ZA52镁合金细化及半固态成形研究
摘要
MgZnA1系镁合金由于具有高温性能较好、成本较低和较好的铸造性能等优势，被认为是一种具有发展前途的高温抗蠕变镁合金。本文以有色合金半固态成型技术为背景，研究开发了适合半固态触变成型的新型ZA52镁合金，并用Ca、Sr对其进行了细化，对细化后合金进行性能分析，优化了细化工艺；对细化后合金进行半固态处理，制备压铸浆料；最后进行压铸实验，对压铸件进行性能分析。
首先主要对合金进行细化处理，结果表明：细化温度为760℃，浇注温度为700℃时，Ca、Sr加入量分别为0.2%和0.1%时细化效果比较好。经过细化剂Ca细化后，当加入量为0.2%Ca时，平均晶粒尺寸为85μm，铸态和T6后抗拉强度分别为为233MPa、279MPa，延伸率分别为12.4%、13.6%。经过细化剂Sr细化后，当加入量为0.1%Ca时，平均晶粒尺寸为96μm，铸态和T6后抗拉强度分别为为211MPa、246MPa，延伸率分别为11.8%、12.5%。
经过Ca、Sr细化后的ZA52镁合金进行半固态处理后，保温温度为600℃和590℃保温时间50min时，得到的半固态浆料的球状组织圆整，均匀、细小。
在半固态压铸最佳固相率范围（40%60%）内，考察了不同固相率、不同压射速度对压铸件性能的影响，结果表明：在此范围内，固相率越低铸件性能越好。压射速度较低或较高时，压铸件很容易形成缺陷，影响性能。当压射速度为3m/s时，压铸件力学性能较好为189MPa，压铸件的断裂方式以沿晶脆性断裂为主。
Because of the good high temperature performance,low cost and good casting properties,Mg-Zn-Al magnesium alloy is considered to be a promising magnesium alloy with high temperature resistance to creep.Taking nonferrous alloy semi-solid forming technology for background, this paper study and develop the new type ZA52magnesium alloy,which is suitable for the of semi-solid forming, and refined by Ca, Sr, Then the properties of refined alloy is analyzed and the process is optimized; After semi solid material processing,prepare semi-solid slurry for die casting; After die casting experiments, the performance of die casting is analyzed.
First, the alloy is refined, and the results show that:when refining temperature is760℃, pouring temperature is700℃, the amount of Ca, Sr is0.2%and0.1%respectively, refined effect of the alloy is better. After refined by Ca, when the content of Ca is0.2%, the average grain size for85μm, tensile strength of as-cast and T6processed were233MPa,279MPa, elongation rate were12.4%and13.6%. After refined by Sr, with the content0.1%Ca, the average grain size isr96μm, tensile strength of as-cast and T6processed were for211MPa,246MPa, elongation rate were11.8%and12.5%.
After semi-solid treatment for refined ZA52magnesium alloy by Ca and Sr, heating temperature of600℃and590℃, holding time50min, solid state ball roundness of the organization, fine and smaller.
In semi-solid casting best in steady rheological solid range (40%-60%) inside, study the different solid content, different injection speed on the influence on the performance of the die casting, the results show that in the range, the lower in steady rheological solid content, the better casting performance. Injection speed is lower or higher, die casting is very easy to form defects, impact performance. When the injection speed of3m/s, die casting mechanics performance is good for189MPa. the main fracture means of die casting is the intergranular brittle fracture primarily.
首先主要对合金进行细化处理，结果表明：细化温度为760℃，浇注温度为700℃时，Ca、Sr加入量分别为0.2%和0.1%时细化效果比较好。经过细化剂Ca细化后，当加入量为0.2%Ca时，平均晶粒尺寸为85μm，铸态和T6后抗拉强度分别为为233MPa、279MPa，延伸率分别为12.4%、13.6%。经过细化剂Sr细化后，当加入量为0.1%Ca时，平均晶粒尺寸为96μm，铸态和T6后抗拉强度分别为为211MPa、246MPa，延伸率分别为11.8%、12.5%。
经过Ca、Sr细化后的ZA52镁合金进行半固态处理后，保温温度为600℃和590℃保温时间50min时，得到的半固态浆料的球状组织圆整，均匀、细小。
在半固态压铸最佳固相率范围（40%60%）内，考察了不同固相率、不同压射速度对压铸件性能的影响，结果表明：在此范围内，固相率越低铸件性能越好。压射速度较低或较高时，压铸件很容易形成缺陷，影响性能。当压射速度为3m/s时，压铸件力学性能较好为189MPa，压铸件的断裂方式以沿晶脆性断裂为主。
Because of the good high temperature performance,low cost and good casting properties,Mg-Zn-Al magnesium alloy is considered to be a promising magnesium alloy with high temperature resistance to creep.Taking nonferrous alloy semi-solid forming technology for background, this paper study and develop the new type ZA52magnesium alloy,which is suitable for the of semi-solid forming, and refined by Ca, Sr, Then the properties of refined alloy is analyzed and the process is optimized; After semi solid material processing,prepare semi-solid slurry for die casting; After die casting experiments, the performance of die casting is analyzed.
First, the alloy is refined, and the results show that:when refining temperature is760℃, pouring temperature is700℃, the amount of Ca, Sr is0.2%and0.1%respectively, refined effect of the alloy is better. After refined by Ca, when the content of Ca is0.2%, the average grain size for85μm, tensile strength of as-cast and T6processed were233MPa,279MPa, elongation rate were12.4%and13.6%. After refined by Sr, with the content0.1%Ca, the average grain size isr96μm, tensile strength of as-cast and T6processed were for211MPa,246MPa, elongation rate were11.8%and12.5%.
After semi-solid treatment for refined ZA52magnesium alloy by Ca and Sr, heating temperature of600℃and590℃, holding time50min, solid state ball roundness of the organization, fine and smaller.
In semi-solid casting best in steady rheological solid range (40%-60%) inside, study the different solid content, different injection speed on the influence on the performance of the die casting, the results show that in the range, the lower in steady rheological solid content, the better casting performance. Injection speed is lower or higher, die casting is very easy to form defects, impact performance. When the injection speed of3m/s, die casting mechanics performance is good for189MPa. the main fracture means of die casting is the intergranular brittle fracture primarily.
引文
[1]柴跃升,孙刚,梁爱生.镁及镁合金生产知识问答[M].北京,冶金工业出版社,2005.3-4
[2]张津,张宗和等.镁合金及应用[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2004.43-43
[3]丁文江,彭立明,付彭怀,等.高性能镁合金及其成形加工技术与应用研究进展[J].新材料产业,2008(2)
[4]陈振华等编著.镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[5]左铁镛.21世纪的轻质结构材料镁及镁合金的发展[J].新材料产业,2007（12）
[6]潘复生,张津,张喜燕,等.轻合金材料新技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.1
[7]Z.Zhang,A.Couture.Investigation of the properties of Mg-Zn-Alalloys[J].Scripta Materialia,1998,39(1):45
[8]张青辉,黄维刚,郑天群,等.热处理对Mg-Zn-Al合金力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2007,36(8)62-67
[9]杨明波,潘复生.白亮,等.热处理工艺对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn合金组织和性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2007,32(10)62-65
[10]杨明波,潘复生,李忠盛,等.Zn与Al质量比对Mg-Zn-Al三元镁合金铸态组织和凝固行为的影响[J].中国有色金报,2008,18(7):1191-1198
[11]杨明波,潘复生,汤爱涛,等.Mg-Zn-Al(ZA)系耐热镁合金的研究现状[J].热加工工艺,2007,36(8):73-77
[12]陈吉华,陈振华,严红革,等.Mg-Zn-Al合金的组织稳定性与力学性能[J].湖南大学学报,2007,34(1):47-51
[13]胡汉起主编,金属凝固原理[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[14]许并社,李明照.镁冶炼与镁合金熔炼工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社，2006.3-4
[15]赵玮霖,杨明波,潘复生,白亮等，合金元素对Mg-Zn-Al(ZA)系耐热镁合金组织及性能的影响[J],材料导报2007,21(7)70-73
[16]樊昱,吴国华,高洪涛,等.Ca对镁合金组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(2):210-216
[17]杨光昱,郝启堂,介万奇,等.Mg-ｘCa-5Zn-3Al-0.2Mn镁合金砂型铸造组织和力学性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(2):217-222
[18]李长青,李全发,张兴渊,等.Ca在耐热镁合金中的应用[J].材料热处理技术,2010（16）：34-37.
[19]白星,胡文俊,张立强,王冠,李落星.Sr对AZ91镁合金组织及力学性能的影响[J];中国有色金属学报,2008（9）：1596-06.
[20] ZHANG Jing, HE Qu-bo, PAN Fu-sheng. Effects of erbium onmicr ostructure and mechani cal properties of as-cast Mg-7An-3Alalloy[J].Trans.Nonferrous Me t.Soc.Chi na,2008(18):22-26.
[21]何曲波,张静,左汝林,等.Er对ZA73镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2009,29(3):273-276.
[22]黄晓锋,曹喜娟,阎峰云,马颖.钇对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国稀土学报，2009,27(4):552-557.
[23] N.Balasubrama ni, A. Srinivasan, and U.T.S. Pillai. Effect of antimonyaddition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84magnesium alloy,J.Alloys Compd,455(2008),No.1-2,p.168
[24] Mingbo Yang, Liang Bai, Fusheng Pan. Effects of heat treatment on the microstructureand mechanical properties of ZA84magnesium alloy[J].Journal of University ofScience and Technology Bejing,2008,15(6):747-752.
[25]林再学.现代铸造造法[M]北京航空工业出版社,1991.
[26] Z. Fan. Development of the rheo-diecasting process for ma gnesiumalloys [J]. Materials Science a nd Engine ering A413–414(2005),72-78.
[27] S.G. Lee, G.R. Patel, A.M. Gokha le.Inverse sur face macr o-segregationin high-pressure di e-cast AM60magnesium al loy and i ts effects o nfati gue be havior [J]. Scri pta Materiali a.2005(52):1063-1068.
[28]阎峰云,强旭东,张玉海,黄晓锋等.AZ91D镁合金触变成形压铸工艺[J].中国有色金属学报.2008,18(4):595-600.
[29]李元东,陈体军,马颖,等.触变成形AZ91D镁合金的组织与二次凝固行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(1):18-23.
[30] H. Moller, G. Govender, W. E. St umpf. The natural and arti fici al agi ngresponse of semi-solid metal pr oc essed all oy A356. Soli d St atePhenomena,2008,141-143:737-742.
[31] FanZ.Semisolid Metal Processing[J].Int.Ma ter.Rev.2002,47(2):49-55
[32] Kumar P, Mart in C L, Brown S B. Shear rat e thic keni ng fl ow behavi orof se mi-s olid sl urri es[J].M etall Tr ans,1993,24A:1107-1112
[33]康永林,毛卫民,胡壮麒.金属材料半固态加工理论与技术[M].北京：科技出版社,2004:51-63.
[34]赵祖德,罗守靖.轻合金半固态成形技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[35] Klei ner S, Be ffort O, Uggowitzer P J. Micr ostruct ure evol ution duri ngreheating of a n e xtr uded M g-Al-Zn all oy i nto the semisol id stat e [J].Scripta M aterialia,2004,51:405-410.
[36] M.T.Shehata, E Essadiqi, V Ka o. Thixoc asting and ThixoforgingofMagne sium AZ91D Alloy.Proce edings of the7th on Se mi-s olidProcessing of Alloys and Co mposites [C]. Tsukuba,(Japa n).
[37] Turkeli A, Akbas N. Formation of Nondendritic structure in7075Wr ought Alumi num Alloy by SIM A Process and Effect of HeatTreat ment Proceeding of the4t h Internat ional Conference onSe mi-soli d Process ing of Al loys a nd Composit es She ffi eld, the UK,June1996:71-74.
[38]谢水生,李兴刚.半固态加工技术在镁合金零部件生产中的应用[J].世界有色金属,2005(2):39-48.
[39] Wa ng J G., Lin H Q, Wang H Y, et al. Effe cts of di fferent pr oc essingpara meter s on the s e misolid microstructure of t he AZ91D alloy dur ingpartial remelting [J]. Journal of All oys and Comp ounds.466(1-2),98-105.
[40] Fl e mings M C. Behavior of met al alloys in the semi-solid state. MetalTrans.1991,22(A)(5):957-98
[41] Shi bata R. SSM Activit ies in Japan. Proce edings of the5t h I nt,Conf.On Se mi-Solid Pr ocessi ng of Alloys and Composites. Golden,Colra do,USA,1998.
[42] A study on r eheating characteristi cs for thi xo die ca s ting proce ss withelectromagnetic sti rring and extruded aluminum all oys and theirmechanical propert ies P. K. Seo&C. G. Kang&S. M. Lee Int J AdvManuf Te chnol (2009)43:48.
[43] Commercial AM60alloy for semisolid processing:Alloy opti mizati onand t her modyna mic analysi s, LI Yuan-dong,D. APELI AN,XING Bo,M AYing,HAO Yuan, Trans.Nonferrous Me t.soc.China20(2010)1572-1578.
[44] T. J. Che n, Y. Ma, Y. D. Li, Y. Hao. Effect of processing para met e rs onwear beha viors of t hixofor me d AZ91D ma gnesi um all oy. Mater. De s.,2009,30(2):235-244.
[45] Yan Fengyun, Sun Liping, Gong Yi, Hao Yuan. Steady st ate rheologi calcharacteri stic of semisolid magnesi um alloy. Journal of MaterialsScience a nd Te chnology,2007,23(5):637-640.
[2]张津,张宗和等.镁合金及应用[M].北京:化工工业出版社,2004.43-43
[3]丁文江,彭立明,付彭怀,等.高性能镁合金及其成形加工技术与应用研究进展[J].新材料产业,2008(2)
[4]陈振华等编著.镁合金[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[5]左铁镛.21世纪的轻质结构材料镁及镁合金的发展[J].新材料产业,2007（12）
[6]潘复生,张津,张喜燕,等.轻合金材料新技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2008.1
[7]Z.Zhang,A.Couture.Investigation of the properties of Mg-Zn-Alalloys[J].Scripta Materialia,1998,39(1):45
[8]张青辉,黄维刚,郑天群,等.热处理对Mg-Zn-Al合金力学性能的影响[J].热加工工艺,2007,36(8)62-67
[9]杨明波,潘复生.白亮,等.热处理工艺对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.25Mn合金组织和性能的影响[J].金属热处理,2007,32(10)62-65
[10]杨明波,潘复生,李忠盛,等.Zn与Al质量比对Mg-Zn-Al三元镁合金铸态组织和凝固行为的影响[J].中国有色金报,2008,18(7):1191-1198
[11]杨明波,潘复生,汤爱涛,等.Mg-Zn-Al(ZA)系耐热镁合金的研究现状[J].热加工工艺,2007,36(8):73-77
[12]陈吉华,陈振华,严红革,等.Mg-Zn-Al合金的组织稳定性与力学性能[J].湖南大学学报,2007,34(1):47-51
[13]胡汉起主编,金属凝固原理[M],北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[14]许并社,李明照.镁冶炼与镁合金熔炼工艺[M].北京:化学工业出版社，2006.3-4
[15]赵玮霖,杨明波,潘复生,白亮等，合金元素对Mg-Zn-Al(ZA)系耐热镁合金组织及性能的影响[J],材料导报2007,21(7)70-73
[16]樊昱,吴国华,高洪涛,等.Ca对镁合金组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响[J].中国有色金属学报,2005,15(2):210-216
[17]杨光昱,郝启堂,介万奇,等.Mg-ｘCa-5Zn-3Al-0.2Mn镁合金砂型铸造组织和力学性能研究[J].稀有金属材料与工程,2006,35(2):217-222
[18]李长青,李全发,张兴渊,等.Ca在耐热镁合金中的应用[J].材料热处理技术,2010（16）：34-37.
[19]白星,胡文俊,张立强,王冠,李落星.Sr对AZ91镁合金组织及力学性能的影响[J];中国有色金属学报,2008（9）：1596-06.
[20] ZHANG Jing, HE Qu-bo, PAN Fu-sheng. Effects of erbium onmicr ostructure and mechani cal properties of as-cast Mg-7An-3Alalloy[J].Trans.Nonferrous Me t.Soc.Chi na,2008(18):22-26.
[21]何曲波,张静,左汝林,等.Er对ZA73镁合金显微组织与力学性能的影响[J].特种铸造及有色合金,2009,29(3):273-276.
[22]黄晓锋,曹喜娟,阎峰云,马颖.钇对Mg-5Zn-2Al合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国稀土学报，2009,27(4):552-557.
[23] N.Balasubrama ni, A. Srinivasan, and U.T.S. Pillai. Effect of antimonyaddition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of ZA84magnesium alloy,J.Alloys Compd,455(2008),No.1-2,p.168
[24] Mingbo Yang, Liang Bai, Fusheng Pan. Effects of heat treatment on the microstructureand mechanical properties of ZA84magnesium alloy[J].Journal of University ofScience and Technology Bejing,2008,15(6):747-752.
[25]林再学.现代铸造造法[M]北京航空工业出版社,1991.
[26] Z. Fan. Development of the rheo-diecasting process for ma gnesiumalloys [J]. Materials Science a nd Engine ering A413–414(2005),72-78.
[27] S.G. Lee, G.R. Patel, A.M. Gokha le.Inverse sur face macr o-segregationin high-pressure di e-cast AM60magnesium al loy and i ts effects o nfati gue be havior [J]. Scri pta Materiali a.2005(52):1063-1068.
[28]阎峰云,强旭东,张玉海,黄晓锋等.AZ91D镁合金触变成形压铸工艺[J].中国有色金属学报.2008,18(4):595-600.
[29]李元东,陈体军,马颖,等.触变成形AZ91D镁合金的组织与二次凝固行为[J].中国有色金属学报,2008,18(1):18-23.
[30] H. Moller, G. Govender, W. E. St umpf. The natural and arti fici al agi ngresponse of semi-solid metal pr oc essed all oy A356. Soli d St atePhenomena,2008,141-143:737-742.
[31] FanZ.Semisolid Metal Processing[J].Int.Ma ter.Rev.2002,47(2):49-55
[32] Kumar P, Mart in C L, Brown S B. Shear rat e thic keni ng fl ow behavi orof se mi-s olid sl urri es[J].M etall Tr ans,1993,24A:1107-1112
[33]康永林,毛卫民,胡壮麒.金属材料半固态加工理论与技术[M].北京：科技出版社,2004:51-63.
[34]赵祖德,罗守靖.轻合金半固态成形技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2007.
[35] Klei ner S, Be ffort O, Uggowitzer P J. Micr ostruct ure evol ution duri ngreheating of a n e xtr uded M g-Al-Zn all oy i nto the semisol id stat e [J].Scripta M aterialia,2004,51:405-410.
[36] M.T.Shehata, E Essadiqi, V Ka o. Thixoc asting and ThixoforgingofMagne sium AZ91D Alloy.Proce edings of the7th on Se mi-s olidProcessing of Alloys and Co mposites [C]. Tsukuba,(Japa n).
[37] Turkeli A, Akbas N. Formation of Nondendritic structure in7075Wr ought Alumi num Alloy by SIM A Process and Effect of HeatTreat ment Proceeding of the4t h Internat ional Conference onSe mi-soli d Process ing of Al loys a nd Composit es She ffi eld, the UK,June1996:71-74.
[38]谢水生,李兴刚.半固态加工技术在镁合金零部件生产中的应用[J].世界有色金属,2005(2):39-48.
[39] Wa ng J G., Lin H Q, Wang H Y, et al. Effe cts of di fferent pr oc essingpara meter s on the s e misolid microstructure of t he AZ91D alloy dur ingpartial remelting [J]. Journal of All oys and Comp ounds.466(1-2),98-105.
[40] Fl e mings M C. Behavior of met al alloys in the semi-solid state. MetalTrans.1991,22(A)(5):957-98
[41] Shi bata R. SSM Activit ies in Japan. Proce edings of the5t h I nt,Conf.On Se mi-Solid Pr ocessi ng of Alloys and Composites. Golden,Colra do,USA,1998.
[42] A study on r eheating characteristi cs for thi xo die ca s ting proce ss withelectromagnetic sti rring and extruded aluminum all oys and theirmechanical propert ies P. K. Seo&C. G. Kang&S. M. Lee Int J AdvManuf Te chnol (2009)43:48.
[43] Commercial AM60alloy for semisolid processing:Alloy opti mizati onand t her modyna mic analysi s, LI Yuan-dong,D. APELI AN,XING Bo,M AYing,HAO Yuan, Trans.Nonferrous Me t.soc.China20(2010)1572-1578.
[44] T. J. Che n, Y. Ma, Y. D. Li, Y. Hao. Effect of processing para met e rs onwear beha viors of t hixofor me d AZ91D ma gnesi um all oy. Mater. De s.,2009,30(2):235-244.
[45] Yan Fengyun, Sun Liping, Gong Yi, Hao Yuan. Steady st ate rheologi calcharacteri stic of semisolid magnesi um alloy. Journal of MaterialsScience a nd Te chnology,2007,23(5):637-640.