费伯雄学术思想研究
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摘要
费伯雄出生于世医之家,是清代江南名医,孟河医派的奠基人。
通过反复阅读费伯雄主要著作《医醇賸义》、《医方论》、《费伯雄医案》、《食鉴本草》,综合运用比较、总结、归纳、分析等方法从理论、治法、方药三个方面深入阐释其“和缓”的学术思想。
和缓包括知常方能知变,即“平淡之法”；“不足者补之以复其正,有余者去之以归于平”,即外感和内伤的治疗总则；“毒药治病去其五,良药治病去其七”,顾护正气,重脾胃生发之气。费伯雄用“求其纯粹以精”的方法达“和缓”之学,其治学崇尚经典,理有所源；博采众方,悉化成心而约取之,立法纯而不杂；选药精良,而达法外之意。费伯雄亦用此法执简驭繁,指示后学以成就之法。
费伯雄重视经典医籍的研习。立论多引《内经》、《难经》之理,但不是简单引用而是结合其临床实践经验,对其理论隐晦不明处明白解释,进而有所引申发明,并提出治法和方药,使《内经》、《难经》的理论更切于临床应用。从中寒、痰饮、消渴等病症的具体论治中可见其善于抓主症,病症结合,辨证仔细,师古人立方之法而不泥其方,其自制方看似平淡而效神奇。
内伤疾病的辨治以经络的循行分布为原则。经络联系脏腑、形体、官窍并使其成为一个统一的整体,由此观察症状与病因病机的演变,则更灵活、简便、实用。如心火,表现有神乱、烦躁、舌痛、小便涩痛、下利脓血、头眩神昏之异,通过经脉循行分布和火的致病特点,可将所有症状联系起来,反映了中医的整体观念。
施治重在临机应变、化裁变通,细审病情,将理、法、方、药融为一体。眩晕可合并头痛、呕吐、心悸、咳嗽,同为水不涵木,症状不同,据经脉循行,可知所累及的脏腑有异,故治法有所变化,但壮水柔肝之法不变。方药加减变化间反映出费伯雄精深的理论和丰富的临床经验。
费伯雄批判地继承中医的理论、治法、方药,即他所提倡的“和缓”之学,醇正是解释理论需正确的当,平淡是立法处方的平和轻灵,醇正偏于强调医理,平淡偏于强调治法方药,和缓之学实际包括这两者。
费伯雄用执简驭繁、明白指示的方法,示欲学医而无师承的业医者以成就之法,此法对当今中医学教育有借鉴意义,费伯雄注重经典、潜学前贤、独立思考的治学方法和换位思考、设身处地为病人着想的态度对当今临床有实用价值。
Fei Boxiong is a very famous physician of Chinese medicine from hereditary physician in the north province of late Qing Dynasty and founded the Menghe School. He is the seventh generation in his family.
The author does research on Fei's primary books by Analysis, comparation and so on to summarize his academic and ideology. The thesis illustrates his academic and ideology by theories, therapeutical methods, formulation of the prescriptions.
Fei Boxiong attaches great importance on classical works of traditional Chinese medicine. He combines the original text of the canon of internal medicine with his clinical experience to add and develop the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). He shows therapeutic methods and formulation of the prescription to hope that the theory of canon of internal medicine can be applied in clinic truly.
Miscellaneous diseases due to internal injury should pay more attention to meridians circulation and distribution. Tongue pain, difficulty and pain in micturition and loss of partial consciousness is completely different in western medicine, but all this symptoms can be called excessive hear-fire. In Chinese medicine, the tongue serves as the window of the heart. The excessive hear fire flaming-up disturbed the spirite because the heart controls mental activities. The heart is interror-exteriorly related to the small intestine so the excessive hear fire can send down which appear abnormal urine. The meridians circulation and distribution can contact all symptoms into one whole which reflect the concept of the organism as a whole. This is the advantage of TCM compared with western medicine. Uneasiness caused by internal damage of seven emotions.
In the clinical treatment, Fei Boxiong emphasizes variations according to specific disease. Treatment methods of vertigo were different from the complications of headache, vomiting, palpitation and cough. Generally speaking, every one of the herbal in the prescription can cure variety of symptoms.
Fei Boxiong explain the theory of TCM briefly rather than simply, to make the later Chinese medicine physicians understand easily. This method is significant in today's education of TCM. Research experiences of ancestors intensively, think independently and consider the sufferring of patients truly which are practical value to modern clinic.
通过反复阅读费伯雄主要著作《医醇賸义》、《医方论》、《费伯雄医案》、《食鉴本草》,综合运用比较、总结、归纳、分析等方法从理论、治法、方药三个方面深入阐释其“和缓”的学术思想。
和缓包括知常方能知变,即“平淡之法”；“不足者补之以复其正,有余者去之以归于平”,即外感和内伤的治疗总则；“毒药治病去其五,良药治病去其七”,顾护正气,重脾胃生发之气。费伯雄用“求其纯粹以精”的方法达“和缓”之学,其治学崇尚经典,理有所源；博采众方,悉化成心而约取之,立法纯而不杂；选药精良,而达法外之意。费伯雄亦用此法执简驭繁,指示后学以成就之法。
费伯雄重视经典医籍的研习。立论多引《内经》、《难经》之理,但不是简单引用而是结合其临床实践经验,对其理论隐晦不明处明白解释,进而有所引申发明,并提出治法和方药,使《内经》、《难经》的理论更切于临床应用。从中寒、痰饮、消渴等病症的具体论治中可见其善于抓主症,病症结合,辨证仔细,师古人立方之法而不泥其方,其自制方看似平淡而效神奇。
内伤疾病的辨治以经络的循行分布为原则。经络联系脏腑、形体、官窍并使其成为一个统一的整体,由此观察症状与病因病机的演变,则更灵活、简便、实用。如心火,表现有神乱、烦躁、舌痛、小便涩痛、下利脓血、头眩神昏之异,通过经脉循行分布和火的致病特点,可将所有症状联系起来,反映了中医的整体观念。
施治重在临机应变、化裁变通,细审病情,将理、法、方、药融为一体。眩晕可合并头痛、呕吐、心悸、咳嗽,同为水不涵木,症状不同,据经脉循行,可知所累及的脏腑有异,故治法有所变化,但壮水柔肝之法不变。方药加减变化间反映出费伯雄精深的理论和丰富的临床经验。
费伯雄批判地继承中医的理论、治法、方药,即他所提倡的“和缓”之学,醇正是解释理论需正确的当,平淡是立法处方的平和轻灵,醇正偏于强调医理,平淡偏于强调治法方药,和缓之学实际包括这两者。
费伯雄用执简驭繁、明白指示的方法,示欲学医而无师承的业医者以成就之法,此法对当今中医学教育有借鉴意义,费伯雄注重经典、潜学前贤、独立思考的治学方法和换位思考、设身处地为病人着想的态度对当今临床有实用价值。
Fei Boxiong is a very famous physician of Chinese medicine from hereditary physician in the north province of late Qing Dynasty and founded the Menghe School. He is the seventh generation in his family.
The author does research on Fei's primary books by Analysis, comparation and so on to summarize his academic and ideology. The thesis illustrates his academic and ideology by theories, therapeutical methods, formulation of the prescriptions.
Fei Boxiong attaches great importance on classical works of traditional Chinese medicine. He combines the original text of the canon of internal medicine with his clinical experience to add and develop the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). He shows therapeutic methods and formulation of the prescription to hope that the theory of canon of internal medicine can be applied in clinic truly.
Miscellaneous diseases due to internal injury should pay more attention to meridians circulation and distribution. Tongue pain, difficulty and pain in micturition and loss of partial consciousness is completely different in western medicine, but all this symptoms can be called excessive hear-fire. In Chinese medicine, the tongue serves as the window of the heart. The excessive hear fire flaming-up disturbed the spirite because the heart controls mental activities. The heart is interror-exteriorly related to the small intestine so the excessive hear fire can send down which appear abnormal urine. The meridians circulation and distribution can contact all symptoms into one whole which reflect the concept of the organism as a whole. This is the advantage of TCM compared with western medicine. Uneasiness caused by internal damage of seven emotions.
In the clinical treatment, Fei Boxiong emphasizes variations according to specific disease. Treatment methods of vertigo were different from the complications of headache, vomiting, palpitation and cough. Generally speaking, every one of the herbal in the prescription can cure variety of symptoms.
Fei Boxiong explain the theory of TCM briefly rather than simply, to make the later Chinese medicine physicians understand easily. This method is significant in today's education of TCM. Research experiences of ancestors intensively, think independently and consider the sufferring of patients truly which are practical value to modern clinic.
引文
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