CDMA无线本地环路中移动性管理系统的设计与实现
摘要
CDMA无线本地环路(WLL)中,移动性管理主要由基站系统中的归属位置寄存器(HLR)和拜访位置寄存器(VLR)共同完成。本文在分析无线本地环路及其移动性管理特点的基础上,给出了该移动性管理系统的设计与实现方法,该方案具有简单、实用、有效的特点。通过引入终端有效性区域性控制的概念,实现了在单局条件下对漫游限制的模拟实现。在拜访位置寄存器的设计中,采用全局调度模块与业务执行模块分离的方法,通过线性增加业务执行模块单板的个数即可实现系统的扩容,解决了因单一单板内存、CPU资源不足而引起的号码容量受限的问题。在此基础上,实现了空中数据管理(OTAPA)等功能。
该非漫游移动性管理系统已经被中兴通讯公司CDMA 2000无线本地环路系统所使用。
With the development of telecommunication, and the combination ofCDMA wireless access technology and V5 Interface, CDMA WLL(Wireless Location Loop) will substitute for traditional location loop as theindispensable part in the 3G age. But LE cannot support mobilitymanagement and there is no corresponding information given by V5protocol .Since lack of Mobile Switch Centre which is used to deal with it,the mobility management should be implemented by wireless accessnetwork only.
In this paper, we accomplish the design and implementation of the mobilitymanagement system suitable for the CDMA WLL based on the research andanalyses of the CDMA WLL system and mobility management. The systemis composed of HLR (Host Location Register) and VLR (Visitor LocationRegister).
This mobility management system does not support the function of roaming,when taking account of not only the capability and coverage of the wirelesssystem but also the actual situation of the telecommunication market allover the world. That is, the MS (Mobile Station) should only be effective inthe home BS but not in others. Because the system needn't to deal withroaming service, it brings the simplicity of the processing flow and lessmemory spaces needed. The mobility system is more stable, effective and
useful as a result. Meanwhile, the compatibility can be mostly ensured asonly adding modules to BSC.The HLR module is a phone number operation and maintenance systembased on Client-Server structure. The major functions of this part areoperating and maintaining the phones' information and sending the basicinformation to VLR module so as to dealing with all kinds of service. Themodule consists of three parts: SMP (Service Management Platform), HLRServer and database. SMP is the part that communicates with the operators,in charge of saving and deleting phone numbers, etc. The HLR Server is aprocess running at background, which is used to send service messagesbetween SMP and VLR and do same work about database maintenance. Allof the phone numbers information is saved in the database. The fundamentalfunction of HLR module includes: saving, deleting, modifying, exporting,searching phone numbers and data synchronization. Besides, wirelessparameter configuration and right management should be taken intoaccount.The VLR module, which runs in the embedded system of the veneer of theBS, is used to deal with authentication, location updating, paging andregistering of MS. The amount of information about phone numbers in theVLR module is limited by the memory and CPU of the veneer, which willinfluence the coverage of the base station system. In order to solve thisproblem, we put forward a solution that dividing the VLR into GVLR(Global VLR) and PVLR (Performance VLR). The VLR module comprisesone GVLR and several PVLRs and the resources of phone numbers
information are assigned to the corresponding PVLR respectively. GVLRwill be responsible for sending messages to the right PVLR according to thePVLR ID with the MS (the MS is given a PVLR ID automatically whenadding it to the system according to the configuration of the system), andthe PVLR which get the message will then deal with it accordingly. Thusthe capability of the system can be enlarged by simply adding PVLR to it.Because the VLR module resides in the veneer of the BS, there is noinfluence to the normal running of the system even if the BS and the HLRdisconnect. But this will cause another problem that the embedded systemdoes not support existent database system, so in the PVLR system we give away to simulate the database system of the phone information. In this way,it satisfies the need of quick query and storage.In order to restrict and manage to the user's effective region under the singleBS situation and simulate the roaming function in the system, (for example,let some MSs can be used only in the appointed area), the concepts of LACGroup and CELL Group are introduced in the paper. LAC and cell are theregions that are used to separate different places in an area by differentmethods when setting the network up. Here we will group the cells andLACs, and every LAC Group or CELL Group can contains none, one ormore LACs or cells. Set the phone number a LAC Group and a CELLGroup when it is added to the system. After that, taking the advantage of theauthentication control of the VLR, the MS can only be used in the appointedarea but not in other area. The purpose of using both LAC Group and CELLGroup is to meet the different needs of dividing areas.
Furthermore, a feasible solution to import OTAPA (Over the Air ParameterAdministration) into the mobility management system of the CDMAwireless access network based on V5 interface is given in this paper. Usingthis technique, the parameters used by MS could be sent in the air.This mobility management system fully takes advantage of the powerfulprocessing capability and coverage region of the 3rd generation BSS,reducing the developing cost, farthest guaranteeing the stability of thesystem and satisfying the request of mobility. The system is suitable fordeveloping countries and regions to setup wireless network. Now it isadopted by ZTE Corporation as a main solution to the CDMA 2000 WLLSystem and works well.
该非漫游移动性管理系统已经被中兴通讯公司CDMA 2000无线本地环路系统所使用。
With the development of telecommunication, and the combination ofCDMA wireless access technology and V5 Interface, CDMA WLL(Wireless Location Loop) will substitute for traditional location loop as theindispensable part in the 3G age. But LE cannot support mobilitymanagement and there is no corresponding information given by V5protocol .Since lack of Mobile Switch Centre which is used to deal with it,the mobility management should be implemented by wireless accessnetwork only.
In this paper, we accomplish the design and implementation of the mobilitymanagement system suitable for the CDMA WLL based on the research andanalyses of the CDMA WLL system and mobility management. The systemis composed of HLR (Host Location Register) and VLR (Visitor LocationRegister).
This mobility management system does not support the function of roaming,when taking account of not only the capability and coverage of the wirelesssystem but also the actual situation of the telecommunication market allover the world. That is, the MS (Mobile Station) should only be effective inthe home BS but not in others. Because the system needn't to deal withroaming service, it brings the simplicity of the processing flow and lessmemory spaces needed. The mobility system is more stable, effective and
useful as a result. Meanwhile, the compatibility can be mostly ensured asonly adding modules to BSC.The HLR module is a phone number operation and maintenance systembased on Client-Server structure. The major functions of this part areoperating and maintaining the phones' information and sending the basicinformation to VLR module so as to dealing with all kinds of service. Themodule consists of three parts: SMP (Service Management Platform), HLRServer and database. SMP is the part that communicates with the operators,in charge of saving and deleting phone numbers, etc. The HLR Server is aprocess running at background, which is used to send service messagesbetween SMP and VLR and do same work about database maintenance. Allof the phone numbers information is saved in the database. The fundamentalfunction of HLR module includes: saving, deleting, modifying, exporting,searching phone numbers and data synchronization. Besides, wirelessparameter configuration and right management should be taken intoaccount.The VLR module, which runs in the embedded system of the veneer of theBS, is used to deal with authentication, location updating, paging andregistering of MS. The amount of information about phone numbers in theVLR module is limited by the memory and CPU of the veneer, which willinfluence the coverage of the base station system. In order to solve thisproblem, we put forward a solution that dividing the VLR into GVLR(Global VLR) and PVLR (Performance VLR). The VLR module comprisesone GVLR and several PVLRs and the resources of phone numbers
information are assigned to the corresponding PVLR respectively. GVLRwill be responsible for sending messages to the right PVLR according to thePVLR ID with the MS (the MS is given a PVLR ID automatically whenadding it to the system according to the configuration of the system), andthe PVLR which get the message will then deal with it accordingly. Thusthe capability of the system can be enlarged by simply adding PVLR to it.Because the VLR module resides in the veneer of the BS, there is noinfluence to the normal running of the system even if the BS and the HLRdisconnect. But this will cause another problem that the embedded systemdoes not support existent database system, so in the PVLR system we give away to simulate the database system of the phone information. In this way,it satisfies the need of quick query and storage.In order to restrict and manage to the user's effective region under the singleBS situation and simulate the roaming function in the system, (for example,let some MSs can be used only in the appointed area), the concepts of LACGroup and CELL Group are introduced in the paper. LAC and cell are theregions that are used to separate different places in an area by differentmethods when setting the network up. Here we will group the cells andLACs, and every LAC Group or CELL Group can contains none, one ormore LACs or cells. Set the phone number a LAC Group and a CELLGroup when it is added to the system. After that, taking the advantage of theauthentication control of the VLR, the MS can only be used in the appointedarea but not in other area. The purpose of using both LAC Group and CELLGroup is to meet the different needs of dividing areas.
Furthermore, a feasible solution to import OTAPA (Over the Air ParameterAdministration) into the mobility management system of the CDMAwireless access network based on V5 interface is given in this paper. Usingthis technique, the parameters used by MS could be sent in the air.This mobility management system fully takes advantage of the powerfulprocessing capability and coverage region of the 3rd generation BSS,reducing the developing cost, farthest guaranteeing the stability of thesystem and satisfying the request of mobility. The system is suitable fordeveloping countries and regions to setup wireless network. Now it isadopted by ZTE Corporation as a main solution to the CDMA 2000 WLLSystem and works well.
引文
[1] ITU-G.963 Access digital section for ISDN primary rate at 1544k bit/s. ITU. 1993
[2] ITU-G.963 Framework Recommendation on functional access network (AN) – Architecture and functions, access type, management and service node aspects. ITU. 1995
[3] YDN 20-1996, 本地数字交换机和接入网之间的 V5.1 接口技术规范. 中华人民共和国邮电部. 1996.12
[4] YDN 21-1996, 本地数字交换机和接入网之间的 V5.2 接口技术规范. 中华人民共和国邮电部. 1996.12
[5] 陈如明. 新世纪中国的通用无线接入与中国的发展策略考虑. 电信科学 2001(3): 3-9
[6] 赖铁红. 接入网技术的发展趋势和策略. 现代通讯. 2001(1): 19-20
[7] Anthony R. Noerpel. WLL: Wireless Local Loop-alternative technologies. The 8th IEEE International Symposium. 1997(2): 619-623
[8] 张献英. 固定无线宽带接入技术. 中国无线电. 2004(10): 45-49
[9] ITU-G.964 V-Interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) -V5.1 Interface (based on 2048k bit/s) for the support of access network (AN). ITU. 1994.7
[10] ITU-G.965 V-Interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) -V5.2 Interface (based on 2048k bit/s) for the support of access network (AN). ITU. 1995.3
[11] 3G-TS 23.305 Stage 2 Functional Specifications of Location Services in UTRAN. 3GPP. 1999.12
[12] 3G-TS 23.171 Functional Stage 2 Description of Location Services in UTRAN.3GPP. 2002.10
[13] Yi-Bing Lin. Mobility management for cellular telephony networks. IEEE parallel & distributed technology. 1996(4): 65-73
[14] 于松来,施嵘. 移动位置管理. 中兴通讯技术 2001(33):32-35
[15] Zhang Jianwu, Zhou Qi. Influence of Authentication on Mobility Management Model. 2000 International Seminar on Teletraffic and Network. 2000:264-268
[16] C.-C. Lee, M.-S. Hwang, W.-P. Yang. Extension of Authentication Protocol for GSM. Communications, IEEE Proceedings. 2003, 150(2):91-95
[17] Khalid Al-Tawil, Ali Akrami. A New Authentication Protocol for Roaming Users in GSM Networks. The Fourth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications. 1999:93-101
[18] Y.Kohashi, S.Katou, Y.Shinohara, T.Kobayashi and S.Endou. CDMA (IS-95) Mobile Switching Center. NEC TECHNAICAL JOURNAL. 1998(7): 30-35
[19] YD/T1229-2002 可移动终端数据同步协议以及信息交换数据格式技术要求. 中华人民共和国信息产业部. 2002
[20] TIA/EIA/IS-683-A: Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile Stations in Spread Spectrum Systems.
[2] ITU-G.963 Framework Recommendation on functional access network (AN) – Architecture and functions, access type, management and service node aspects. ITU. 1995
[3] YDN 20-1996, 本地数字交换机和接入网之间的 V5.1 接口技术规范. 中华人民共和国邮电部. 1996.12
[4] YDN 21-1996, 本地数字交换机和接入网之间的 V5.2 接口技术规范. 中华人民共和国邮电部. 1996.12
[5] 陈如明. 新世纪中国的通用无线接入与中国的发展策略考虑. 电信科学 2001(3): 3-9
[6] 赖铁红. 接入网技术的发展趋势和策略. 现代通讯. 2001(1): 19-20
[7] Anthony R. Noerpel. WLL: Wireless Local Loop-alternative technologies. The 8th IEEE International Symposium. 1997(2): 619-623
[8] 张献英. 固定无线宽带接入技术. 中国无线电. 2004(10): 45-49
[9] ITU-G.964 V-Interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) -V5.1 Interface (based on 2048k bit/s) for the support of access network (AN). ITU. 1994.7
[10] ITU-G.965 V-Interfaces at the digital local exchange (LE) -V5.2 Interface (based on 2048k bit/s) for the support of access network (AN). ITU. 1995.3
[11] 3G-TS 23.305 Stage 2 Functional Specifications of Location Services in UTRAN. 3GPP. 1999.12
[12] 3G-TS 23.171 Functional Stage 2 Description of Location Services in UTRAN.3GPP. 2002.10
[13] Yi-Bing Lin. Mobility management for cellular telephony networks. IEEE parallel & distributed technology. 1996(4): 65-73
[14] 于松来,施嵘. 移动位置管理. 中兴通讯技术 2001(33):32-35
[15] Zhang Jianwu, Zhou Qi. Influence of Authentication on Mobility Management Model. 2000 International Seminar on Teletraffic and Network. 2000:264-268
[16] C.-C. Lee, M.-S. Hwang, W.-P. Yang. Extension of Authentication Protocol for GSM. Communications, IEEE Proceedings. 2003, 150(2):91-95
[17] Khalid Al-Tawil, Ali Akrami. A New Authentication Protocol for Roaming Users in GSM Networks. The Fourth IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications. 1999:93-101
[18] Y.Kohashi, S.Katou, Y.Shinohara, T.Kobayashi and S.Endou. CDMA (IS-95) Mobile Switching Center. NEC TECHNAICAL JOURNAL. 1998(7): 30-35
[19] YD/T1229-2002 可移动终端数据同步协议以及信息交换数据格式技术要求. 中华人民共和国信息产业部. 2002
[20] TIA/EIA/IS-683-A: Over-the-Air Service Provisioning of Mobile Stations in Spread Spectrum Systems.