基于Smart Client的PAR方法远程教学系统的研究
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摘要
软件的可靠性差和开发效率低一直是困扰软件产业界的两大难题,软件开发的形式化与自动化方法被认为是克服这两大难题的有效方法。PAR方法就是一种简单实用的软件形式化方法。在开发过程中充分利用PAR方法的自动转换特性,能够有效的节省应用程序开发过程中编写和调试代码的时间,减少软件测试过程,提高系统的开发效率。因此,有必要通过远程教学平台进行PAR方法的推广和普及。
然而,传统的远程教学平台多是基于B/S的结构,这种结构自身存在技术缺陷,在此基础上开发的远程教学软件无法满足PAR方法教学的要求。针对这些缺陷,本文引入了Smart Client(智能客户端)结构,以此为基础设计了一种新的远程教学系统的模型。基于Smart Client的远程教学系统能够将PAR方法更直观的展现给学习者,提高学习者学习PAR方法的兴趣,有助于学习者规范地设计出高质量的代码。
本文对PAR方法及PAR平台进行了简要的介绍,深入研究了智能客户端体系结构及其在远程教学平台中实际应用方案。在智能客户端体系结构的支撑下,以PAR方法作为主要教学内容,结合建构主义等学习理论,提出了一个多层次多组件的软件框架模型,并给出了系统关键功能的部分实现代码。
本研究提供了解决传统远程教学平台弊端的新途径,并使形式化软件开发方法得到了很好的推广和应用,是PAR方法应用研究的延伸,也是国家自然科学基金项目“基于PAR方法的算法设计形式化和自动化研究”(项目编号:60273092)的理论成果在程序设计教学实践中的具体应用。
本研究主要做了如下创新:
1、从提高软件的生产率和可复用率的角度出发,本文提出了一个多层次多组件的软件框架模型。系统模型中的每一层都可以进行独立的设计与维护。
2、引入的Smart Client技术可以解决传统的远程教学系统所存在的弊端。
3、尝试将PAR方法的一系列程序自动生成软件整合为该教学系统的组件,并通过ClickOnce实现这些教学组件的无接触部署。
4、设计了具有离线操作功能的智能客户端应用程序,在脱机学习和网络考试中能够得到很好的应用。
The poor reliability of software and low efficiency of development are the two main problems of software industry. Formalization and automatization in software development have been viewed as the effective ways to solve the two main problems. PAR method is a simple and practical method of formal development. It can automatically transform algorithm specification to abstract program and abstract program to executable program. So it can partly realize the software development automatization. The characteristics can be fully used to the process of developing software. It helps to saving time of coding and debugging the program, reducing the processes of software test. The efficiency of development also has greatly improved. So it is necessary to popularize the PAR method by distance education system.
However, the traditional distance education platforms mostly base on the structure of B/S. The structure of B/S exists some technical defects,the traditional distance education base on B/S can not be competent for the instruction of PAR method. Aim at these limitations of the traditional distance education systems, this thesis introduces the structure of Smart Client, and design a new kind of distance education system framework model. The distance education system base of the smart client structure can present the PAR method to learner more intuitionistic, improve the interest of students studying the PAR method. It is good for the learner writing the high quality code.
This thesis introduces the PAR method and PAR platform briefly. It does the research on the architecture of Smart Client and discusses the application scheme of the distance education system based on Smart Client. On the basis of the architecture of Smart Client, combine with the learning theory such as Constructivism, put forward a software model which has multi-level and multi-component. The code of realize the critical functions is also given.
This research gives the new approach to solve the problems of traditional distance education system, and it helps to popularize the formalized methods in software development. It is the extension of PAR method application research. The system also is specific application of the national natural science fund projects-“algorithm design formalization and automated studying based on PAR method”which is applied in practice of program design instruction.
The main innovative points of this thesis are as follow:
1.For the sake of productivity and ability of reused,this thesis design a software framework model which is based on the multi-layer and multi-component. Every layer can be modified independently.
2. This thesis introduces the mode of Smart Client can solve the problems of traditional distance education system.
3. This thesis try to combine the automatic program generators of PAR Method to the component of this distance education system. These components deploy to the clients by the technology of ClickOnce.
4. This thesis design the Smart Client. application program with the offline support. The offline function can use in offline teaching and network examination.
然而,传统的远程教学平台多是基于B/S的结构,这种结构自身存在技术缺陷,在此基础上开发的远程教学软件无法满足PAR方法教学的要求。针对这些缺陷,本文引入了Smart Client(智能客户端)结构,以此为基础设计了一种新的远程教学系统的模型。基于Smart Client的远程教学系统能够将PAR方法更直观的展现给学习者,提高学习者学习PAR方法的兴趣,有助于学习者规范地设计出高质量的代码。
本文对PAR方法及PAR平台进行了简要的介绍,深入研究了智能客户端体系结构及其在远程教学平台中实际应用方案。在智能客户端体系结构的支撑下,以PAR方法作为主要教学内容,结合建构主义等学习理论,提出了一个多层次多组件的软件框架模型,并给出了系统关键功能的部分实现代码。
本研究提供了解决传统远程教学平台弊端的新途径,并使形式化软件开发方法得到了很好的推广和应用,是PAR方法应用研究的延伸,也是国家自然科学基金项目“基于PAR方法的算法设计形式化和自动化研究”(项目编号:60273092)的理论成果在程序设计教学实践中的具体应用。
本研究主要做了如下创新:
1、从提高软件的生产率和可复用率的角度出发,本文提出了一个多层次多组件的软件框架模型。系统模型中的每一层都可以进行独立的设计与维护。
2、引入的Smart Client技术可以解决传统的远程教学系统所存在的弊端。
3、尝试将PAR方法的一系列程序自动生成软件整合为该教学系统的组件,并通过ClickOnce实现这些教学组件的无接触部署。
4、设计了具有离线操作功能的智能客户端应用程序,在脱机学习和网络考试中能够得到很好的应用。
The poor reliability of software and low efficiency of development are the two main problems of software industry. Formalization and automatization in software development have been viewed as the effective ways to solve the two main problems. PAR method is a simple and practical method of formal development. It can automatically transform algorithm specification to abstract program and abstract program to executable program. So it can partly realize the software development automatization. The characteristics can be fully used to the process of developing software. It helps to saving time of coding and debugging the program, reducing the processes of software test. The efficiency of development also has greatly improved. So it is necessary to popularize the PAR method by distance education system.
However, the traditional distance education platforms mostly base on the structure of B/S. The structure of B/S exists some technical defects,the traditional distance education base on B/S can not be competent for the instruction of PAR method. Aim at these limitations of the traditional distance education systems, this thesis introduces the structure of Smart Client, and design a new kind of distance education system framework model. The distance education system base of the smart client structure can present the PAR method to learner more intuitionistic, improve the interest of students studying the PAR method. It is good for the learner writing the high quality code.
This thesis introduces the PAR method and PAR platform briefly. It does the research on the architecture of Smart Client and discusses the application scheme of the distance education system based on Smart Client. On the basis of the architecture of Smart Client, combine with the learning theory such as Constructivism, put forward a software model which has multi-level and multi-component. The code of realize the critical functions is also given.
This research gives the new approach to solve the problems of traditional distance education system, and it helps to popularize the formalized methods in software development. It is the extension of PAR method application research. The system also is specific application of the national natural science fund projects-“algorithm design formalization and automated studying based on PAR method”which is applied in practice of program design instruction.
The main innovative points of this thesis are as follow:
1.For the sake of productivity and ability of reused,this thesis design a software framework model which is based on the multi-layer and multi-component. Every layer can be modified independently.
2. This thesis introduces the mode of Smart Client can solve the problems of traditional distance education system.
3. This thesis try to combine the automatic program generators of PAR Method to the component of this distance education system. These components deploy to the clients by the technology of ClickOnce.
4. This thesis design the Smart Client. application program with the offline support. The offline function can use in offline teaching and network examination.
引文
[1]丁兴富.远程教育学[M],北京:北京师范大学出版社,2001.11:26-27
[2]Janette.Hill,Michael. Hannafin. Teaching and Learning in Digital Environments: The Resurgence of Resource-Based Learning,ETR&D 2003, 49(3):37
[3]高正,构建现代远程教学系统的探索与实践[J].现代远距离教育,2006(1): 49
[4]魏建平,王春铭.基于Web Service的远程培训系统模型设计[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(1-3): 26
[5]刘建伟,林延君,王家宝.基于智能客户端技术的售票系统改良方案[J].计算机系统应用,2008(8):2
[6][7]施良方.学习论[M].北京.人民教育出版社,2005.12.111-134、143-165
[8]皮亚杰.发生认识论原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981
[9]David.Jonassen.Constructivism and Computer-Mediated Communication in Distance Education [J].The American Journal of Distance Education.1995,19(2)
[10]何克抗.建构主义-革新传统教学的理论基础[J].科学课,2003.12:22-26
[11][12]何克抗,郑永柏,谢幼如.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.2002.3:148-212、187
[13]陆汝钤.计算机语言的形式语义[M].北京:科学出版社.1992.21-75
[14]E Clark,J Wing .Formal Methods:State of the Art and Future Directions.CMU Computer Science Technical Report,1996
[15]古天龙.开发的形式化方法[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2005.11-47
[16]Xue Jinyun.A Unified Approach for Developing Efficient Algorithmic Programs[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technologies,1997,12(4)
[17]Xue Jinyun.A practicable Approach for Formal Development of Algorithmic Programs[C]. ISFST’99 .Nanjing:1999.10
[18]Xue Jinyun.Formal Derivation of Graph Algorithmic Programs Using Partiton-and-Recur[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology,1998,13(6)
[19]Xue Jinyun D.Gries.Developing A Linear Algorithm for cubing a cyclic permutation[J].Science of Computer programming, 198811(12),161-165,
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[21][22]薛锦云.PAR方法算法描述语言Radl技术报告[R].南昌:江西师范大学省高性能计算重点实验室.2001,9 :2-4、5-11
[23]薛锦云.PAR方法抽象程序设计语言Apla技术报告[R].南昌:江西师范大学省高性能计算技术重点实验室.2001.9:2-13
[25]Gartner .Gartner Predicts Return to Rich-Client Application Deployment Will Be Led by Microsoft's .NET[EB/OL].2002.4
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[29]沈炳宏. Smart Client的架构与设计原则[EB/OL].http://www.microsoft.com/tai wan/msdn/columns/mvp/200411_smartclient.htm,2004-12:1-5
[31]王介之,陈志刚.利用Web服务实现智能客户端应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2005,24(1):86
[32]Ethan Cerami.Web Services Essentials, O'Reilly Media.2002.35-96
[33]李思鉴,丁志强.基于Web Services的软件开发过程[J].计算机与数字工程,2005,34(8):82-83
[34][35]Andrew Troelsen.C#与.NET高级程序设计(特别版)[M].王少葵,张大磊,朱晔,范睿.北京:人民邮电出版社.2008.3 .2-12、6-8
[36]熊宛皎.带自动推理功能的程序设计ICAI系统研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].南昌:江西师范大学计算机系,2003.42-46
[37]叶华.基于Web的远程教学系统的设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津工业大学计算机系.2003:17-19
[38]张卫林.基于.NET框架的多层企业应用系统架构与设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学计算机系.2005.64-71
[39]马梦涛.基于智能客户端技术的协同办公平台设计与研究[D]:[硕士毕业论文]:昆明:昆明理工大学企业管理.2005.34-35
[40]于小川.数据库原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.94-101
[41]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2002
[42][44]Glenn Johnson. ADO.NET 2.0高级编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-33、34-64
[43]华国栋,刘文予.基于ADO.NET的数据库访问及其性能优化[J].计算机应用研究,2004.(6):215-218.
[45]邹晓,陈晓华,陈良育.基于ADO.NET数据库系统的并发控制协议研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2007.28(15):3713。
[46] Charles Petzold.C#程序设计[M].杨涛,王建桥,杨晓云,高文雅.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004. 35-156.
[47]Sayed Y.Hashimi,Scott J. Steffan,.Pro Service-Oriented Smart Clients with .NET 2.0. Apress,2005.67-71
[49]刘开.基于Web Services的综合网管系统安全机制的研究与应用[D]:[硕士毕业论文].北京:北京交通大学计算机系.2006,21-23
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[59]王英慧,曲国伟.ADO.NET数据并发处理研究[J].计算机系统应用,2007,12:105
[60]邹晓.基于ADO.NET网络数据库应用系统的并发控制研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].上海:华东师范大学教育信息技术系.2007.14-26
[2]Janette.Hill,Michael. Hannafin. Teaching and Learning in Digital Environments: The Resurgence of Resource-Based Learning,ETR&D 2003, 49(3):37
[3]高正,构建现代远程教学系统的探索与实践[J].现代远距离教育,2006(1): 49
[4]魏建平,王春铭.基于Web Service的远程培训系统模型设计[J].微计算机信息,2006,22(1-3): 26
[5]刘建伟,林延君,王家宝.基于智能客户端技术的售票系统改良方案[J].计算机系统应用,2008(8):2
[6][7]施良方.学习论[M].北京.人民教育出版社,2005.12.111-134、143-165
[8]皮亚杰.发生认识论原理[M].北京:商务印书馆,1981
[9]David.Jonassen.Constructivism and Computer-Mediated Communication in Distance Education [J].The American Journal of Distance Education.1995,19(2)
[10]何克抗.建构主义-革新传统教学的理论基础[J].科学课,2003.12:22-26
[11][12]何克抗,郑永柏,谢幼如.教学系统设计[M].北京:北京师范大学出版社.2002.3:148-212、187
[13]陆汝钤.计算机语言的形式语义[M].北京:科学出版社.1992.21-75
[14]E Clark,J Wing .Formal Methods:State of the Art and Future Directions.CMU Computer Science Technical Report,1996
[15]古天龙.开发的形式化方法[M]北京:高等教育出版社,2005.11-47
[16]Xue Jinyun.A Unified Approach for Developing Efficient Algorithmic Programs[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technologies,1997,12(4)
[17]Xue Jinyun.A practicable Approach for Formal Development of Algorithmic Programs[C]. ISFST’99 .Nanjing:1999.10
[18]Xue Jinyun.Formal Derivation of Graph Algorithmic Programs Using Partiton-and-Recur[J].Journal of Computer Science and Technology,1998,13(6)
[19]Xue Jinyun D.Gries.Developing A Linear Algorithm for cubing a cyclic permutation[J].Science of Computer programming, 198811(12),161-165,
[20][24]薛锦云新型软件开发方法PAR及其支撑平台[R].江西师范大学省高性能技术技术重点实验室技术报告,2005.8:2-19、6-31
[21][22]薛锦云.PAR方法算法描述语言Radl技术报告[R].南昌:江西师范大学省高性能计算重点实验室.2001,9 :2-4、5-11
[23]薛锦云.PAR方法抽象程序设计语言Apla技术报告[R].南昌:江西师范大学省高性能计算技术重点实验室.2001.9:2-13
[25]Gartner .Gartner Predicts Return to Rich-Client Application Deployment Will Be Led by Microsoft's .NET[EB/OL].2002.4
[26]MSDN中文站.智能客户端定义[EB/OL].http://msdn2.microsoft.com/zh-cn/sm artclient/bb313755.aspx.2004
[27][28][30][48][53]Mark Boulter, David Hill.智能客户端体系结构与设计指南[EB/OL]. http://msdn2. microsft.com/zh-cn/library/ms998506.aspx ,2004-8-20.
[29]沈炳宏. Smart Client的架构与设计原则[EB/OL].http://www.microsoft.com/tai wan/msdn/columns/mvp/200411_smartclient.htm,2004-12:1-5
[31]王介之,陈志刚.利用Web服务实现智能客户端应用[J].计算技术与自动化,2005,24(1):86
[32]Ethan Cerami.Web Services Essentials, O'Reilly Media.2002.35-96
[33]李思鉴,丁志强.基于Web Services的软件开发过程[J].计算机与数字工程,2005,34(8):82-83
[34][35]Andrew Troelsen.C#与.NET高级程序设计(特别版)[M].王少葵,张大磊,朱晔,范睿.北京:人民邮电出版社.2008.3 .2-12、6-8
[36]熊宛皎.带自动推理功能的程序设计ICAI系统研究[D]:[硕士学位论文].南昌:江西师范大学计算机系,2003.42-46
[37]叶华.基于Web的远程教学系统的设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].天津:天津工业大学计算机系.2003:17-19
[38]张卫林.基于.NET框架的多层企业应用系统架构与设计[D]:[硕士学位论文].武汉:武汉理工大学计算机系.2005.64-71
[39]马梦涛.基于智能客户端技术的协同办公平台设计与研究[D]:[硕士毕业论文]:昆明:昆明理工大学企业管理.2005.34-35
[40]于小川.数据库原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社.2005.94-101
[41]萨师煊,王珊.数据库系统概论(第三版)[M].北京:高等教育出版社.2002
[42][44]Glenn Johnson. ADO.NET 2.0高级编程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2006:1-33、34-64
[43]华国栋,刘文予.基于ADO.NET的数据库访问及其性能优化[J].计算机应用研究,2004.(6):215-218.
[45]邹晓,陈晓华,陈良育.基于ADO.NET数据库系统的并发控制协议研究[J].计算机工程与设计,2007.28(15):3713。
[46] Charles Petzold.C#程序设计[M].杨涛,王建桥,杨晓云,高文雅.北京:机械工业出版社, 2004. 35-156.
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