Marcin,P.E.,Kleppe,J.A.Application of Acoustic Pyrometry as a Replacement for Thermal Probes in Large Gas & Oil Fired Utility Boilers.in Power-Gen Americas '93.1993.
[4]周怀春,娄春生等.炉膛火焰温度场图象处理试验研究.中国电机工程学报,1995,15(5):295-299
[5]王飞,薛飞等.运用彩色CCD测量火焰温度场的试验研究及误差分析.热能动力工程,1998,13(2):81-84
[6]Kleppe,J.A.The Reduction of NOx and NH3 "SLIP" in Waste-To-Energy Boilers Using Acoustic Pyrometry.in Power GenAmericas '93.1993.Dallas,USA.
[7]李言钦,周怀春,何其伟.采用声波法监测四角切圆流场二维分布特性的模拟研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(11):215-219
[8]李言钦,周.声波法监测锅炉炉膛二维复杂空气动力场的模拟研究.动力工程,2004,24(6):836-839
[9]H.Sielschott.Mesurement of horizontal flow in a large scale furnace using acoustic vector tomography.Flow Meas.Instrum.,1997,8(1):91-197
[10]H.Sielschott,W.D.Tomography with few data:Use of collocation methods in acoustic pyrometry,in ECMI'94:Student Proceedings.1996.Kaiserslautern.
[11]Helmut Sielschott,W.D.Use of collocation methods under inclusion of a priori information in acoustic pyrometry,in Proc.European Concerted Action on Process Tomography.1995.Bergen,Norway.
[12]李言钦,周怀春,周红新.声波法监测炉内二维速度场冷模实验研究.中国电机工程学报,2006,26(13):117-122
[13]A.V.Woodham,S.F.G.a.,Rapid Furnace Temperature Distribution Measurement by Sonic Pyrometry,C.Report,Editor.1983,MaTchwood Engineering Laboratories:Southampton,UK.
[14]S.F.Green.Acoustic temperature & velocity measurement in combustion gases,in Proc.Eighth Int.Heat Transfer Conf.1986.San Francisco,USA.
[15]S.F.Green.An Acoustic rechnique for Rapid Temperature Distribution Measurement.J.Acoust.Soc.Am.,1985,77(2):759-764
[16]L.J.Muzio,D.E.,S.F.Green.Acoustic pyrometry:newboiler diagnostic tool.Power Engineering,1989,93(11):49-52
[17]Kleppe,J.A.Engineering Application of Acoustics.New York:Artech House,1989.
[18]Kleppe,J.A.The Application of Digital Signal Processing to Acoustic Pyrometry.in The 7th IEEE Digital Signal Processing Workshop Proceedings.1996.Loen,Norway.
[19]CODEL.Acoustic Pyrometer.Sensor Review,1999,19(2):148-149
[20]G.Kychakoff,A.F.H.,S.P.Boyd.Use of Acoustic Temperature Measurements inTthe Cement Manufacturing Pyroprocess.in 2005 IEEE Cement Industry Technical Conference.2005.Kansas City,Missouri,USA.
[21]冯鸣翻译.声学高温计—锅炉诊断的新工具.发电设备,1990,4:33-36
[22]邵富群,吴建云.声学法复杂温度场的重组测量.控制与决策,1999,14(2):120-124
[23]田丰,邵富群,王福利.基于声波的工业炉温度场测量技术.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2001,18(3):10-11
[24]田丰,邵富群,王福利等.基于弯曲路径的复杂温度场重建算法仿真研究.系统仿真学报,2003,15(5):621-623
[25]田丰,孙小平,邵富群等.基于高斯函数与正则化法的复杂温度场图像重建算法研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(5):212-220
[26]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山.炉膛烟气温度声学测量方法的研究与进展.仪器仪表学报,2003,24(s1):555-558
[27]沈国清,安连锁,张波等.声学法重建炉内温度场的算法研究.锅炉技术,2005,36(6):52-54
[28]姜根山,安连锁,杨昆.温度梯度场中声线传播路径数值研究.中国电机工程学报,2004,24(10):210-214
[29]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山等.基于声学CT重建炉膛二维温度场的仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(2):11-14
[30]沈国清,安连锁,姜根山等.电站锅炉声学测温中时间延迟估计的仿真研究.中国电机工程学报,2007,27(13):
[31]安连锁,沈国清,姜根山等.炉内烟气温度声学测量及其温度场的确定.热力发电,2004,33(9):40-42
[32]Liansuo An,G.S.,and Genshan Jiang.Research on(;as Temperature Measurement and Temperature Fields Construction by Acoustic Pyrometry in Boiler.in Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Coal Combustion.2003.Nanjinx,China.
[33]刘立云,田丰,李治壮,孙恩岩.基于互相关技术的声波飞行时间测量系统的设计与实现.沈阳航空工业学院学报,2005,22(1):57-59
[34]刘彤,荆欣,庞力平.发展中的锅炉炉内温度测量技术.现代电力,2002,19(4):14-20
[35]张惠良,荣冈.电容层析成像中图像重建算法评述.仪器仪表学报,2005,26(3):325-330
[36]黄小为,吴传生,朱华平.求解不适定问题的TSVD正则化方法.武汉理工大学学报,2005,27(2):90-92
[37]江南,黄建国,王静等.实时广义相关时延估计器.同济大学学报,2002,30(10):1277-1280
[38]张晓东,高波,宋之平.互相关函数法在声学测温技术中的应用研究.中国电机工程学报,2003,23(4):185-188
[39]伊藤文夫,坂井正康.Fundamental studies of acoustic measurement and reconstructing combustion temperature in large boilers.日本机械工程师学会论文集B篇,1986,53(489):1610-1614
[40]沈国清,安连锁,张波等.电站锅炉声学测温中的声源选择及其声信号互相关特性分析.现代电力,2006,23(3):41-46
[41]吴明捷,杜天苍.伪随机码及计算机的产生.辽宁工程技术大学学报,2002,21(2):203-206
[42]郭海燕,毕红军.MATLAB在伪随机码的生成及仿真中的应用.计算机仿真,2004,21(3):149-152
[43]陈海龙,李宏.基于MATLAB的伪随机序列的产生和分析.计算机仿真,2005,22(5):98-100
[44]姜根山,田静.发展中的声波除灰技术.华北电力大学学报,1999,26(3):90-95
[45]赵玉坤.锅炉声波吹灰器应用探讨.电站系统工程,1998,14(9):33-35
[46]Woodruff S L,S.J.M.Implementation of new turbulence spectra in the Lighthill analogy source terms.Journal of Sound and Vibration,2001,242(2):197-214
[47]Bridges J,H.F.Effects of nozzle body on jet noise.Journal of Sound and Vibration,1995,188(3):407-418
[48]J,L.M.On generated aerodynamically:Ⅱ Turbulence as a source of sound.Proc Roy Soc,1952,A2(11):1-32
[49]J,L.M.On sound generated aerodynamically:I General theory.Proc Roy Soc,1952,1952(A211):564-587
[50]M,L.G.Aerodynamic noise.Aerodynamical Journal,1984,3):215-223
[51]张彬乾,张正科.射流噪声场特性的实验研究.西北工业大学学报,1993,11(4):494-498
[52]郑克杨,桂辛民.喷流噪声特性与控制研究.北京航空航天大学学报,1991,2:72-78
[53]向宇,郭烈锦.气液两相雾化器喷雾噪声频谱特性的实验研究.西安交通大学学报,1998,32(11):49-57
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