紫甘薯产量和品质形成生理机制及对弱光、地膜覆盖响应研究
|
摘要
紫心甘薯富含花青素,具有极强的抗氧化、抑制癌肿及延缓衰老的能力,在食品、医药和化妆品行业有着巨大应用潜力,紫心甘薯产量及其品质的研究是目前最受关注的研究领域之一。但国内外有关紫心甘薯产量和品质形成机理及环境调控研究甚少。
本研究选用产量潜力不同,淀粉和花青素含量差别较大的三个紫心甘薯品种济薯18、Ayamuraska (Aya.)和Yamagawamuraska(Yama.),于块根膨大期进行不同梯度遮荫处理(40%、70%),于薯苗栽插时进行地膜覆盖处理,系统研究了紫甘薯产量和品质形成的生理机制及对弱光胁迫和地膜覆盖的响应,以期为专用紫甘薯品种优质高产栽培提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
1.不同基因型紫甘薯及不同处理产量和品质差异
供试的三个品种块根产量以济薯18最高,是Aya.的1.91倍, Yama.的3.92倍。块根干物质含量、淀粉含量及花青素含量以Aya最高,Yama.次之,济薯18最低,品种间差异显著。块根可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量品种间差异不显著。
弱光胁迫导致块根严重减产,品质发生改变。40%和70%遮荫处理块根减产幅度为29.8%-69.3%,块根加工品质下降,总淀粉含量、花青素含量显著降低,淀粉组分变化因品种而异,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量随弱光胁迫强度不同程度增加。
地膜覆盖显著提高块根产量,增产幅度为18.85%-26.96%。覆膜栽培对块根品质的影响因品种而异。济薯18块根的干物质含量、总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量、花青素含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白质含量降低,淀粉支/直比下降,RVA各项指标显著低于对照;Aya.块根的干物质含量、花青素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于对照,但总淀粉含量略低于对照,支链淀粉含量上升,直链淀粉含量下降,支链淀粉/直链淀粉比显著高于对照,可溶性糖含量显著下降,全粉的高峰粘度、低谷粘度和衰减值显著高于对照。
2.不同基因型及不同处理叶片生理活性的差异
整个生育期,济薯18叶片的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、单叶净光合速率、RuBPCase羧化酶活性、清除活性氧毒害的能力等均显著高于Aya.,Yama叶片生理活性最低。济薯18叶片的IAA含量在生长发育的前、中期显著高于Aya.和Yama.,后期显著低于Aya.和Yama.。ABA含量全生育期一直显著高于Aya.和Yama, ZR含量变化动态与IAA基本一致,Aya.次之,Yama最低。
弱光胁迫导致叶片生理活性显著下降。弱光胁迫下叶片叶绿素总含量, chla, chlb含量不同程度增加,chla/chlb、可溶性糖含量、RuBPCase活性、ATP含量和ATP酶活性等显著降低,导致光合速率、蒸腾速率显著降低,气孔导度显著减小,细胞间隙CO2浓度显著增加。短期弱光胁迫下叶片SOD、CAT活性下降,MDA积累量上升。长期弱光胁迫下叶片SOD、CAT等活性提高,MDA积累减少。短期弱光胁迫可降低叶片的IAA含量,叶片ABA含量成倍增加,抑制茎叶生长。但长期弱光胁迫下,叶片IAA含量迅速上升,显著超过对照,ABA含量却显著降低,GAs和ZR含量随胁迫进程和强度显著低于对照。品种间比较,济薯18对弱光胁迫更为敏感。
覆膜栽培可显著提高叶片生理活性。覆膜栽培下,叶片可溶性糖含量及蛋白质含量显著增加,叶绿素含量济薯18全生育期均高于对照,Aya.前期高于对照,中后期下降。生长发育前、中期叶片RuBPCase活性,ATP含量和ATP酶活性,叶片光合速率,SOD、CAT、POD活性,IAA、GAs及ZR含量等均显著高于对照,MDA积累量显著降低,ABA含量显著低于对照。生长发育后期处理除ABA含量显著高于对照外,其他指标处理与对照间差异不显著,两品种表现一致。
3.紫甘薯块根膨大与内源激素的关系及不同处理对其影响效应
本研究表明,甘薯块根的形成和膨大是ZR、ABA和IAA等多种内源激素共同作用的结果,ZR和ABA含量的高低,在块根膨大的速率方面起着关键作用,与块根产量间存在显著正相关关系。在块根发育的不同阶段,地上部制造的光合产物向地下部输送储存的“库”重点不同。块根中各种内源激素的分布具有顶端优势,块根顶部、中部内源激素均高于尾部。次生形成层分裂旺盛与否可能与IAA、ZR等内源激素含量高低关系密切。
长期弱光胁迫可使甘薯块根内源激素平衡发生很大改变,块根ABA、ZR、和IAA含量均显著低于对照,且下降幅度与胁迫强度、胁迫时间成正比,GAs含量则表现为相反的趋势。品种间比较,济薯18对弱光胁迫的敏感度大于Aya, 40%和70%遮荫处理的块根ABA、ZR、和IAA含量下降值远远高于Aya.但GAs含量的增加值则低于Aya.
覆膜栽培下,块根IAA含量全生育期平均显著下降,两品种表现趋势不同,济薯18前、中期显著下降,后期上升,Aya.整个生育期均低于对照。济薯18前期和后期的GAs含量上升,其它阶段的含量下降。Aya.整个生育阶段GAs含量均低于对照。覆膜处理可显著增加块根ABA和ZR含量,尤其使块根膨大高峰期块根的ABA和ZR含量极显著高于对照,
4.紫甘薯块根淀粉含量及组分与淀粉合成相关酶活性关系及对不同处理的响应
紫甘薯块根淀粉含量和ADPG PPase活性、UDPG PPase活性间存在显著正相关关系, ADPG PPase活性强弱对块根淀粉含量影响可能大于UDPG PPase。GBSS活性增加,甘薯块根直链淀粉含量随之增加,但不表现显著的正相关关系。SSS活性与甘薯块根支链淀粉合成也呈不显著正相关关系。
弱光胁迫使两个品种的ADPGase、UDPGase活性显著降低,济薯18下降的幅度大于Aya。济薯18块根SSS活性显著降低,降低幅度与弱光胁迫强度成正比,GBSS活性则不同程度高于对照。Aya.块根SSS活性和GBSS活性对弱光胁迫响应与济薯18相反。弱光胁迫下淀粉合成相关酶活性的改变导致淀粉积累速率的降低和最终淀粉积累量的显著下降,淀粉组分和加工品质随之发生改变。
覆膜栽培不同程度提高块根的ADPGPPase和UDPGPPase活性,济薯18的提高幅度大于Aya.,块根膨大高峰期的提高幅度大于前期和后期。SSS和GBSS活性变化因品种而异,Aya.块根SSS活性提高,GBSS活性降低,济薯18块根SSS活性略低于对照,GBSS活性显著高于对照。淀粉合成相关酶活性的提高导致了淀粉积累速率的提高和最终淀粉积累量的改变,块根增产显著,品质改善。
5.PAL活性与块根花青素含量的关系及对弱光胁迫的响应
甘薯块根膨大初期(移栽后35-50d),花青素含量与PAL活性间呈密切的正相关关系,此后相关性显著降低,到块根膨大的高峰期和后期,则几乎没有相关性。
弱光胁迫对块根PAL活性影响较小,遮荫初期,不同处理的PAL活性略低于对照,但差异不显著,遮荫后期,不同处理的PAL活性略高于对照,表明PAL参与甘薯块根花青素的合成,在花青素合成的初期阶段,可能发挥关键作用,其他阶段PAL则可能不是花青素合成的关键酶。
Purple flesh sweet potato has great marketing potential in medicine and food industries, however, very little information is available on the formation of quality among different genotypes under various cultivation conditions. The present study was carried out in 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons with three purple flesh sweet potato cultivars Jishu18, Ayamuraska and Yamagawamuraska. Those three genotypes varied in yield potential, starch and anthocyanin content in tuberous root. Field trials were subject to shading treatment in root thicking stage with different shadingt treatment (0, 40% and 70%). The second field trial was subject to cover the ridge with plastic film. Recorded traits included yield potential, dry matter distribution, developmental dynamics of source and sink organs, physiological activities of leaves, hormone physiology of tuberous root formation and enlargement, dynamic changes of starch synthase in the process of tuberous root enlargement and starch accumulation, and the effect of weak light stress and plastic mulch growing on the physiological mechanism of tuberous root yield and quality formation of different sweet potato genotypes. The main results were present below.
1. There were significant differences in root yield and root quality among different sweet potato cultivars. The root yield of Jishu 18 was the highest, which was 1.91 times of Aya. and 3.92 times of Yama. The dry matter content and starch content of Aya. were 6.6% and 2.9% higher than that of Yama., and 11.0% and 6.8% higher than that of Jishu18. There were no significant differences in terms of amylopectin content among three genotypes. However, the amylose content of Aya. was 5.1 % and 8.2% higher than that of Yama. and Jish18, respectively. The anthocyanin contents were significant different among three genotypes. The anthocyanin content of Aya. was 60.3mg/100g in fresh sample, which was 1.5 times that of Yama., and 4.3 times that of Jishu18. There were no significant differences for the soluable sugar and protein content among different cultivars.
The weak light condition (shading) caused the root yield decreased significantly, and root processing quality decreased as well. When field plots were shaded by 40% and 70% during root thicking stage, the tuberous root yield was decreased by 29.8%-69.3%, and the processing quality decreased as well. The starch content and anthocyanin content were decreased significantly because of shading. The amylose content of sticky Jishu 18 increased and the amylopectin content of it decreased. However, Aya. exhibited a reverse trend for amylose and amylopectin content. Root soluble sugar and protein content increased to different extent.
The culture practice with plastic mulch could increase the root yield significantly. The tuberous root yield of Jishu18 and Aya. increased by 18.85% and 26.96% on the average in two years, respectively. The contents of dry matter, starch, amylose, soluble sugar and anthocyanin of Jixu 18 were increased significantly, however, its soluble protein content, amylase/ amylopectin ratio and RVA value decreased. The performance of Aya. was quite different from Jishu 18. The dry matter content, soluble protein content, anthocyanin content, amylopectin content, amylase/ amylopectin ratio and RVA value of Aya. were increased significantly, but its soluble sugar concent, amylase content and starch content decreased to different extent.
2. The differences of sweet potato leaf physiological activities were the main factors influencing root yield and qualities. During the whole growing period, the leaf soluable sugar content, protein content, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, phosphoenolpyrubate carboxylase(RuBPCase) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase(PEPCase) activities of Jishu 18 were significantly higher than that of Yama, SOD and CAT activities of Jishu18 were higher than that of Aya. and Yama either, but the POD activity and MDA content of Jishu18 were lower than that of Aya. and Yama.. The leaf IAA content of Jishu 18 was significantly higher than that of Aya. and Yama. in the early and fast thicking stages of root, but in the late growth stage, which was much lower than that of Aya.and Yama. ZR changing trend was similar as IAA. ABA content of Jishu18 was always higher than that of Aya.and Yama during the whole growing period. For the above characters, Yama always performed the lowest among three of them.
Under field shading, the leaf chlorophyll, chla and chlb content increased in different level, but the chla/chlb decreased significantly, the soluble sugar content, RuBPCase activity, ATP content and ATPase activity were all decreased significantly, which resulted in the net photosynthesis rate, the transpiration rate and leaf Gs decreased significantly. However, the leaf CO2 concentration among cells increased markedly. The leaf SOD and CAT activities decreased, MDA content increased under shorter shading condition, whereas which performed the contrast results under longer shading condition. Under shorter shading condition, the leaf IAA content decreased, ABA content increased rapidly, which would inhabit the leaf growth. Under long term shading condition, the leaf IAA content increased rapidly, which was markedly higher than that of CK. ABA content decreased significantly, and the contents of GAs and ZR were significantly lower than that of CK according to the process and strength of the weak light stress. The results from cultivars told that the variation scopes of every trait measured in Jishu 18 were much higher than that of Aya., which indicated that Jishu 18 was more sensitive to weak light stress.
Under plastic mulch condition, the leaf soluble sugar and protein content increased significantly for two cultivars. The chlorophyll content of Jishu 18 was higher than that of CK during all growing stages. However, that of Aya. was higher than CK in the early growing stage and lower than CK in the middle and late growing stage. The leaf RuBPcase activity, content of ATP and ATPase activity and leaf photosynthesis rate were significantly increased. The metabolic ability of active oxygen markedly improved in early and middle growing stage. The leaf activity of SOD, CAT and POD were significantly higher than that of CK, and the accumulation of MDA was obviously decreased in early and middle growing stage. However, the performance of those traits was no obvious difference between the treatment of plastic mulch and CK in the late growing stage. The culture practice of plastic mulch could significantly increase the content of IAA, GAs and ZR, and decrease the content of ABA, in the leaf during early and middle growing stage. However, there was no obvious difference between the treatment and CK in the late growing stage
3. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormone concentrations in sweet potato root with different genotypes in different root enlarging stage and different shading treatment were investigated. The results indicated that the formation and enlargement of sweet potato tuberous root were caused in coordination with many hormones like ZR, ABA and IAA and so on. And the concentrations of ZR and ABA played very important roles in the rate of tuberous root enlarging, which were positively correlated with root yield. The photosynthetic assimilate produced from green biomass above ground allocated to different‘sink’under the ground in different root development stage. The bigger roots were the key point for root development in early root enlargement stage, because the concentrations of endogenous hormones were highest in bigger roots at the stage. Hormone concentrations in middle sized roots were highest in peak stage of root enlargement, whereas the key development part was little roots in late root enlargement stage. Endogenous hormones distribution in root demonstrated apical advantage. The hormone concentrations in top, middle parts of a root were always higher than that of end part of a root in different development stages. The active development of secondary cadium probably closely related with the concentrations of IAA and ZR. The concentrations of IAA, ZR and DHZR were all highest in the middle and inner part in roots at peak enlargement stage, apart form ABA.
Long term of weak light stress greatly affected the endogenous hormones balance in sweet potato root. The concentrations of ABA, ZR and IAA were significantly lower than that of CK, and the decreasing range was positively correlated with stress strength and stress time. However, the concentrations of GAs demonstrated the reverse trend. The weak light stress caused the increase of GAs in root with different extent. The results showed that Jishu 18 was more sensitive to weak light than Aya. The decrease values of ABA, ZR and IAA concentrations of Jishu 18 roots at conditions of 40% shading and 70% shading were much higher than that of Aya.. However, the increase value of GAs concentration of Jishu 18 was lower than that of Aya. The results above further indicated that ABA, ZR and IAA played very important roles in the enlargement of sweet potato tuberous root.
Under plastic mulch condition, the hormone content in the root changed as the following: The IAA content of Jishu 18 decreased significantly in the early and middle growing stage, and increased in the late growing stage. The GAs content of Jishu 18 increased in the early and late growing stage, and decreased in the middle growing stage. However, the IAA and GAs contents of Aya were lower than that of CK in the whole growing stage. The ABA and ZR contents increased significantly, especially, they were extremely higher than that of CK in the root fast thickening stage. Those result showed once again that ABA and ZR play key roles in the tuberous roots thickening of sweetpotato.
4. The root starch content was closely correlated with relative enzymes associated with starch synthesis. The root starch contents in purple sweet potato were positively correlated with the activities of ADPG PPase and UDPG PPase significantly. The activities of ADPG PPase probably had a bigger influence on root starch content than that of UDPG PPase. The amylose content in tuberous root increased with the increase of the GBSS activity. However, there was no significantly positive correlation between those two traits. The GBSS activity was not positively correlated with the root amylopetin content as well.
The weak light stress with different level caused the activities of ADPGase and UDPGase decreased significantly. The differences of those enzymes among treatments were extremely significant in the period of 10-30 days after shading. The differences of enzymes were relatively small in late shading stage. And enzymes in Jishu 18 decreased much than that in Aya.. The root activities of SSS in Jishu 18 significantly decreased under weak light stress, and the decrease range were positively correlated with the strength of weak light stress. However, the activities of GBSS were higher than CK in different level. For Aya., the activities of SSS in root was higher than CK, whereas, the activities of GBSS were decreased with lowering of weak light stress strength. The activities changes of enzymes related to starch synthesis resulted in the decrease of starch accumulation rate and significant reduction of starch accumulation, and starch components and processing quality changed as well.
Under plastic mulch condition, the ADPGPPase activity of Jish18 increased by 19.5%, but it decreased by 7.4% in Aya. The UDPGPPase activity in two cultivars increased to certain. The increase of Jishu 18 was higher than that of Aya, and the increase in the root fast thickening stage higher than that in the early and late root thickening stage. The SSS activity of Aya increased, whereas the GBSS activity decreased. The SSS activity of Jishu 18 was slightly lower than that of CK, and the GBSS activity was significantly higher than that of CK. The culture practice with plastic mulch made the enzymes activities changed greatly, which caused the increase of starch accumulation rate and starch final accumulation amount, the starch composition and processing quality changed as well.
5. The activity of PAL was closely associated with anthocyanin accumulation in tuberous root of purple sweet potato. The anthocyanin content was significantly positively correlated with the activity of PAL in the beginning of root enlargement (35-50 days after transplant). As long with the enlargement of root gradually, although the accumulation of anthocyanin increased, the PAL activity decreased, and the correlation between those two traits significantly reduced. There was almost no correlation in the peak and late stages of root enlargement (65-120 days after transplant).
The activities of PAL were not lowered under weak light stress conditions during root enlargement period. The PAL activities of different treatments at the beginning of shading were slightly lowered than CK, and the difference was not significant. The PAL activities in late shading stage were slightly higher than that of CK, which indicated that PAL participated in anthocyanin synthesis, and probably played key role in the synthesis initiation stage. However, PAL was not key enzyme for the synthesis of anthocyanin in other stages.
本研究选用产量潜力不同,淀粉和花青素含量差别较大的三个紫心甘薯品种济薯18、Ayamuraska (Aya.)和Yamagawamuraska(Yama.),于块根膨大期进行不同梯度遮荫处理(40%、70%),于薯苗栽插时进行地膜覆盖处理,系统研究了紫甘薯产量和品质形成的生理机制及对弱光胁迫和地膜覆盖的响应,以期为专用紫甘薯品种优质高产栽培提供理论依据。主要研究结果如下:
1.不同基因型紫甘薯及不同处理产量和品质差异
供试的三个品种块根产量以济薯18最高,是Aya.的1.91倍, Yama.的3.92倍。块根干物质含量、淀粉含量及花青素含量以Aya最高,Yama.次之,济薯18最低,品种间差异显著。块根可溶性糖含量和蛋白质含量品种间差异不显著。
弱光胁迫导致块根严重减产,品质发生改变。40%和70%遮荫处理块根减产幅度为29.8%-69.3%,块根加工品质下降,总淀粉含量、花青素含量显著降低,淀粉组分变化因品种而异,可溶性糖和蛋白质含量随弱光胁迫强度不同程度增加。
地膜覆盖显著提高块根产量,增产幅度为18.85%-26.96%。覆膜栽培对块根品质的影响因品种而异。济薯18块根的干物质含量、总淀粉含量、直链淀粉含量、可溶性糖含量、花青素含量显著增加,可溶性蛋白质含量降低,淀粉支/直比下降,RVA各项指标显著低于对照;Aya.块根的干物质含量、花青素含量、可溶性蛋白质含量显著高于对照,但总淀粉含量略低于对照,支链淀粉含量上升,直链淀粉含量下降,支链淀粉/直链淀粉比显著高于对照,可溶性糖含量显著下降,全粉的高峰粘度、低谷粘度和衰减值显著高于对照。
2.不同基因型及不同处理叶片生理活性的差异
整个生育期,济薯18叶片的可溶性糖含量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、单叶净光合速率、RuBPCase羧化酶活性、清除活性氧毒害的能力等均显著高于Aya.,Yama叶片生理活性最低。济薯18叶片的IAA含量在生长发育的前、中期显著高于Aya.和Yama.,后期显著低于Aya.和Yama.。ABA含量全生育期一直显著高于Aya.和Yama, ZR含量变化动态与IAA基本一致,Aya.次之,Yama最低。
弱光胁迫导致叶片生理活性显著下降。弱光胁迫下叶片叶绿素总含量, chla, chlb含量不同程度增加,chla/chlb、可溶性糖含量、RuBPCase活性、ATP含量和ATP酶活性等显著降低,导致光合速率、蒸腾速率显著降低,气孔导度显著减小,细胞间隙CO2浓度显著增加。短期弱光胁迫下叶片SOD、CAT活性下降,MDA积累量上升。长期弱光胁迫下叶片SOD、CAT等活性提高,MDA积累减少。短期弱光胁迫可降低叶片的IAA含量,叶片ABA含量成倍增加,抑制茎叶生长。但长期弱光胁迫下,叶片IAA含量迅速上升,显著超过对照,ABA含量却显著降低,GAs和ZR含量随胁迫进程和强度显著低于对照。品种间比较,济薯18对弱光胁迫更为敏感。
覆膜栽培可显著提高叶片生理活性。覆膜栽培下,叶片可溶性糖含量及蛋白质含量显著增加,叶绿素含量济薯18全生育期均高于对照,Aya.前期高于对照,中后期下降。生长发育前、中期叶片RuBPCase活性,ATP含量和ATP酶活性,叶片光合速率,SOD、CAT、POD活性,IAA、GAs及ZR含量等均显著高于对照,MDA积累量显著降低,ABA含量显著低于对照。生长发育后期处理除ABA含量显著高于对照外,其他指标处理与对照间差异不显著,两品种表现一致。
3.紫甘薯块根膨大与内源激素的关系及不同处理对其影响效应
本研究表明,甘薯块根的形成和膨大是ZR、ABA和IAA等多种内源激素共同作用的结果,ZR和ABA含量的高低,在块根膨大的速率方面起着关键作用,与块根产量间存在显著正相关关系。在块根发育的不同阶段,地上部制造的光合产物向地下部输送储存的“库”重点不同。块根中各种内源激素的分布具有顶端优势,块根顶部、中部内源激素均高于尾部。次生形成层分裂旺盛与否可能与IAA、ZR等内源激素含量高低关系密切。
长期弱光胁迫可使甘薯块根内源激素平衡发生很大改变,块根ABA、ZR、和IAA含量均显著低于对照,且下降幅度与胁迫强度、胁迫时间成正比,GAs含量则表现为相反的趋势。品种间比较,济薯18对弱光胁迫的敏感度大于Aya, 40%和70%遮荫处理的块根ABA、ZR、和IAA含量下降值远远高于Aya.但GAs含量的增加值则低于Aya.
覆膜栽培下,块根IAA含量全生育期平均显著下降,两品种表现趋势不同,济薯18前、中期显著下降,后期上升,Aya.整个生育期均低于对照。济薯18前期和后期的GAs含量上升,其它阶段的含量下降。Aya.整个生育阶段GAs含量均低于对照。覆膜处理可显著增加块根ABA和ZR含量,尤其使块根膨大高峰期块根的ABA和ZR含量极显著高于对照,
4.紫甘薯块根淀粉含量及组分与淀粉合成相关酶活性关系及对不同处理的响应
紫甘薯块根淀粉含量和ADPG PPase活性、UDPG PPase活性间存在显著正相关关系, ADPG PPase活性强弱对块根淀粉含量影响可能大于UDPG PPase。GBSS活性增加,甘薯块根直链淀粉含量随之增加,但不表现显著的正相关关系。SSS活性与甘薯块根支链淀粉合成也呈不显著正相关关系。
弱光胁迫使两个品种的ADPGase、UDPGase活性显著降低,济薯18下降的幅度大于Aya。济薯18块根SSS活性显著降低,降低幅度与弱光胁迫强度成正比,GBSS活性则不同程度高于对照。Aya.块根SSS活性和GBSS活性对弱光胁迫响应与济薯18相反。弱光胁迫下淀粉合成相关酶活性的改变导致淀粉积累速率的降低和最终淀粉积累量的显著下降,淀粉组分和加工品质随之发生改变。
覆膜栽培不同程度提高块根的ADPGPPase和UDPGPPase活性,济薯18的提高幅度大于Aya.,块根膨大高峰期的提高幅度大于前期和后期。SSS和GBSS活性变化因品种而异,Aya.块根SSS活性提高,GBSS活性降低,济薯18块根SSS活性略低于对照,GBSS活性显著高于对照。淀粉合成相关酶活性的提高导致了淀粉积累速率的提高和最终淀粉积累量的改变,块根增产显著,品质改善。
5.PAL活性与块根花青素含量的关系及对弱光胁迫的响应
甘薯块根膨大初期(移栽后35-50d),花青素含量与PAL活性间呈密切的正相关关系,此后相关性显著降低,到块根膨大的高峰期和后期,则几乎没有相关性。
弱光胁迫对块根PAL活性影响较小,遮荫初期,不同处理的PAL活性略低于对照,但差异不显著,遮荫后期,不同处理的PAL活性略高于对照,表明PAL参与甘薯块根花青素的合成,在花青素合成的初期阶段,可能发挥关键作用,其他阶段PAL则可能不是花青素合成的关键酶。
Purple flesh sweet potato has great marketing potential in medicine and food industries, however, very little information is available on the formation of quality among different genotypes under various cultivation conditions. The present study was carried out in 2005 and 2006 cropping seasons with three purple flesh sweet potato cultivars Jishu18, Ayamuraska and Yamagawamuraska. Those three genotypes varied in yield potential, starch and anthocyanin content in tuberous root. Field trials were subject to shading treatment in root thicking stage with different shadingt treatment (0, 40% and 70%). The second field trial was subject to cover the ridge with plastic film. Recorded traits included yield potential, dry matter distribution, developmental dynamics of source and sink organs, physiological activities of leaves, hormone physiology of tuberous root formation and enlargement, dynamic changes of starch synthase in the process of tuberous root enlargement and starch accumulation, and the effect of weak light stress and plastic mulch growing on the physiological mechanism of tuberous root yield and quality formation of different sweet potato genotypes. The main results were present below.
1. There were significant differences in root yield and root quality among different sweet potato cultivars. The root yield of Jishu 18 was the highest, which was 1.91 times of Aya. and 3.92 times of Yama. The dry matter content and starch content of Aya. were 6.6% and 2.9% higher than that of Yama., and 11.0% and 6.8% higher than that of Jishu18. There were no significant differences in terms of amylopectin content among three genotypes. However, the amylose content of Aya. was 5.1 % and 8.2% higher than that of Yama. and Jish18, respectively. The anthocyanin contents were significant different among three genotypes. The anthocyanin content of Aya. was 60.3mg/100g in fresh sample, which was 1.5 times that of Yama., and 4.3 times that of Jishu18. There were no significant differences for the soluable sugar and protein content among different cultivars.
The weak light condition (shading) caused the root yield decreased significantly, and root processing quality decreased as well. When field plots were shaded by 40% and 70% during root thicking stage, the tuberous root yield was decreased by 29.8%-69.3%, and the processing quality decreased as well. The starch content and anthocyanin content were decreased significantly because of shading. The amylose content of sticky Jishu 18 increased and the amylopectin content of it decreased. However, Aya. exhibited a reverse trend for amylose and amylopectin content. Root soluble sugar and protein content increased to different extent.
The culture practice with plastic mulch could increase the root yield significantly. The tuberous root yield of Jishu18 and Aya. increased by 18.85% and 26.96% on the average in two years, respectively. The contents of dry matter, starch, amylose, soluble sugar and anthocyanin of Jixu 18 were increased significantly, however, its soluble protein content, amylase/ amylopectin ratio and RVA value decreased. The performance of Aya. was quite different from Jishu 18. The dry matter content, soluble protein content, anthocyanin content, amylopectin content, amylase/ amylopectin ratio and RVA value of Aya. were increased significantly, but its soluble sugar concent, amylase content and starch content decreased to different extent.
2. The differences of sweet potato leaf physiological activities were the main factors influencing root yield and qualities. During the whole growing period, the leaf soluable sugar content, protein content, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, phosphoenolpyrubate carboxylase(RuBPCase) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase(PEPCase) activities of Jishu 18 were significantly higher than that of Yama, SOD and CAT activities of Jishu18 were higher than that of Aya. and Yama either, but the POD activity and MDA content of Jishu18 were lower than that of Aya. and Yama.. The leaf IAA content of Jishu 18 was significantly higher than that of Aya. and Yama. in the early and fast thicking stages of root, but in the late growth stage, which was much lower than that of Aya.and Yama. ZR changing trend was similar as IAA. ABA content of Jishu18 was always higher than that of Aya.and Yama during the whole growing period. For the above characters, Yama always performed the lowest among three of them.
Under field shading, the leaf chlorophyll, chla and chlb content increased in different level, but the chla/chlb decreased significantly, the soluble sugar content, RuBPCase activity, ATP content and ATPase activity were all decreased significantly, which resulted in the net photosynthesis rate, the transpiration rate and leaf Gs decreased significantly. However, the leaf CO2 concentration among cells increased markedly. The leaf SOD and CAT activities decreased, MDA content increased under shorter shading condition, whereas which performed the contrast results under longer shading condition. Under shorter shading condition, the leaf IAA content decreased, ABA content increased rapidly, which would inhabit the leaf growth. Under long term shading condition, the leaf IAA content increased rapidly, which was markedly higher than that of CK. ABA content decreased significantly, and the contents of GAs and ZR were significantly lower than that of CK according to the process and strength of the weak light stress. The results from cultivars told that the variation scopes of every trait measured in Jishu 18 were much higher than that of Aya., which indicated that Jishu 18 was more sensitive to weak light stress.
Under plastic mulch condition, the leaf soluble sugar and protein content increased significantly for two cultivars. The chlorophyll content of Jishu 18 was higher than that of CK during all growing stages. However, that of Aya. was higher than CK in the early growing stage and lower than CK in the middle and late growing stage. The leaf RuBPcase activity, content of ATP and ATPase activity and leaf photosynthesis rate were significantly increased. The metabolic ability of active oxygen markedly improved in early and middle growing stage. The leaf activity of SOD, CAT and POD were significantly higher than that of CK, and the accumulation of MDA was obviously decreased in early and middle growing stage. However, the performance of those traits was no obvious difference between the treatment of plastic mulch and CK in the late growing stage. The culture practice of plastic mulch could significantly increase the content of IAA, GAs and ZR, and decrease the content of ABA, in the leaf during early and middle growing stage. However, there was no obvious difference between the treatment and CK in the late growing stage
3. The dynamic changes of endogenous hormone concentrations in sweet potato root with different genotypes in different root enlarging stage and different shading treatment were investigated. The results indicated that the formation and enlargement of sweet potato tuberous root were caused in coordination with many hormones like ZR, ABA and IAA and so on. And the concentrations of ZR and ABA played very important roles in the rate of tuberous root enlarging, which were positively correlated with root yield. The photosynthetic assimilate produced from green biomass above ground allocated to different‘sink’under the ground in different root development stage. The bigger roots were the key point for root development in early root enlargement stage, because the concentrations of endogenous hormones were highest in bigger roots at the stage. Hormone concentrations in middle sized roots were highest in peak stage of root enlargement, whereas the key development part was little roots in late root enlargement stage. Endogenous hormones distribution in root demonstrated apical advantage. The hormone concentrations in top, middle parts of a root were always higher than that of end part of a root in different development stages. The active development of secondary cadium probably closely related with the concentrations of IAA and ZR. The concentrations of IAA, ZR and DHZR were all highest in the middle and inner part in roots at peak enlargement stage, apart form ABA.
Long term of weak light stress greatly affected the endogenous hormones balance in sweet potato root. The concentrations of ABA, ZR and IAA were significantly lower than that of CK, and the decreasing range was positively correlated with stress strength and stress time. However, the concentrations of GAs demonstrated the reverse trend. The weak light stress caused the increase of GAs in root with different extent. The results showed that Jishu 18 was more sensitive to weak light than Aya. The decrease values of ABA, ZR and IAA concentrations of Jishu 18 roots at conditions of 40% shading and 70% shading were much higher than that of Aya.. However, the increase value of GAs concentration of Jishu 18 was lower than that of Aya. The results above further indicated that ABA, ZR and IAA played very important roles in the enlargement of sweet potato tuberous root.
Under plastic mulch condition, the hormone content in the root changed as the following: The IAA content of Jishu 18 decreased significantly in the early and middle growing stage, and increased in the late growing stage. The GAs content of Jishu 18 increased in the early and late growing stage, and decreased in the middle growing stage. However, the IAA and GAs contents of Aya were lower than that of CK in the whole growing stage. The ABA and ZR contents increased significantly, especially, they were extremely higher than that of CK in the root fast thickening stage. Those result showed once again that ABA and ZR play key roles in the tuberous roots thickening of sweetpotato.
4. The root starch content was closely correlated with relative enzymes associated with starch synthesis. The root starch contents in purple sweet potato were positively correlated with the activities of ADPG PPase and UDPG PPase significantly. The activities of ADPG PPase probably had a bigger influence on root starch content than that of UDPG PPase. The amylose content in tuberous root increased with the increase of the GBSS activity. However, there was no significantly positive correlation between those two traits. The GBSS activity was not positively correlated with the root amylopetin content as well.
The weak light stress with different level caused the activities of ADPGase and UDPGase decreased significantly. The differences of those enzymes among treatments were extremely significant in the period of 10-30 days after shading. The differences of enzymes were relatively small in late shading stage. And enzymes in Jishu 18 decreased much than that in Aya.. The root activities of SSS in Jishu 18 significantly decreased under weak light stress, and the decrease range were positively correlated with the strength of weak light stress. However, the activities of GBSS were higher than CK in different level. For Aya., the activities of SSS in root was higher than CK, whereas, the activities of GBSS were decreased with lowering of weak light stress strength. The activities changes of enzymes related to starch synthesis resulted in the decrease of starch accumulation rate and significant reduction of starch accumulation, and starch components and processing quality changed as well.
Under plastic mulch condition, the ADPGPPase activity of Jish18 increased by 19.5%, but it decreased by 7.4% in Aya. The UDPGPPase activity in two cultivars increased to certain. The increase of Jishu 18 was higher than that of Aya, and the increase in the root fast thickening stage higher than that in the early and late root thickening stage. The SSS activity of Aya increased, whereas the GBSS activity decreased. The SSS activity of Jishu 18 was slightly lower than that of CK, and the GBSS activity was significantly higher than that of CK. The culture practice with plastic mulch made the enzymes activities changed greatly, which caused the increase of starch accumulation rate and starch final accumulation amount, the starch composition and processing quality changed as well.
5. The activity of PAL was closely associated with anthocyanin accumulation in tuberous root of purple sweet potato. The anthocyanin content was significantly positively correlated with the activity of PAL in the beginning of root enlargement (35-50 days after transplant). As long with the enlargement of root gradually, although the accumulation of anthocyanin increased, the PAL activity decreased, and the correlation between those two traits significantly reduced. There was almost no correlation in the peak and late stages of root enlargement (65-120 days after transplant).
The activities of PAL were not lowered under weak light stress conditions during root enlargement period. The PAL activities of different treatments at the beginning of shading were slightly lowered than CK, and the difference was not significant. The PAL activities in late shading stage were slightly higher than that of CK, which indicated that PAL participated in anthocyanin synthesis, and probably played key role in the synthesis initiation stage. However, PAL was not key enzyme for the synthesis of anthocyanin in other stages.
引文
1. (日)安田齐. 花色的生理生物化学(M)北京,中国林业出版社,1989,68-100
2. 北条良夫,加藤真次郎. Thickening Growth Inhibition and Re-thickening Growth of Tuberous Roots of SweetPotato Plants(Ipomoea batatas poiret)(J).日作记,1976,45(1):131-1381
3. 长田龙太郎. 甘薯茎尖培养苗利用及防止再感染技术. 国外农学-杂粮作物, 1991,(1):46-48
4. 陈以峰,周燮. 氯化胆碱对盐胁迫下甘薯扦枝生根的影响初报. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1995,4:36-38.
5. 陈云池. 甘薯同化物质积累和块根膨大规律的初步探讨. 中国农业科学. 1961,9:25-29
6. 方忠祥等. 紫肉甘薯中花青素在不同环境条件下稳定性的研究. 食品与发酵工业,2002,28(10):31-34
7. 樊黎生. 甘薯淀粉基本特性的研究. 粮食与饲料工业,2001,2,49-51
8. 高桥节子等.日本食品工业学会志.1985.32(37):181-187
9. 高辉远,邹琦,程炳蒿. 甘薯光合活力、羧化效率日变化与光合午休的关系. 作物学报, 1997,23(1):62-65
10. 国分祯二. 甘薯块根组织结构与淀粉积累的关系的研究. 鹿儿岛大学农学部学术报告,1973,23:1-126
11. 宫崎,丈史. 甘薯皮色及表皮花青素在生长发育和贮藏中的变化.《园艺学会杂志》[日]1992,61卷,1期,191-197
12. 关冈行. The Influenceof Light Intensity on the Translocation of Sucrose-14C in the SweetPotato Plant(J).日作记,1962,31:159-162
13. 何冰,许鸿源,陈京. 干旱胁迫对甘薯叶片质膜透性及抗氧化酶类的影响. 广西农业大学学报, 1997,16(4):287-290
14. 何钟佩主编. 农作物化学控制实验指导. 中国农业大学出版社,1993
15. 何钟佩主编. 作物激素生理及化学控制. 中国农业大学出版社,1996
16. 贺观钦. 江苏旱作科学[M]. 南京:江苏科技出版社,1995
17. 华根林. 甘薯地膜覆盖栽培技术研究. 中国甘薯,1987,1:123-125
18. 黄华宏. 甘薯淀粉理化特性研究. 浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002,5
19. 黄建中,陈子元. ABA IAA 和 CaM 对发育菜豆子叶质膜 H+-ATPase 活力的影响(J).植物生理学报,1996,22(4):337-343
20. 户茨义次. 甘薯块根形成及其育苗理论. 综合作物学,1952
21. 季楚法. 叶片细胞的膜束缚 ATP 酶活性的测定. 细胞生物学杂志,1983,5(3):21-24
22. 津野幸人,藤濑一马. Studies on the DryMatter Production of Sweet Potato(J).日作记,1964,33:230-235;236-2411
23. 江苏农科院,山东农科院主编. 中国甘薯栽培学. 上海科技出版社,1984
24. 金茂国 吴嘉根 吴旭初. 粉丝生产用淀粉性质及其与粉丝品质关系的研究. 无锡轻工大学学报.1995.14(4):307-312
25. 雷鸣 卢晓黎 何自新. 常用淀粉对甘薯粉糊化特性的影响. 食品科学,2002,23卷,第1期,31-33
26. 雷鸣 卢晓黎 何自新. 淀粉种类对甘薯膨化食品品质的影响. 食品科学,2002, 23卷,第2期,55-58
27. 李立人. 植物和微生物中 ATP 的提取及测定方法评述. 植物生理学通讯,1986(4):5-11
28. 李玲,潘瑞帜. BA对花生叶片蔗糖和淀粉代谢有关酶活性的影响. 热带亚热带植物学报,1994,2(2):52-57
29. 李良,高景辉. 甘薯品种间光合产物的生产及分配研究. 中华农学会报,1985,新131 期:10-23
30. 李良,李景辉. 甘薯品种间光合产物的生产及分配的关系. 中华农学会报,1985,新131期:10-23
31. 李良. 甘薯形态与生理性状和块根收量之间的关系. 中华农学会报,1989,147:10-27
32. 李良.甘薯增产可能性及其限制因素之探讨与改良对策.科学农业. 1980,28(5-6):173-180
33. 李良,廖嘉信,陈玲兰. 甘薯食味和理化性质之变异及其与食味之关系.(J)中华农学会报,1992,新165,19-31
34. 李良,廖嘉信,陈玲兰等. 环境因素对甘薯理化性质及食用品质之影响. 中华农学会报,1992,新160:32-40
35. 李曙轩,寿诚学. 甘薯块根的发育形态. 植物学报,1956,5(2):207-222
36. 李文卿,潘廷国,柯玉琴. 土壤水分胁迫对甘薯苗期活性氧代谢的影响. 福建农业学报, 2000,15(4):45-50
37. 李亚男,陈太清. 水杨酸对甘薯的生理效应和块根产量的影响. 湖北农学院学报,1996,16(3):190-193.
38. 李卓杰编著. 植物激素及其应用. 中山大学出版社,1993
39. 梁荣奇,张义荣,姚大年,李保云,尤明山,刘广田. 小麦淀粉品质改良的综合标记辅助选择体系的建立. 中国农业科学,2002,35(3):245-249
40. 林先明,顿德银,谢玲玲. 甘薯叶绿素含量的遗传特性研究. 国外农学-杂粮作物, 1999,19(2):13-17
41. 林植芬. 水稻叶片衰老与超氧物歧化酶活性基膜脂过氧化作用的关系. 植物生理学报, 1984,26 (6):605
42. 刘志皋. 食品添加剂手册(M)北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999,91-120
43. 陆国权等. 紫心甘薯花青苷的提取和纯化及其组分分析. 天然产物研究与开发,1997,9(3):48-51
44. 陆国权. 紫心甘薯的理化品质及其加工适应性研究. 中国粮油学报,2000,第15卷,第一期,45-49
45. 陆国权. 甘薯重要品质性状的基因型差异及其环境效应研. 浙江大学博士论文,2002,12-267
46. 陆漱韵,刘庆昌,李惟基编著. 甘薯育种学. 中国农业出版社,1998
47. 陆漱韵,郑相如,李惟基等. 甘薯块根形成的形态学及高淀粉育种早期鉴定的初步探讨. 北京农业大学学报,1981,7(3):13-20
48. 罗小明等. 甘薯生长过程植株各器官蛋白质的分配和积累. 中国甘薯,1990,4:71-77
49. 罗志刚 高群玉 杨连生. 甘薯淀粉性质的研究. 食品科技,2004,2,15-17
50. 毛建华. 甘薯地下部生长对产量的影响. 中国甘薯,1987,1:75-77
51. 孟详春,张玉进,王小青. 玉米根中花色苷积累的某些影响因子研究. 华南示范大学学报,2002,4:25:29
52. 芮仁廉等. 超氧物歧化酶(SOD)作为甘薯种质资源抗逆性参数的研究. 中国甘薯,1990,4:17-21
53. 史春余,王振林,余松烈 土壤通气性对甘薯产量的影响及其生理机制. 中国农业科学,2001,34(2):173-178
54. 沈淞海,黄冲平, 沈海铭. 甘薯生长发育过程中的一些重要生化特性. 浙江农业学报, 1994,6(2):98～101
55. 沈淞海,沈海铭,吴建华. 甘薯生长发育过程中可溶性糖含量与淀粉积累的关系. 浙江农业大学学报, 1994,20(4):400～404
56. 盛家廉,颜振德,于成祖等. 甘薯丰产品种和理性态结构的研究. 江苏农学报,1963,(2):39-51
57. 许智宏,刘春明. 植物发育的分子机理(M).北京:科学出版社,1998,107-116.
58. 王树钿,于作庆.甘薯在不同土壤条件下高产规律的初步研究.中国农业科学, 1981,(1):49-55
59. 王新钗,刘炳勋,季敏. 甘薯不同品中块根膨大过程的研究. I-甘薯不同品种根的初生结构比较研究. 中国甘薯,1987,1:102-105
60. 王文质,杜述荣等. 甘薯淀粉含量和形态的遗传. 中国甘薯.1987,1:86-88
61. 王兴银. 弱光逆境对黄瓜生长发育及光合作用的影响,1999
62. 伍泽常等. ABA, CTK 和 MDA 对 SOD 活性的影响. 植物生理通讯,1990,26(4):30
63. 武田 英之. 甘薯的生理生态与栽培技术. 国外农学—杂粮作物,1989,4:33～35
64. 西北农业大学编. 基础生化实验指导. 陕西科学技术出版社,1986
65. 小仓谦. 甘薯块根形成的解剖学观察. 农业及园艺,1945,20(8):331～334
66. 小仓谦. 甘薯块根形成的解剖学观察. 农业及园艺,1945,20(9):381～383
67. 小元敬男,上和田勉. Effects of Shading on Growth and yield of Taro(J).农业气象(J).1982,38(1):55-581
68. 熊野诚一,藤濑一马. Influence of Environmental Conditions of Roots on the Tuberous Roots Formation of SweetPotato(J).日作记,1965,34(1):35-391
69. 杨建昌等. 水稻灌浆期籽粒中 3 个与淀粉合成有关的酶活性变化. 作物学报,2001, 27(2):157-164
70. 杨宗广,罗小明. 甘薯产量形成动态及蛋白质的分配与积累. 华南农业大学学报, 1991,12(2):104-110
71. 姚大年,李保云,梁荣奇,刘广田. 基因型和环境对小麦品种淀粉性状及面条品质的影响. 中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):63～68
72. 姚大年,刘广田. 淀粉理化特性、遗传规律及小麦淀粉与品质的关系. 粮食与饲料工业,1997(2):36～38.
73. 余增赛. 甘薯高产生理指标及其科学栽培方法. 中国农业科学,1981,(6):50-55
74. 郁继华,张国斌,冯致,李霞. 低温弱光对辣椒幼苗抗氧化酶活性与质膜透性的影响. 西北植物学报,2005,25 卷,12 期, 2478-2483.
75. 曾骧,果树生理学,北京;北京农业大学出版社,1992,259-264
76. 张国平. 甘薯的化学组成. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1987(1):130-132
77. 张明生,谈锋,张启堂. 水分胁迫下甘薯的生理变化与抗旱性的关系. 国外农学-杂粮作物, 1999,19(2):35-39
78. 张启堂,付玉凡,杨春贤等. 甘薯和 Ipomoea Trifida 生长期间玉米素含量的变化.第一届徐州国际甘薯育种学术会议论文,1998
79. 张启堂等. 甘薯和 Ipomoea trifida 根内玉米素含量的高效液相色谱分析,中国甘薯,1996,8:141-144
80. 张兴国,杨正安,杜小兵等. 魔芋 ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 cDNA 片段的克隆.园艺学报,2001,28(3):251-254.
81. 赵春江,康书江等. 植物内源激素与不同基因型小麦抗旱性关系的研究.华北农学报,2000,15(3):51-54
82. 郑丕尧. 甘薯块根形成机制的理论探讨. 农学学报,1959
83. 中谷诚. 甘薯块根贮存能力形成的研究现状与展望. 日本农业技术, 1991,46(11):495～499
84. 周燮, 夏凯. 脱落酸的生物合成、代谢和作用机理. 余叔文, 汤章城,主编,植物生理与分子生物学.北京:科技出版社,1999,476-492
85. 周培庆等. 长富2果实着色与其影响因素的相关分析. 烟台果树,1984,(2):11-15
86. 朱迎春,徐福春. 植物激素在杂粮作物中的应用. 国外农学-杂粮作物.1995, (1):33-37
87. 庄伟建,苏金为,彭时饶等.B9 对花生叶片 ATP 酶活性和光合产物运输的影响(J).作物学报, 1991, 17(4):292-298
88. Bagchi D.Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacal, 1997, 95(2):179
89. Bhagsari AS(1981).徐仁生译. 不同甘薯基因型光合作用率与产量的关系.国外农学-杂粮作物,1983,(3):39-41
90. Bhagsari AS, Harmon SA(1982). 甘薯基因型的光合作用及光合产物的分配. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1983,(2):38-42
91. Bourke RM. Growth analysis of four sweetpotato cultivars in Papua New Guinea. Trop. Agr. (Trinidad) 1983,61(3):177-181
92. Boyer, C. D. Property of citratestimulated starch synthesiscatalyzed by starch synthase of developing maize kernel. Plant physiology, 64: 1039-1042.
93. Braber C,Reynoso,D. Dufour D.Mestres C.etc.Starch content and properties of 106 sweet potato clones from the world germplasm collection held at CIP.Peru In:CIP program report 1997-98.CIP,1999,279-286.
94. Bray E A, Beachy R N. Regulation by ABA of B Conglycinin Expression in Cultured Developing Soybean Cotyledons. Plant Physiol, 1985,79:746～750
95. Brenner, M. L., Cheikh, N., The role of hormones in photosynthate partitioning and seed filling. In Davies, P. J.(ed) Plant hormones, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, Pp649-670. Kluwer Academic Publ., The Netherlands.
96. Cha Ran Choi, Jong Whan Rhim,Yang Kyun Park. Physicochemical properties of purple fleshed sweet potato starch.J Korean Soc.Food Sci.Nutrition,2000,29(1):1-5.
97. Clark. C.A. et al. Compendium of Sweetpotato Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 1988, 74p.
98. Constantin RJ, Hernandez TP and Jones LG. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on quality of sweetpotatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1974,99:308-310
99. Collado L S, Corke H, Properties of Starch Noodles as Affected by Sweet potato Genotype, Cereal Chemistry,1997,74(2):182-187
100.Collado L S, Mabesa R C, Corke H, Genetic Variation in the Physical Properties of Sweet potato Starch, J Agric Food Chem,1999,47:4195-4201
101.Davies PJ. Plant hormones and their roles in plant growth and development. Dordrecht: Martinus Nigjhoff Publishers,1993
102.Denyer K, Dunlap F, Thorbjornsen T, Keeling P and Smith AM. The major form of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm is extra-plastidial. Plant Physiol, 1996, 11 (2): 779-785.
103.Digby J et al. Growth substances and leaf growth. In Baker NR et al. Control of leafgrowth. Cambridge University Press, 1985,57
104.Dreher,M l,Berry J.W.Buffalo gourd root starch 1.Properties and structure. Starch, 1983,35(3):86-92
105.Eigenberger P,Hajirezaei M , Geiger M , Deiting U , Sonnewald U , Stitt M. Overexpression of pyrophosphosphatase leads to increased sucrose degradation and starch synthesis,Increased activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch interconversions, and increased levels of Nucleotides in growing potato tubers. Planta.1998,205(3):428-37.
106.Fisher D B, Gifford R M.Accumulation and conversion of sugars by developing wheat grains.VI,Gradients along the transport pathway from the peduncle to the endosperm cavity during grain filling[J]. Plant Physiol,1986,82:1024-1030
107.Fisher D B, Gifford R M.Accumulation and conversion of sugars by developing wheat grains.VI,Gradients along the transport pathway from the peduncle to the endosperm cavity during grain filling[J]. Plant Physiol,1986,82:1024-1030
108.Frascaron E, R Tuberosa, Plant Breeding , 1993, 110, 250～254
109.Hammett HL. Total carbodrate and carotenoid content of sweetpotatoes as affected by cultivar and area of production. Hortscience,1974, 9(5):467-468
110.Hammett LK and Miller CH. Influence of mineral nutrition and storage on quality factors of “Jewel” sweetpotatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci,1982, 107:972-975
111.Hassan M,(1986),王春林译. 甘薯的源库关系. 农学文摘-作物遗传育种,1987,(6):52-53
112.Helariutta Y,Elomaa P, Kotilainen M et al.Sugar-dependent gibberellin-induced genes in developing petunia flowers(J), Physiologia Plantarum, 2ooo, 109:196-202
113.Hironaka,K. Ishibashi,K. Hakmada Effect of static loading on sugar contents and activities of invertase , UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and sucrose 6-phosphate synthase in potatoes during storage. Potato research 2001,44: 33-39.
114.Hizukuri S. Efect of environment temperature of plants on the physicochemical properties of their starches. J. Jap.Soc. Starch Sci,. 1969,17(1):73-88
115.Iilland P,Aalen R,Olsen OA,Luthi E,Lonneborg A,Kleczkowski LA PCR amplification and sequences of cDNA clones for the small and large subunits of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from barley tissues. Plant Mol Biol 1992,19: 381-389.
116.Islam MS Yoshimoto M Terahara N Yamakawa O, anthocyanin compositions in sweetpoato(Ipomaea batatas L.) leaves, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2002,66(11):2483-2486
117.Jain V K,Guruprasad K N. Effect of chlorocholine chloride and gibberellic acid on the anthcyanin synthesis in radish seedlings(J).Physiologia Plantarum, 1989,75:233-236
118.Jenner, C F, Denyer, K, The rmal characteristics of soluble starch syntheses from wheat endosperm, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1995,22: 703-709.
119.J.M.Bae·J.R.Liu. Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel isoforms of the small subunit of ADP glucose pyrophoshorylase from sweet potato Mol Gen Gent.,1997,254:179-185.
120.Jones R J, Brenner M L. Distribution of Abscisic Acid in Maize Kernel during Grain Filling. Plant Physiol, 1987,84:905～909
121.Kita T W. Is there an alternative pathway for starch synthesis. Plant Physiol.1992.100:560-564.
122.Kitahara K,OoiY, Mizukami S,Suganuma T, Nagahama T. Physic ochemical properties of starches from sweetpotato cultivars.J Appl Glycosci,1996,43:59-66
123.Kolderup, F Effects of temperature, photoperiod and light quality on protein production in wheat grains. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 26(1975)583-592.
124.Konik C M, Mikkelsen L M, Moss, R., and P.J. Relationships between physical starch properties and yellow alkaline noodle quality, Starch / staerke, 1994, 46: 292-299.
125.Koga T.J Agric Food Chem, 1999,47(5):1892
126.Kobayashi MS.Free Res, 2000, 32(2):115
127.L.K.Chua et al. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 1982, 107 (5):866-871
128.Lowe SB,Wilson LA, Comparative analysis of tuber development in six sweetpotato cultivars. I. Tuber initiation, tuber growth and partition of assimilate. Ann. Bot. 1974, 38(155): 307-317
129.Lu G Q(陆国权). Genetypic Variation for some Important Starch Quality traits in Sweet potato, Journal of Zhejiang University (浙江大学学报),2000,26(4):379-383(in Chinese with English Abstract)
130.Martin, C., and A. Smith. Starch biosynthesis. Plant acteristic [J] Plant-Breeding, 1996,115:4,279^R81.
131.Matsui T Ebuchi S Kobayashi M Fukui K Sugita K Terahara N Matsumoto K, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50:7244-7248
132.Matsuo T. et al. Identification of free cytokins and tha change in endogenous levels during tuber development of sweetpotato. Plant and Cell Physol., 1983,24(7):1305-1312
133.Matsuo T. et al. Variation in the levels of major free cytokinins and free abscisic acid during tuber development of sweetpotato. J. Plant Growth Regul., 1988, 7(4):249-258
134.Matthysse AG, Scott TK. Functions of hormones at the whole plant level of organization. In Scott TK(eds). Hormonal regulation of development. II. The functions of hormones from the level of the cell to the whole plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1984
135.McCormick, K. M., Panozzo, J.F.,and Hong, S.H. Swelling power test for selecting potential noodle quality wheats. Aust. J.Agric.Res.1991, 42:317-323.
136.M.C,Acock,J.O.Garner.(1987). 王一民译.甘薯贮藏根分化始期与细胞壁结合的蔗糖酶活性之研究. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1988,3:32-35
137.Md. Shahidul Islam, M. Jalaluddin, James O. Garner, M. Yoshimoto, and O. Yamakawa. Artificial Shading and Temperature Influence on Anthocyanin Compositions in Sweetpotato Leaves. American Society for Horticultural Science.2005(vol.40,No.1)
138.Moalem-Beno D, Tamari G, Leitner-Dagan Y, et al. Sugar-dependent gibberellin-induced chalcone synthase gene expression in petunia corollas (J). Plant physiol,1997,113:419-424.
139.Nakatani and M.Komeichi. Changes in the Endogenous Level of Zeatin Riboside, Abscisic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid during Formation and Thickening of Tuberous Roots in Sweetpotato.Japan J. Crop Sci.1991, 60(1):91～100
140.Nakamura,et al. Plant cell Physiol,1989,30:833-839
141.Neta-Sharir I, Shoesyov O.Weiss D.Sugars enhance the expression of gibberellin-induced genes in developing petunia flowers(J).Physiologia Plantarum, 2000,109:196-202
142.Nikuni Z, Huzukuri S, Fujii M, Doi K, etc. Effect of cultivating soil temperature on the propertiea of sweet potato starch. Agric.Chem.Soc.(Japan). 1963,37:673-676
143.Noda T, Kobayashi T and Suda I. Effect of soil temperature on starch properties of sweetpotatoes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2001, 44:239-246
144.Nooden LD. ABA, Auxin and other regulators of senescence. In Nooden LD(ed). Senescence and aging in plants. Sean Diego: Academic Press, 1988.241-245
145.Okita, T. W., Is there an alternative pathway for starch synthesis? Plant Physiology, 1992,100,560.
146.Peeling P L.Wood J R Tyson H et al.Starch biosynthesis in the developing wheat grain. Plant Physiol.1988.87.
147.P.bridle, Anthocyanins as natural food colours-selected aspect(J), Food Chemistry ,1997:103-109
148.Preiss,J.. Biology and molecular biology of starch synthesis and its regulation. In:Miflin,B.J.(ed.)1991,371-423 Oxford Academic Press,Inc.,NY.
149.Reeves, C.D. et al. Gene expression in developing wheat endosperm, Plant physio.1986, 82, 34-40.
150.Reiu D.J Nutr, 2000,130(8 suppl):2120s
151. R.Melis 等著(陶过清译). 薯类作物的成块作用和激素. 国外农学--杂粮作物,1985,(2)19～23
152.Saura,M.C.(邓西民译). 苹果花色苷形成的外部调控(述评). 国外农学-果树,1991,(1):1-8
153.S.B.Lowe and L.A.Wilson. Comparative Analysis of tuber development in six sweetpotato cultivars. Ann. Bot. 1974,38:319-326
154.ShuQ-Y(舒庆尧),Wu D-X(吴殿星),XiaY-W(夏英武),Gao M-W(高明尉). Relation ship between RVA profile character and eating quality in Oryza sativa L,Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学),1998,31(3):25-29 (in Chinese with English abstract)
155.Singh A,Selvi M T, Sharma R. Effect of Chlorocholine chloride and gibberellic acid on the anthocyanin synthesis in radish seedingings (J). Physiologis Plantarum, 1989,75:233-236
156.S.K.Hahn. Sweetpotato. Academic press, INC, 1977
157.Subone,F. Kubota,K. Saitou,M. Kadowakienhancement of tuberous root production and adenosine 5’ – Diphosphate pyrophosphorylase(AGP)activity in sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)by exogenous injection of sucrose solution. J. Agronomy & Crop Science 2000,184: 181-186.
158.Suda Ikuo et al,Direct absorption of acylated anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato into rats,Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,V.50,no.6,2002:1672-1676
159.Sugiyama T. et al. Cytokining in developing tuberous roots of sweetpotato. Agr. Biol.Chem., 1989,53(1):49-52
160.Tamas IA. Hormonal regulateon of apical dominantce. In Davies PJ(eds). Plant Hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, 572
161.Tian ST,Rickard JE and Blanshard JMV. Physicochemical proptrties of sweet potato starch. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1991, (57):459-491
162.T.Matsuo et al. plant and cell physiology. 1983,vol.24(7):1305-1312
163.Torrey JG.Auxin and purin interaction in lateral root formation in isolated pea roots. Physiol. Plant,1956,9:370
164.Weiss K, Van Blokland R, Kooter J M, et al. Gibberellic acid regulates chalcone synthase gene expression in the corolla of Petunia hybrida(J),Plant physiol,1992,98:191-197.
165.Wightman et al. Hormonal factors controlling the initation and development of lateral roots. II. Effect of exogenous growth factors on lateral root formation inpea roots. Physoil. Plant,1980.49:304
166.Yamakashi J. Atherosclerosis, 1999
167.Ye X.Mol Cell Biochem, 1999,19(3A):2095
168.Yoshimoto M Okuno S Yamaguchi M Yamakawa O, Antimutagenicity of deacylated anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweetpotato, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry,2001,65(7):1652-1655
169.Yoshinaga M. Tanaka M.Nakatani M.育种学杂志,Vol.50,No.1,2000,59-64
170.Y.Takahata et al. Varietal differences in chemical composition of the sweetpotato stoage root.
171.Zhang.T.Qates,C.G.Relation between amylase degradation and physico-chemical properties of sweet potato starches,Food Chem.1999,65(2):157-165
172.Zhangliming et al, Progress of research and application of virus-free sweetpotato in Shandong, Proceedings of the 1st Chinese-Japanese Symposium on Sweetpotato and Potato. Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1995,117-121
173.Zhao J.Carcinogenesis, 1999,20(9):2095
2. 北条良夫,加藤真次郎. Thickening Growth Inhibition and Re-thickening Growth of Tuberous Roots of SweetPotato Plants(Ipomoea batatas poiret)(J).日作记,1976,45(1):131-1381
3. 长田龙太郎. 甘薯茎尖培养苗利用及防止再感染技术. 国外农学-杂粮作物, 1991,(1):46-48
4. 陈以峰,周燮. 氯化胆碱对盐胁迫下甘薯扦枝生根的影响初报. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1995,4:36-38.
5. 陈云池. 甘薯同化物质积累和块根膨大规律的初步探讨. 中国农业科学. 1961,9:25-29
6. 方忠祥等. 紫肉甘薯中花青素在不同环境条件下稳定性的研究. 食品与发酵工业,2002,28(10):31-34
7. 樊黎生. 甘薯淀粉基本特性的研究. 粮食与饲料工业,2001,2,49-51
8. 高桥节子等.日本食品工业学会志.1985.32(37):181-187
9. 高辉远,邹琦,程炳蒿. 甘薯光合活力、羧化效率日变化与光合午休的关系. 作物学报, 1997,23(1):62-65
10. 国分祯二. 甘薯块根组织结构与淀粉积累的关系的研究. 鹿儿岛大学农学部学术报告,1973,23:1-126
11. 宫崎,丈史. 甘薯皮色及表皮花青素在生长发育和贮藏中的变化.《园艺学会杂志》[日]1992,61卷,1期,191-197
12. 关冈行. The Influenceof Light Intensity on the Translocation of Sucrose-14C in the SweetPotato Plant(J).日作记,1962,31:159-162
13. 何冰,许鸿源,陈京. 干旱胁迫对甘薯叶片质膜透性及抗氧化酶类的影响. 广西农业大学学报, 1997,16(4):287-290
14. 何钟佩主编. 农作物化学控制实验指导. 中国农业大学出版社,1993
15. 何钟佩主编. 作物激素生理及化学控制. 中国农业大学出版社,1996
16. 贺观钦. 江苏旱作科学[M]. 南京:江苏科技出版社,1995
17. 华根林. 甘薯地膜覆盖栽培技术研究. 中国甘薯,1987,1:123-125
18. 黄华宏. 甘薯淀粉理化特性研究. 浙江大学硕士学位论文,2002,5
19. 黄建中,陈子元. ABA IAA 和 CaM 对发育菜豆子叶质膜 H+-ATPase 活力的影响(J).植物生理学报,1996,22(4):337-343
20. 户茨义次. 甘薯块根形成及其育苗理论. 综合作物学,1952
21. 季楚法. 叶片细胞的膜束缚 ATP 酶活性的测定. 细胞生物学杂志,1983,5(3):21-24
22. 津野幸人,藤濑一马. Studies on the DryMatter Production of Sweet Potato(J).日作记,1964,33:230-235;236-2411
23. 江苏农科院,山东农科院主编. 中国甘薯栽培学. 上海科技出版社,1984
24. 金茂国 吴嘉根 吴旭初. 粉丝生产用淀粉性质及其与粉丝品质关系的研究. 无锡轻工大学学报.1995.14(4):307-312
25. 雷鸣 卢晓黎 何自新. 常用淀粉对甘薯粉糊化特性的影响. 食品科学,2002,23卷,第1期,31-33
26. 雷鸣 卢晓黎 何自新. 淀粉种类对甘薯膨化食品品质的影响. 食品科学,2002, 23卷,第2期,55-58
27. 李立人. 植物和微生物中 ATP 的提取及测定方法评述. 植物生理学通讯,1986(4):5-11
28. 李玲,潘瑞帜. BA对花生叶片蔗糖和淀粉代谢有关酶活性的影响. 热带亚热带植物学报,1994,2(2):52-57
29. 李良,高景辉. 甘薯品种间光合产物的生产及分配研究. 中华农学会报,1985,新131 期:10-23
30. 李良,李景辉. 甘薯品种间光合产物的生产及分配的关系. 中华农学会报,1985,新131期:10-23
31. 李良. 甘薯形态与生理性状和块根收量之间的关系. 中华农学会报,1989,147:10-27
32. 李良.甘薯增产可能性及其限制因素之探讨与改良对策.科学农业. 1980,28(5-6):173-180
33. 李良,廖嘉信,陈玲兰. 甘薯食味和理化性质之变异及其与食味之关系.(J)中华农学会报,1992,新165,19-31
34. 李良,廖嘉信,陈玲兰等. 环境因素对甘薯理化性质及食用品质之影响. 中华农学会报,1992,新160:32-40
35. 李曙轩,寿诚学. 甘薯块根的发育形态. 植物学报,1956,5(2):207-222
36. 李文卿,潘廷国,柯玉琴. 土壤水分胁迫对甘薯苗期活性氧代谢的影响. 福建农业学报, 2000,15(4):45-50
37. 李亚男,陈太清. 水杨酸对甘薯的生理效应和块根产量的影响. 湖北农学院学报,1996,16(3):190-193.
38. 李卓杰编著. 植物激素及其应用. 中山大学出版社,1993
39. 梁荣奇,张义荣,姚大年,李保云,尤明山,刘广田. 小麦淀粉品质改良的综合标记辅助选择体系的建立. 中国农业科学,2002,35(3):245-249
40. 林先明,顿德银,谢玲玲. 甘薯叶绿素含量的遗传特性研究. 国外农学-杂粮作物, 1999,19(2):13-17
41. 林植芬. 水稻叶片衰老与超氧物歧化酶活性基膜脂过氧化作用的关系. 植物生理学报, 1984,26 (6):605
42. 刘志皋. 食品添加剂手册(M)北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999,91-120
43. 陆国权等. 紫心甘薯花青苷的提取和纯化及其组分分析. 天然产物研究与开发,1997,9(3):48-51
44. 陆国权. 紫心甘薯的理化品质及其加工适应性研究. 中国粮油学报,2000,第15卷,第一期,45-49
45. 陆国权. 甘薯重要品质性状的基因型差异及其环境效应研. 浙江大学博士论文,2002,12-267
46. 陆漱韵,刘庆昌,李惟基编著. 甘薯育种学. 中国农业出版社,1998
47. 陆漱韵,郑相如,李惟基等. 甘薯块根形成的形态学及高淀粉育种早期鉴定的初步探讨. 北京农业大学学报,1981,7(3):13-20
48. 罗小明等. 甘薯生长过程植株各器官蛋白质的分配和积累. 中国甘薯,1990,4:71-77
49. 罗志刚 高群玉 杨连生. 甘薯淀粉性质的研究. 食品科技,2004,2,15-17
50. 毛建华. 甘薯地下部生长对产量的影响. 中国甘薯,1987,1:75-77
51. 孟详春,张玉进,王小青. 玉米根中花色苷积累的某些影响因子研究. 华南示范大学学报,2002,4:25:29
52. 芮仁廉等. 超氧物歧化酶(SOD)作为甘薯种质资源抗逆性参数的研究. 中国甘薯,1990,4:17-21
53. 史春余,王振林,余松烈 土壤通气性对甘薯产量的影响及其生理机制. 中国农业科学,2001,34(2):173-178
54. 沈淞海,黄冲平, 沈海铭. 甘薯生长发育过程中的一些重要生化特性. 浙江农业学报, 1994,6(2):98～101
55. 沈淞海,沈海铭,吴建华. 甘薯生长发育过程中可溶性糖含量与淀粉积累的关系. 浙江农业大学学报, 1994,20(4):400～404
56. 盛家廉,颜振德,于成祖等. 甘薯丰产品种和理性态结构的研究. 江苏农学报,1963,(2):39-51
57. 许智宏,刘春明. 植物发育的分子机理(M).北京:科学出版社,1998,107-116.
58. 王树钿,于作庆.甘薯在不同土壤条件下高产规律的初步研究.中国农业科学, 1981,(1):49-55
59. 王新钗,刘炳勋,季敏. 甘薯不同品中块根膨大过程的研究. I-甘薯不同品种根的初生结构比较研究. 中国甘薯,1987,1:102-105
60. 王文质,杜述荣等. 甘薯淀粉含量和形态的遗传. 中国甘薯.1987,1:86-88
61. 王兴银. 弱光逆境对黄瓜生长发育及光合作用的影响,1999
62. 伍泽常等. ABA, CTK 和 MDA 对 SOD 活性的影响. 植物生理通讯,1990,26(4):30
63. 武田 英之. 甘薯的生理生态与栽培技术. 国外农学—杂粮作物,1989,4:33～35
64. 西北农业大学编. 基础生化实验指导. 陕西科学技术出版社,1986
65. 小仓谦. 甘薯块根形成的解剖学观察. 农业及园艺,1945,20(8):331～334
66. 小仓谦. 甘薯块根形成的解剖学观察. 农业及园艺,1945,20(9):381～383
67. 小元敬男,上和田勉. Effects of Shading on Growth and yield of Taro(J).农业气象(J).1982,38(1):55-581
68. 熊野诚一,藤濑一马. Influence of Environmental Conditions of Roots on the Tuberous Roots Formation of SweetPotato(J).日作记,1965,34(1):35-391
69. 杨建昌等. 水稻灌浆期籽粒中 3 个与淀粉合成有关的酶活性变化. 作物学报,2001, 27(2):157-164
70. 杨宗广,罗小明. 甘薯产量形成动态及蛋白质的分配与积累. 华南农业大学学报, 1991,12(2):104-110
71. 姚大年,李保云,梁荣奇,刘广田. 基因型和环境对小麦品种淀粉性状及面条品质的影响. 中国农业大学学报,2000,5(1):63～68
72. 姚大年,刘广田. 淀粉理化特性、遗传规律及小麦淀粉与品质的关系. 粮食与饲料工业,1997(2):36～38.
73. 余增赛. 甘薯高产生理指标及其科学栽培方法. 中国农业科学,1981,(6):50-55
74. 郁继华,张国斌,冯致,李霞. 低温弱光对辣椒幼苗抗氧化酶活性与质膜透性的影响. 西北植物学报,2005,25 卷,12 期, 2478-2483.
75. 曾骧,果树生理学,北京;北京农业大学出版社,1992,259-264
76. 张国平. 甘薯的化学组成. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1987(1):130-132
77. 张明生,谈锋,张启堂. 水分胁迫下甘薯的生理变化与抗旱性的关系. 国外农学-杂粮作物, 1999,19(2):35-39
78. 张启堂,付玉凡,杨春贤等. 甘薯和 Ipomoea Trifida 生长期间玉米素含量的变化.第一届徐州国际甘薯育种学术会议论文,1998
79. 张启堂等. 甘薯和 Ipomoea trifida 根内玉米素含量的高效液相色谱分析,中国甘薯,1996,8:141-144
80. 张兴国,杨正安,杜小兵等. 魔芋 ADP-葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶大亚基 cDNA 片段的克隆.园艺学报,2001,28(3):251-254.
81. 赵春江,康书江等. 植物内源激素与不同基因型小麦抗旱性关系的研究.华北农学报,2000,15(3):51-54
82. 郑丕尧. 甘薯块根形成机制的理论探讨. 农学学报,1959
83. 中谷诚. 甘薯块根贮存能力形成的研究现状与展望. 日本农业技术, 1991,46(11):495～499
84. 周燮, 夏凯. 脱落酸的生物合成、代谢和作用机理. 余叔文, 汤章城,主编,植物生理与分子生物学.北京:科技出版社,1999,476-492
85. 周培庆等. 长富2果实着色与其影响因素的相关分析. 烟台果树,1984,(2):11-15
86. 朱迎春,徐福春. 植物激素在杂粮作物中的应用. 国外农学-杂粮作物.1995, (1):33-37
87. 庄伟建,苏金为,彭时饶等.B9 对花生叶片 ATP 酶活性和光合产物运输的影响(J).作物学报, 1991, 17(4):292-298
88. Bagchi D.Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacal, 1997, 95(2):179
89. Bhagsari AS(1981).徐仁生译. 不同甘薯基因型光合作用率与产量的关系.国外农学-杂粮作物,1983,(3):39-41
90. Bhagsari AS, Harmon SA(1982). 甘薯基因型的光合作用及光合产物的分配. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1983,(2):38-42
91. Bourke RM. Growth analysis of four sweetpotato cultivars in Papua New Guinea. Trop. Agr. (Trinidad) 1983,61(3):177-181
92. Boyer, C. D. Property of citratestimulated starch synthesiscatalyzed by starch synthase of developing maize kernel. Plant physiology, 64: 1039-1042.
93. Braber C,Reynoso,D. Dufour D.Mestres C.etc.Starch content and properties of 106 sweet potato clones from the world germplasm collection held at CIP.Peru In:CIP program report 1997-98.CIP,1999,279-286.
94. Bray E A, Beachy R N. Regulation by ABA of B Conglycinin Expression in Cultured Developing Soybean Cotyledons. Plant Physiol, 1985,79:746～750
95. Brenner, M. L., Cheikh, N., The role of hormones in photosynthate partitioning and seed filling. In Davies, P. J.(ed) Plant hormones, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, Pp649-670. Kluwer Academic Publ., The Netherlands.
96. Cha Ran Choi, Jong Whan Rhim,Yang Kyun Park. Physicochemical properties of purple fleshed sweet potato starch.J Korean Soc.Food Sci.Nutrition,2000,29(1):1-5.
97. Clark. C.A. et al. Compendium of Sweetpotato Diseases. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, 1988, 74p.
98. Constantin RJ, Hernandez TP and Jones LG. Effects of irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on quality of sweetpotatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 1974,99:308-310
99. Collado L S, Corke H, Properties of Starch Noodles as Affected by Sweet potato Genotype, Cereal Chemistry,1997,74(2):182-187
100.Collado L S, Mabesa R C, Corke H, Genetic Variation in the Physical Properties of Sweet potato Starch, J Agric Food Chem,1999,47:4195-4201
101.Davies PJ. Plant hormones and their roles in plant growth and development. Dordrecht: Martinus Nigjhoff Publishers,1993
102.Denyer K, Dunlap F, Thorbjornsen T, Keeling P and Smith AM. The major form of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm is extra-plastidial. Plant Physiol, 1996, 11 (2): 779-785.
103.Digby J et al. Growth substances and leaf growth. In Baker NR et al. Control of leafgrowth. Cambridge University Press, 1985,57
104.Dreher,M l,Berry J.W.Buffalo gourd root starch 1.Properties and structure. Starch, 1983,35(3):86-92
105.Eigenberger P,Hajirezaei M , Geiger M , Deiting U , Sonnewald U , Stitt M. Overexpression of pyrophosphosphatase leads to increased sucrose degradation and starch synthesis,Increased activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch interconversions, and increased levels of Nucleotides in growing potato tubers. Planta.1998,205(3):428-37.
106.Fisher D B, Gifford R M.Accumulation and conversion of sugars by developing wheat grains.VI,Gradients along the transport pathway from the peduncle to the endosperm cavity during grain filling[J]. Plant Physiol,1986,82:1024-1030
107.Fisher D B, Gifford R M.Accumulation and conversion of sugars by developing wheat grains.VI,Gradients along the transport pathway from the peduncle to the endosperm cavity during grain filling[J]. Plant Physiol,1986,82:1024-1030
108.Frascaron E, R Tuberosa, Plant Breeding , 1993, 110, 250～254
109.Hammett HL. Total carbodrate and carotenoid content of sweetpotatoes as affected by cultivar and area of production. Hortscience,1974, 9(5):467-468
110.Hammett LK and Miller CH. Influence of mineral nutrition and storage on quality factors of “Jewel” sweetpotatoes. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci,1982, 107:972-975
111.Hassan M,(1986),王春林译. 甘薯的源库关系. 农学文摘-作物遗传育种,1987,(6):52-53
112.Helariutta Y,Elomaa P, Kotilainen M et al.Sugar-dependent gibberellin-induced genes in developing petunia flowers(J), Physiologia Plantarum, 2ooo, 109:196-202
113.Hironaka,K. Ishibashi,K. Hakmada Effect of static loading on sugar contents and activities of invertase , UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and sucrose 6-phosphate synthase in potatoes during storage. Potato research 2001,44: 33-39.
114.Hizukuri S. Efect of environment temperature of plants on the physicochemical properties of their starches. J. Jap.Soc. Starch Sci,. 1969,17(1):73-88
115.Iilland P,Aalen R,Olsen OA,Luthi E,Lonneborg A,Kleczkowski LA PCR amplification and sequences of cDNA clones for the small and large subunits of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase from barley tissues. Plant Mol Biol 1992,19: 381-389.
116.Islam MS Yoshimoto M Terahara N Yamakawa O, anthocyanin compositions in sweetpoato(Ipomaea batatas L.) leaves, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 2002,66(11):2483-2486
117.Jain V K,Guruprasad K N. Effect of chlorocholine chloride and gibberellic acid on the anthcyanin synthesis in radish seedlings(J).Physiologia Plantarum, 1989,75:233-236
118.Jenner, C F, Denyer, K, The rmal characteristics of soluble starch syntheses from wheat endosperm, Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 1995,22: 703-709.
119.J.M.Bae·J.R.Liu. Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel isoforms of the small subunit of ADP glucose pyrophoshorylase from sweet potato Mol Gen Gent.,1997,254:179-185.
120.Jones R J, Brenner M L. Distribution of Abscisic Acid in Maize Kernel during Grain Filling. Plant Physiol, 1987,84:905～909
121.Kita T W. Is there an alternative pathway for starch synthesis. Plant Physiol.1992.100:560-564.
122.Kitahara K,OoiY, Mizukami S,Suganuma T, Nagahama T. Physic ochemical properties of starches from sweetpotato cultivars.J Appl Glycosci,1996,43:59-66
123.Kolderup, F Effects of temperature, photoperiod and light quality on protein production in wheat grains. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 26(1975)583-592.
124.Konik C M, Mikkelsen L M, Moss, R., and P.J. Relationships between physical starch properties and yellow alkaline noodle quality, Starch / staerke, 1994, 46: 292-299.
125.Koga T.J Agric Food Chem, 1999,47(5):1892
126.Kobayashi MS.Free Res, 2000, 32(2):115
127.L.K.Chua et al. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci, 1982, 107 (5):866-871
128.Lowe SB,Wilson LA, Comparative analysis of tuber development in six sweetpotato cultivars. I. Tuber initiation, tuber growth and partition of assimilate. Ann. Bot. 1974, 38(155): 307-317
129.Lu G Q(陆国权). Genetypic Variation for some Important Starch Quality traits in Sweet potato, Journal of Zhejiang University (浙江大学学报),2000,26(4):379-383(in Chinese with English Abstract)
130.Martin, C., and A. Smith. Starch biosynthesis. Plant acteristic [J] Plant-Breeding, 1996,115:4,279^R81.
131.Matsui T Ebuchi S Kobayashi M Fukui K Sugita K Terahara N Matsumoto K, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2002,50:7244-7248
132.Matsuo T. et al. Identification of free cytokins and tha change in endogenous levels during tuber development of sweetpotato. Plant and Cell Physol., 1983,24(7):1305-1312
133.Matsuo T. et al. Variation in the levels of major free cytokinins and free abscisic acid during tuber development of sweetpotato. J. Plant Growth Regul., 1988, 7(4):249-258
134.Matthysse AG, Scott TK. Functions of hormones at the whole plant level of organization. In Scott TK(eds). Hormonal regulation of development. II. The functions of hormones from the level of the cell to the whole plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1984
135.McCormick, K. M., Panozzo, J.F.,and Hong, S.H. Swelling power test for selecting potential noodle quality wheats. Aust. J.Agric.Res.1991, 42:317-323.
136.M.C,Acock,J.O.Garner.(1987). 王一民译.甘薯贮藏根分化始期与细胞壁结合的蔗糖酶活性之研究. 国外农学-杂粮作物,1988,3:32-35
137.Md. Shahidul Islam, M. Jalaluddin, James O. Garner, M. Yoshimoto, and O. Yamakawa. Artificial Shading and Temperature Influence on Anthocyanin Compositions in Sweetpotato Leaves. American Society for Horticultural Science.2005(vol.40,No.1)
138.Moalem-Beno D, Tamari G, Leitner-Dagan Y, et al. Sugar-dependent gibberellin-induced chalcone synthase gene expression in petunia corollas (J). Plant physiol,1997,113:419-424.
139.Nakatani and M.Komeichi. Changes in the Endogenous Level of Zeatin Riboside, Abscisic Acid and Indole Acetic Acid during Formation and Thickening of Tuberous Roots in Sweetpotato.Japan J. Crop Sci.1991, 60(1):91～100
140.Nakamura,et al. Plant cell Physiol,1989,30:833-839
141.Neta-Sharir I, Shoesyov O.Weiss D.Sugars enhance the expression of gibberellin-induced genes in developing petunia flowers(J).Physiologia Plantarum, 2000,109:196-202
142.Nikuni Z, Huzukuri S, Fujii M, Doi K, etc. Effect of cultivating soil temperature on the propertiea of sweet potato starch. Agric.Chem.Soc.(Japan). 1963,37:673-676
143.Noda T, Kobayashi T and Suda I. Effect of soil temperature on starch properties of sweetpotatoes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 2001, 44:239-246
144.Nooden LD. ABA, Auxin and other regulators of senescence. In Nooden LD(ed). Senescence and aging in plants. Sean Diego: Academic Press, 1988.241-245
145.Okita, T. W., Is there an alternative pathway for starch synthesis? Plant Physiology, 1992,100,560.
146.Peeling P L.Wood J R Tyson H et al.Starch biosynthesis in the developing wheat grain. Plant Physiol.1988.87.
147.P.bridle, Anthocyanins as natural food colours-selected aspect(J), Food Chemistry ,1997:103-109
148.Preiss,J.. Biology and molecular biology of starch synthesis and its regulation. In:Miflin,B.J.(ed.)1991,371-423 Oxford Academic Press,Inc.,NY.
149.Reeves, C.D. et al. Gene expression in developing wheat endosperm, Plant physio.1986, 82, 34-40.
150.Reiu D.J Nutr, 2000,130(8 suppl):2120s
151. R.Melis 等著(陶过清译). 薯类作物的成块作用和激素. 国外农学--杂粮作物,1985,(2)19～23
152.Saura,M.C.(邓西民译). 苹果花色苷形成的外部调控(述评). 国外农学-果树,1991,(1):1-8
153.S.B.Lowe and L.A.Wilson. Comparative Analysis of tuber development in six sweetpotato cultivars. Ann. Bot. 1974,38:319-326
154.ShuQ-Y(舒庆尧),Wu D-X(吴殿星),XiaY-W(夏英武),Gao M-W(高明尉). Relation ship between RVA profile character and eating quality in Oryza sativa L,Scientia Agricultura Sinica (中国农业科学),1998,31(3):25-29 (in Chinese with English abstract)
155.Singh A,Selvi M T, Sharma R. Effect of Chlorocholine chloride and gibberellic acid on the anthocyanin synthesis in radish seedingings (J). Physiologis Plantarum, 1989,75:233-236
156.S.K.Hahn. Sweetpotato. Academic press, INC, 1977
157.Subone,F. Kubota,K. Saitou,M. Kadowakienhancement of tuberous root production and adenosine 5’ – Diphosphate pyrophosphorylase(AGP)activity in sweet potato(Ipomoea batatas Lam.)by exogenous injection of sucrose solution. J. Agronomy & Crop Science 2000,184: 181-186.
158.Suda Ikuo et al,Direct absorption of acylated anthocyanin in purple-fleshed sweet potato into rats,Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,V.50,no.6,2002:1672-1676
159.Sugiyama T. et al. Cytokining in developing tuberous roots of sweetpotato. Agr. Biol.Chem., 1989,53(1):49-52
160.Tamas IA. Hormonal regulateon of apical dominantce. In Davies PJ(eds). Plant Hormones: Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995, 572
161.Tian ST,Rickard JE and Blanshard JMV. Physicochemical proptrties of sweet potato starch. J. Sci. Food Agric. 1991, (57):459-491
162.T.Matsuo et al. plant and cell physiology. 1983,vol.24(7):1305-1312
163.Torrey JG.Auxin and purin interaction in lateral root formation in isolated pea roots. Physiol. Plant,1956,9:370
164.Weiss K, Van Blokland R, Kooter J M, et al. Gibberellic acid regulates chalcone synthase gene expression in the corolla of Petunia hybrida(J),Plant physiol,1992,98:191-197.
165.Wightman et al. Hormonal factors controlling the initation and development of lateral roots. II. Effect of exogenous growth factors on lateral root formation inpea roots. Physoil. Plant,1980.49:304
166.Yamakashi J. Atherosclerosis, 1999
167.Ye X.Mol Cell Biochem, 1999,19(3A):2095
168.Yoshimoto M Okuno S Yamaguchi M Yamakawa O, Antimutagenicity of deacylated anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweetpotato, Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry,2001,65(7):1652-1655
169.Yoshinaga M. Tanaka M.Nakatani M.育种学杂志,Vol.50,No.1,2000,59-64
170.Y.Takahata et al. Varietal differences in chemical composition of the sweetpotato stoage root.
171.Zhang.T.Qates,C.G.Relation between amylase degradation and physico-chemical properties of sweet potato starches,Food Chem.1999,65(2):157-165
172.Zhangliming et al, Progress of research and application of virus-free sweetpotato in Shandong, Proceedings of the 1st Chinese-Japanese Symposium on Sweetpotato and Potato. Beijing Agricultural University Press, 1995,117-121
173.Zhao J.Carcinogenesis, 1999,20(9):2095