基于调频广播信号的外辐射源雷达自适应滤波算法研究
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摘要
基于外辐射源(广播、电视、手机等民用机会照射源)的双/多基地雷达本身不辐射电磁波,同时具有潜在的抗干扰性、抗反辐射导弹、抗低空防御和反隐身目标的能力,因而其发展前景良好。本文对基于调频广播外辐射源雷达信号处理中的自适应杂波相消技术进行了研究。首先介绍了调频广播信号,重点分析了频谱和模糊函数,接着论述了自适应滤波技术的发展、原理和结构,重点分析了自适应横向滤波器和格型滤波器。自适应横向滤波器主要分为最小均方(LMS)自适应横向滤波器和最小二乘(LS)横向滤波器。论文研究了LMS算法和两种改进的LMS算法,即归一化最小均方(NLMS)算法和误差非线性变步长最小均方(NVSS)算法,两种算法在一定程度上缓解了传统LMS算法本身的矛盾。递归最小二乘(RLS)算法是基于牛顿法的,它收敛速度快,但计算量较大。在此基础上引入了格型滤波算法,结合外辐射源雷达信号处理的要求,提出了采用自适应格型联合处理器进行杂波相消,它是在LS格型的基础上引入横向算法,进行联合过程处理。此算法拥有快速的收敛性和小的失调量,同时计算量小,且在同等条件下处理外场采集数据时比其它算法能更有效地检测到目标。
Without radiating electromagnetic wave,Passive radar based on opportunity Transmitter (such as FM broadcast signal, mobile phone signal and other civilian signal) is not easy to be detected by electronic scouting systems. And it has potential superiority in ECCM(Electronic Counter-Countermeasure),AARM(Anti Anti-Radiation Missile),and anti-stealthy targets, thus a bright future. In this paper, clutter cancellation in passive radar signal processing with adaptive filtering technique is studied. The common adaptive algorithms include least mean square (LMS) algorithm, recursive least square (RLS), adaptive lattice algorithm and so on. Adaptive transversal filter can be mainly divided into LMS adaptive transversal filter and RLS adaptive transversal filter. Two improved LMS algorithms are analyzed involving normalized least mean square (NLMS) and variable step-size least mean square with errors nonlinearities (NVSS). These two algorithms are provided to enhance the trade-off between misadjustment and convergence rate. RLS is based on Newton algorithm, which has faster convergence and larger amount of calculation than LMS. In this condition, this paper develops an adaptive lattice joint processor to process passive radar signal. This algorithm has faster convergence and a smaller amount of calculation, and it is more effective than the other algorithms to detect the target when processing real-time data.
Without radiating electromagnetic wave,Passive radar based on opportunity Transmitter (such as FM broadcast signal, mobile phone signal and other civilian signal) is not easy to be detected by electronic scouting systems. And it has potential superiority in ECCM(Electronic Counter-Countermeasure),AARM(Anti Anti-Radiation Missile),and anti-stealthy targets, thus a bright future. In this paper, clutter cancellation in passive radar signal processing with adaptive filtering technique is studied. The common adaptive algorithms include least mean square (LMS) algorithm, recursive least square (RLS), adaptive lattice algorithm and so on. Adaptive transversal filter can be mainly divided into LMS adaptive transversal filter and RLS adaptive transversal filter. Two improved LMS algorithms are analyzed involving normalized least mean square (NLMS) and variable step-size least mean square with errors nonlinearities (NVSS). These two algorithms are provided to enhance the trade-off between misadjustment and convergence rate. RLS is based on Newton algorithm, which has faster convergence and larger amount of calculation than LMS. In this condition, this paper develops an adaptive lattice joint processor to process passive radar signal. This algorithm has faster convergence and a smaller amount of calculation, and it is more effective than the other algorithms to detect the target when processing real-time data.
引文
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[19] Makhoul J, Cossell L K. Adaptive lattice analysis of speech. IEEE Trans.1981.CAS-28:494~499.
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[25]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[26]张树京.统计信号处理.北京:航空航天大学出版社,1989.
[27]曲长文,何友.基于电视或调频广播的非合作式双(多)基地雷达及关键技术.现代雷达.2001年2,23(1).pp19-23.
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[29]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版).西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2001年.118-119.
[2] Wang Jun, Zhang Shouhong, Bao Zheng. Passive coherent detection via exploiting illuminator of opportunity. Proceeding of 6th international conference on signal processing. 2002.
[3] Bruce. D. Nordwall, Silent Sentry. A New Type of Radar, Aviation Week & Space Technology, 1998.11.30.
[4]张军华,静默哨兵:一种新型无源反隐身雷达中国雷达.No.4,1999.
[5]李泰祯,王世佐,张维祥.调频收音机及立体声收音机原理和维修.第一版.北京:人民邮电出版社,1984.
[6]张颖辉,陶然,王越等.基于OFDM传输技术的数字地面电视广播信号模糊函数的研究.电子与信息学报.2006.28(8):1485-1487.
[7]陆光华,彭学愚等著.随机信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2002.
[8]赵洪立,王俊,保铮.副载波对广播信号的频谱和模糊函数的影响.电子学报.2004(3).468-417.
[9] Simon Haykin著.郑宝玉等译.自适应滤波器原理.北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[10]何振亚.自适应信号处理.北京:科学出版社,2002.
[11] Diniz PSR. Adaptive Filtering: Algorithms and Practical Implementation(Second Edition). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004, 1~6.
[12]沈福民.自适应信号处理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2001.
[13]邱天爽,魏东兴等.通信中的自适应信号处理.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.
[14]沈彩耀,李红波.一种变步长自适应滤波算法及分析.信息工程大学学报. 2006.7(2):190-192.
[15]张贤达.现代信号处理(第二版).北京:清华大学出版社.2007.
[16] Fuyun Ling, Dimitris Manolakis, John C. Proakis (1985). New form of LS lattice algorithms and an analysis of their round-off error characteristics, in Proc. ICASSP, Tampa, pp.1739-1742.
[17] Fuyun Ling, and John C. Proakis (1984a). Numerical accuracy and stability: Two problems of adaptive estimation algorithms, in Proc. ICASSP, San Diego, pp. 30.3.1 -30.3.4.
[18]邹艳碧,高鹰.自适应滤波算法综述.广州大学学报.2002(2):44-50.
[19] Makhoul J, Cossell L K. Adaptive lattice analysis of speech. IEEE Trans.1981.CAS-28:494~499.
[20] John M. Cioffi. A Covariance RLS Lattice for Adaptive Filtering, in IEEE Trans. on ASSP, TOKYO, (1986):2115-2118.
[21] Andre' H.C. Carezia, Phillip M.S. Burt, Max Gerken, Maria D. Mirandat, Magno T.M. da Silva. A stable and efficient DSP implementation of a LSL algorithm for acoustic echo canceling. in IEEE Trans. on ASSP,(2001):921-924.
[22] Dimityis G. Manolakis, Vinay K. lngle, and Stephen M. Kogon.统计与自适应信号处理[M] .北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[23] Fuyun Ling, Dimitris Manolakis, and John G. Proakis. A Recursive Modified Gram-Schmidt Algorithm for Least-Squares Estimation. in IEEE Trans. on ASSP, (1986):829-832.
[24]张先义.基于外辐射源的无源雷达的数据采集与分布式计算[硕士论文].2004.
[25]丁鹭飞,耿富录.雷达原理.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,2002.
[26]张树京.统计信号处理.北京:航空航天大学出版社,1989.
[27]曲长文,何友.基于电视或调频广播的非合作式双(多)基地雷达及关键技术.现代雷达.2001年2,23(1).pp19-23.
[28]向敬成,张明友.雷达系统.北京:电子工业出版社.2003年.
[29]丁玉美,高西全.数字信号处理(第二版).西安:西安电子科技大学出版社.2001年.118-119.