基于广义模块的产品变型设计方法及应用研究
|
摘要
本文对产品变型设计理论、方法和技术进行了系统的研究,给出了一种基于广义模块的机械产品变型设计平台构建方法。运用广义模块设计技术和实例推理技术,通过构建产品变型设计的广义模块,并集成广义模块的功能结构模型等信息,实现了产品变型设计的并行化和集成化,缩短了产品设计周期,保证了产品的设计质量。在基于广义模块的变型设计平台系统构建过程中,本文取得了以下几个方面的研究成果：
(1)扩展了广义模块的概念模型,建立了基于广义模块的变型设计系统框架。将广义模块概念模型中的结构模型细化成为几何模型、分析模型、方案模型和二维工程图等信息,以满足产品变型设计特点以及需求；结合并应用广义模块设计技术和基于实例推理的变型设计技术,构建了基于广义模块的变型设计系统框架,从而实现设计方案的配置、方案的仿真验证分析及性能评价等。
(2)提出了广义模块参数关联结构有向图表示方法,并构建了一种参数关联结构。针对产品变型结构参数关联结构和关联关系的复杂性,运用有向图理论,构建了广义模块参数关联结构有向图,并研究该有向图的性质,以建立分析广义模块参数关联结构的数学理论基础；利用关联参数有向图分解算法以及数学描述,将广义模块的参数关联有向图横向参数关联关系进行分解,形成一种树状参数关联结构有向图,以保证参数关联的合理性和参数驱动的有效性。
(3)运用中心数据库技术,实现了多模型信息集成。通过构建广义模块实例的信息以及广义模块的方案信息模型、CAD模型和CAE模型,采用中心数据库方式实现了多模型信息集成,以保证产品变型设计过程数据的一致性,实现了产品从方案设计到详细设计的集成化和并行化；并将变型设计知识集成到这些模型中,实现了知识的有效重用。
(4)建立了变型设计过程的多层实例修改策略模型。为了保证对产品变型设计过程的适用性,构建了产品实例表示、实例库组织以及实例检索方法,并结合产品变型设计过程层次关系特点,将实例修改过程分为方案设计修改、广义模块设计修改和零件特征及工程图修改三个阶段,通过人机交互的多层实例修改流程,保证了产品变型设计过程稳定性和有效控制。
(5)设计开发了一个基于广义模块的混凝土搅拌站变型设计平台系统。验证了本文研究的基于广义模块的产品变型设计系统和广义模块构建技术以及实例修改技术在实际应用中的适用性和有效性。
In this dissertation, the theory, methods and technologies of variant design are studied systematically. A new method to construct variant design platform for mechanical products based on generalized modular is proposed. Technically, applying the design technologies of generalized modular and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), the platform system integrates the functional structural models by constructing product generalized modular to achieve the parallelization and integration of product variant design. Consequently, the platform shortens variant design cycle and insures its quality. Through constructing the platform system of variant design platform system based on generalized modular, the main achievements of this dissertation are as followings.
(1) The conceptual model of generalized modular is extended, and the framework of variant design based on generalized modular is established. To meet the features and requirement of product variant design, the structure model of generalized modular are subdivided into geometric model, analysis model, scheme design model, draws and etc. With integration and application of design technologies for generalized modular and CBR, the system framework of variant design is constructed based on generalized modular to finish the selection of design concept, the simulation analysis and performance evaluation of the design.
(2) The representation method of directed graph of parameter connection structure for generalized modular is proposed, and a parameter connection structure is established. According to the structure and relation complexity of parameter connection for product variant design, and the directed graph of parameter connection structure for generalized modular is established with the directed graph theory. The properties of directed graph for parameter connection structure are researched to establish a math theory of parameter connection structure for generalized modular. Using the algorithm and mathematical description of the directed graph, the horizontal edges of the graphs are decomposed for establishing a tree-structured parameter connection structure. The new parameter connection structure ensures the rationality of parameter connection and the validity of parameter drive.
(3) The mutil-model information integration is realized with the central data-base technology. To ensure data consistency of product variant design process, the mutil-model information integration is realized with the central data-base technology by establishing case information of generalized modular, scheme design model, CAD model and CAE model. Those models are integrated with scientific data-base structure to realize parallelization and integration from program design to detailed design. And the variant design knowledge is embedded into these models for effective reuse of knowledge.
(4) A strategy model of multi-level case adaptation for variant design process is established. According to the hierarchy relation of variant design process, product case representation, case-base structure and case retrieval method are constructed respectively to ensure the applicability of process of product variant design, and the process of case adaptation is divided into three phases, which include scheme design modification, variant design modification of generalized modular, part features and drawing modification. The process of multi-level case adaptation can ensure the stability and effective control of variant design process with human-computer interaction.
(5) A variant design platform system based on generalized modular for concrete mixing station is developed. The successful implementation in enterprise testifies the feasibility and validity of several technologies and methods presented in this dissertation.
(1)扩展了广义模块的概念模型,建立了基于广义模块的变型设计系统框架。将广义模块概念模型中的结构模型细化成为几何模型、分析模型、方案模型和二维工程图等信息,以满足产品变型设计特点以及需求；结合并应用广义模块设计技术和基于实例推理的变型设计技术,构建了基于广义模块的变型设计系统框架,从而实现设计方案的配置、方案的仿真验证分析及性能评价等。
(2)提出了广义模块参数关联结构有向图表示方法,并构建了一种参数关联结构。针对产品变型结构参数关联结构和关联关系的复杂性,运用有向图理论,构建了广义模块参数关联结构有向图,并研究该有向图的性质,以建立分析广义模块参数关联结构的数学理论基础；利用关联参数有向图分解算法以及数学描述,将广义模块的参数关联有向图横向参数关联关系进行分解,形成一种树状参数关联结构有向图,以保证参数关联的合理性和参数驱动的有效性。
(3)运用中心数据库技术,实现了多模型信息集成。通过构建广义模块实例的信息以及广义模块的方案信息模型、CAD模型和CAE模型,采用中心数据库方式实现了多模型信息集成,以保证产品变型设计过程数据的一致性,实现了产品从方案设计到详细设计的集成化和并行化；并将变型设计知识集成到这些模型中,实现了知识的有效重用。
(4)建立了变型设计过程的多层实例修改策略模型。为了保证对产品变型设计过程的适用性,构建了产品实例表示、实例库组织以及实例检索方法,并结合产品变型设计过程层次关系特点,将实例修改过程分为方案设计修改、广义模块设计修改和零件特征及工程图修改三个阶段,通过人机交互的多层实例修改流程,保证了产品变型设计过程稳定性和有效控制。
(5)设计开发了一个基于广义模块的混凝土搅拌站变型设计平台系统。验证了本文研究的基于广义模块的产品变型设计系统和广义模块构建技术以及实例修改技术在实际应用中的适用性和有效性。
In this dissertation, the theory, methods and technologies of variant design are studied systematically. A new method to construct variant design platform for mechanical products based on generalized modular is proposed. Technically, applying the design technologies of generalized modular and Case-Based Reasoning (CBR), the platform system integrates the functional structural models by constructing product generalized modular to achieve the parallelization and integration of product variant design. Consequently, the platform shortens variant design cycle and insures its quality. Through constructing the platform system of variant design platform system based on generalized modular, the main achievements of this dissertation are as followings.
(1) The conceptual model of generalized modular is extended, and the framework of variant design based on generalized modular is established. To meet the features and requirement of product variant design, the structure model of generalized modular are subdivided into geometric model, analysis model, scheme design model, draws and etc. With integration and application of design technologies for generalized modular and CBR, the system framework of variant design is constructed based on generalized modular to finish the selection of design concept, the simulation analysis and performance evaluation of the design.
(2) The representation method of directed graph of parameter connection structure for generalized modular is proposed, and a parameter connection structure is established. According to the structure and relation complexity of parameter connection for product variant design, and the directed graph of parameter connection structure for generalized modular is established with the directed graph theory. The properties of directed graph for parameter connection structure are researched to establish a math theory of parameter connection structure for generalized modular. Using the algorithm and mathematical description of the directed graph, the horizontal edges of the graphs are decomposed for establishing a tree-structured parameter connection structure. The new parameter connection structure ensures the rationality of parameter connection and the validity of parameter drive.
(3) The mutil-model information integration is realized with the central data-base technology. To ensure data consistency of product variant design process, the mutil-model information integration is realized with the central data-base technology by establishing case information of generalized modular, scheme design model, CAD model and CAE model. Those models are integrated with scientific data-base structure to realize parallelization and integration from program design to detailed design. And the variant design knowledge is embedded into these models for effective reuse of knowledge.
(4) A strategy model of multi-level case adaptation for variant design process is established. According to the hierarchy relation of variant design process, product case representation, case-base structure and case retrieval method are constructed respectively to ensure the applicability of process of product variant design, and the process of case adaptation is divided into three phases, which include scheme design modification, variant design modification of generalized modular, part features and drawing modification. The process of multi-level case adaptation can ensure the stability and effective control of variant design process with human-computer interaction.
(5) A variant design platform system based on generalized modular for concrete mixing station is developed. The successful implementation in enterprise testifies the feasibility and validity of several technologies and methods presented in this dissertation.
引文
[1]祁国宁,顾新建,谭建荣,等.大批量定制技术及其应用[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2003.10.
[2]路甬祥.21世纪中国制造业面临的挑战与机遇[J].机械工程师.2005,(1)：9-13.
[3]路甬祥.工程设计的发展趋势和未来[J].机械工程学报.1997.2,33(1)：1-8.
[4]江力,孙守迁,何志均.智能化产品变型设计支持系统模型及其应用[J].工程设计.1997,(3)：14-19.
[5]余思佳,黄松波,雷毅. CAXA实体设计的专用化开发[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2005,(10)：2373-2378.
[6]杨海成,廖文和.基于知识的三维CAD技术及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[7]陈德人.参数化设计模型与方法[J].浙江大学学报(自然科学版).1995.3,29(2)：179-183.
[8]祁国宁,杨青海,黄哲人,等.面向大批量定制的产品开发设计方法研究[J].中国机械工程.2004,15(10)：1697-1701.
[9]李凌丰.参数化设计中的尺寸约束传递模型研究[J].中国机械工程.1996,7(4)：37-38.
[10]方水良,沈振华.复杂变型产品参数传递结构研究[J].计算机集成制造系统.2006.12,12(12)：1934-1938.
[11]刘夫云,祁国宁.配置产品尺寸参数传递方法及其应用[J].机械工程学报.2007.4,43(4)：144-151
[12]Pahl G, Beitz W. Engineering design a systematic approach [M]. London:Springer-Verlag,1996.
[13]侯亮,唐任仲,徐燕申.产品模块化设计理论、技术与应用研究进展[J].机械工程学报.2004,40(1)：56-61.
[14]王海军.面向大规模定制的产品模块化若干设计方法研究[D].大连理工大学.2005.4.
[15]Ulrich K, Tung K. Fundamentals of product Modularity [C]. ASME Design Engineering Division, 1991,39:73-79.
[16]Suh N P. The principle of design [M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1990.
[17]贾延林.模块化设计[M].北京.机械工业出版社.1993.9.
[18]Erixion G, Yxkull V A, ARNSTROM A. Modularity the basis for product and factory reengineering [J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,1996,45(1):1-4.
[19]Gu P, Sosale S. Product modularization for life cycle engineering [J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated manufacturing,1999,15(5):387-401.
[20]Stone R B, Wood K L, Crawford R H. Using quantitative functional models to develop product architecture [J]. Design Studies,2000,21(3):239-260.
[21]Tsai Y T, Wang K S. The development of modular-based design in considering technology complexity [J]. European Journal of Operation Research,1999,119(3):692-703.
[22]O'grad Y P, Liang W Y. An Internet-based search formalism for design with modules [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,1998,35(1-2):13-16.
[23]Hillstrom F. Applying axiomatic design to interface analysis in modular product development [C]. ASME Design Engineering Division,1994,69-2:363-371.
[24]Kikuo Fujita. Product Variety Optimization under Modular Architecture [J]. Computer-Aided Design 2002, (34):953-965.
[25]徐燕申,侯亮,张连洪,等.液压机广义模块化设计原理及其应用[J].机械设计.2001,18(1)：1-3,41.
[26]侯亮,徐燕申,李森,等.基于参数化造型、变量优化的广义模块化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技.2001,(8)：13-15.
[27]高卫国,徐燕申,陈永亮,等.广义模块化设计原理及方法[J].机械工程学报.2006.6,43(6)：48-54.
[28]钟伟弘.面向产品族的液压机广义模块化快速设计技术[D].天津大学.2004.8.
[29]高淑英.粗纱机广义模块化设计及其软件实现技术[D].天津大学.2005.5.
[30]张学玲.基于广义模块化设计的机械结构静、动态特性分析及优化设计[D].天津大学.2004.7.
[31]钟伟弘,徐燕申,卢志永,等.基于广义模块化快速设计的液压机产品模块划分与规划[J].机械设计.2003.12,20(12)：8-10,21.
[32]徐丽萍,徐燕申,卢志永,等.基于柔性元结构的广义模块化产品族建模及其应用[J].中国机械工程.2004.9,15(18)：1654-1656.
[33]侯亮,徐燕申,唐任仲,等.面向广义模块化设计的产品族规划方法研究[J].中国机械工程.2003.4,14(7)：696-599.
[34]高淑英,徐燕申.机械产品广义模块结构模型创建技术研究[J].制造技术与机床.2007,(1)：68-71.
[35]郑辉,徐燕申,侯亮,等.基于KBE和CAE结合的液压机结构柔性模块创建[J].天津大学学报.2003.3,36(2)：178-182.
[36]窦润亮.基于KBE和CAE技术的产品柔性模块设计[J].制造业自动化.2007.1,29(1)：54-57.
[37]钟伟弘,徐燕申,卢志永,等.基于广义模块化快速响应设计的液压机产品动态模型的建立[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2004,(1)：14-15,17.
[38]Armstrong CG. Modeling requirements for finite-element analysis [J]. Computer Aided Design. 1994,26(7):573-578.
[39]Armstrong CG, McKeag RM, Ou H, et al. Geometric processing for analysis. In:Proceedings of geometric modeling and processing 2000, Hong Kong, China, April 10-12,2000,45-56.
[40]Suresh K. Automating the CAD/CAE dimensional reduction process. In:Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on solid modeling and applications, Seattle, WA, USA,2003,76-85.
[41]Crocker GA, Reinke WF. An editable non-manifold boundary representation [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics Application.1991,11(2):39-51.
[42]Gadh R, Sonthi R. Geometric shape abstractions for internet-based virtual prototyping. Computer Aided Design.1998,30(6):473-486.
[43]Gordon S. An analyst's view:STEP-enabled CAD-CAE integration. In:Presentation materials of NASA's STEP for aerospace workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, January 16-19, 2001.
[44]Sang Hun Lee. A CAD-CAE integration approach using feature-based multi-resolution and multi-abstraction modeling techniques [J]. Computer-Aided Design.37 (2005):941-955.
[45]Yung-Chou Kao, Hsin-Yu Cheng, Chen-Hua She. Development of an integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system on taper-tipped thread-rolling die-plates [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 177, (2006):98-103.
[46]Keun Park, Y.S. Kim, C.S. Kim, H.J. Park. Integrated application of CAD/CAM/CAE and RP for rapid development of a humanoid biped robot [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 187-188, (2007):609-613.
[47]Finn, D.P. A Physical Modeling assistant for the preliminary stages of finite element analysis [J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 7:275-286.
[48]David Baxtera, James Gaob, Keith Case, et al. A framework to integrate design knowledge reuse and requirements management in engineering design [J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.24 (2008):585-593.
[49]张丽华,曾庆良,万丽荣,等.并行、协同开发环境下产品信息集成技术研究[J].计算机应用研究.2003,(11)：39-41.
[50]刘锡锋,董黎敏.机械CAD-Pro/E应用及开发[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[51]黎华,陈曦,王重华,等.岸边桥式起重机CAD/CAE集成系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2006.11,27(21)：4016-4018.
[52]黄红星,张和明,熊光楞.并行工程中产品信息集成研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2002.10,30-32.
[53]刘祖良,庞守美,郑继周. CAD/CAE代表软件集成接口技术浅析[J].机械研究与应用.2007.8,20(4)：104-106.
[54]彭继忠,李建明,黄利平,等.基于PDM框架的应用集成研究与实践[J].计算机集成制造系统.2000.2,6(1)：65-69
[55]苟凌怡,熊光楞,谢金崇,等.基于XML的产品信息集成关键技术研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2002.2,14(2)：105-110.
[56]高淑英,徐燕申.机械产品广义模块化设计系统中柔性模块数据模型研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005,(5)：1-2,19.
[57]高淑英,徐燕申,胡德计,等.面向广义模块化设计的机械产品模块数据建模及其应用研究[J].机床与液压.2006,(1)：6-8.
[58]赵晖,席平.基于知识集成模型的产品快速设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2007.1,33(1)：123-126.
[59]杨德一,张小莉,郭钢.基于知识工程的汽车总体设计系统[J].机械与电子.2003(6)：14-18.
[60]赵震,彭颖红.KBE在冲压工艺设计中的应用[J].模具技术.2001,(4)：59-61.
[61]J.A. Penoyer, G. Burnett, D.J. Fawcett et al. Knowledge Based Product Life Cycle Systems: Principles of Integration of KBE and C3P [J]. Computer-Aided Design.32(2000):311-320.
[62]Hwai-En Tseng, Chien-Chen Chang, Shu-Hsuan Chang. Applying Case-Based Reasoning for Product Configuration in Mass Customization Environments [J]. Expert Systems with Applications.29(2005):913-925.
[63]江力,何志均,孙守迁.基于实例的多推理机合作变型设计系统[J].软件学报.1998.11,9(11)：861-865.
[64]王琪,廖文和.支持变型设计的重用策略研究[J].盐城工学院学报(自然科学版).2005.12,18(4)：1-4.
[65]易际明,杨靖.面向装配的智能变型设计技术及应用研究[J].湖南工程学院学报.2005.3,15(1)：25-29.
[66]赵翼翔,陈新度,陈新.应用事例推理的门式起重机械关键零部件变型设计研究[J].现代制造工程.2006,(7)：1-3.
[67]何朝明,唐倩,何铁宁.基于实例的变型设计系统[J].机械.2002,29(4)：31-33.
[68]张红旗,曹文钢,姜康,等.基于实例推理的产品变型设计技术的研究[J].机械工程师.2002,(8)：8-10.
[69]车颖,隋秀凛,葛江华,等.基于实例推理的产品变型设计技术研究[J].信息技术2005,(10)：104-106.
[70]李海庆,殷国富,方辉.混合案例推理机制在变型设计中的应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2007.3,39(2)：164-169.
[71]杨鑫华,邓武,兆文忠.基于粗糙集理论的冲模CAD系统中CBD方法研究[J].机械设计.2007.5,24(5)：17-19.
[72]李迎光,周儒荣,廖文和,等.基于规则推理的最近邻实例检索模型研究[J].机械科学与技术.2004.11,23(11)：1313-1316.
[73]王珂,廖文和,郭宇,等.基于位索引的多层次实例检索模型研究[J].中国机械工程.2007.8,18(16)：1953-1956.
[74]赵岩,莫蓉.航空发动机叶片锻件模型实例检索策略[J].中国机械工程.2008.7,19(13)： 1577-1581.
[75]Kolodner, JL. Case-based reasoning [M].1993. Morgan-Kaufmann.
[76]L.Shastri. Why Semantic Networks.Principles of Semanti Networks [J].1991:109-136, CA.
[77]C.M. Vonga, T.P. Leung, P.K. Wong. Case-based reasoning and adaptation in hydraulic production machine design [J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence.2002, (15):567-585.
[78]Bergmann, R., Wilke, W. Towards a new formal model of transformational adaptation in case-based reasoning[C]. In:European Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1998 (ECAI'98).
[79]Stephen J.H.Yang, Norman W.Y.Shao. Enhancing pervasive Web accessibility with rule-based adaptation strategy [J]. Expert Systems with Applications.32 (2007):1154-1167.
[80]Susan Craw, Nirmalie Wiratunga, Ray C. Rowe. Learning adaptation knowledge to improve case-based reasoning [J]. Artificial Intelligence.170 (2006):1175-1192.
[81]S. Passone, P.W.H. Chung, V. Nassehi. Incorporating domain-specific knowledge into a genetic algorithm to implement case-based reasoning adaptation [J]. Knowledge-Based Systems.19 (2006):192-201.
[82]Claudio A. Policastro, Andre C.P.L.F. Carvalho, Alexandre C.B. Delbem. Automatic knowledge learning and case adaptation with a hybrid committee approach [J]. Journal of Applied Logic.4 (2006):26-38.
[83]I. Watson. Case-based reasoning is a methodology not a technology [J]. Knowledge-Based Systems.12 (1999):303-308.
[84]Barry Smyth, Mark T. Keane. Using adaptation knowledge to retrieve and adapt design cases [J]. Knowledge-Based Systems.9 (1996):127-135.
[85]陶铁军.基于实例推理技术及其研究发展方向[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报.2005.10,22(5)：51-53.
[86]张斌,高全杰,应保胜,等.实例推理和规则推理在实例修改中的应用[J].计算机工程.2005.7,31(13)：156-158.
[87]方峻,聂宏.一种能够学习和重用的实例修改策略[J].机械设计与制造.2005.9,(9)：165-166.
[88]王辉,周雄辉,阮雪榆.基于遗传算法的事例改写策略在注塑模成本评估CBR系统中的应用研究[J].中国机械工程.2002.11,13(22)：1957-1960.
[89]周馨,刘溪涓,钟廷修.工程设计中基于遗传算法的实例修改技术[J].机械设计.2001.2,(2)：10,11,19.
[90]刘长毅,徐诚,廖文和.CBD中采用改进遗传算法的实例修改[J].机械科学与技术.2003.7,22(增刊)：116-118.
[91]应保胜,易建钢,杨少华.基于相关性实例修改策略的研究[J].机械与电子.2004,(3)：7-9.
[92]汤廷孝,刘勇,黄翔,等.CBR系统中的实例修改研究[J].机械科学与技术.2006.4,25(4)：390-393.
[93]Chassan Issa. Using analogical reasoning for mechanism design [J]. IEE Expert,1994(7):60-64.
[94]赵继云,黄洪钟,高剑峰,等.CBD系统在变型设计中的应用及关键技术研究[J].机械科学与技术.1999.7,18(4)：634-637.
[95]Watson I. Case-based reasoning:A review. The Knowledge Engineering Review[J].1994,9(4).
[96]王志,张进生,于丰业,等.基于实例推理的产品变型设计技术[J].机电一体化.2003,(6)：35-37.
[97]卢开澄,卢华明.图论及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社.1995.
[98]Fred Buckley, Marty Lewinter. A Friendly Introduction to Graphy Theory [M]. Pearson Education, Inc.2003.
[99]张国军,邵新宇,李培根,等.基于赋权有向图的产品结构建模及其应用[J].中国机械工程.2004.1,15(1)：50-53.
[100]刘敏珊,李成刚,董其伍.应用工程数据库开发CAD/CAE集成系统[J].石油机械.2005,(1)：24-26.
[101]张淑霞,曾鸣,赵宏林,等.CAD与CAE软件的数据接口及转换方法研究[J].石油矿场机械.2007,36(2)：4-6.
[102]关振群,顾元宪,张洪武,等.三维CAD/CAE一体化的参数化动态有限元建模[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.2003, (12):1112-1119.
[103]万苏文.基于STEP的CAX集成系统的开发研究[J].重庆工学院学报.2005.3,19(3)：28-31.
[104]谢世坤,黄菊花,杨国泰. CAD/CAE集成中的有限元模型转换之研究[J].中国机械工程.2005.3,16(5)：428-431.
[105]Craig B. Chapman, Martyn Pinfold. The Application of a Knowledge Based Engineering Approach to the Rapid Design and Analysis of an Automotive Structure [J]. Advances in Engineering Software.32(2001):903-912.
[106]陈永当,杨海成,莫蓉,等.基于知识的产品开发集成技术[J].计算机辅助工程.2005.12,14(4)：53-57.
[107]李军,李艳辉,郑金桥.基于KBE的冲压件自评价工艺方案设计[J].工程设计学报.2006.6,13(3)：140-144.
[108]刘忠途.基于知识的CAD系统若干关键技术研究[D].华中科技大学.2005.
[109]Yoshioka M, Umeda Y, et al. Physical Concept Ontology for the Knowledge Intensive Engineering Framework [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2004,18(2):95-113.
[110]http://www.ktiworld.com.
[111]陈明星,沈萌红. CATIA环境下基于知识的机械产品参数化造型设计研究[J].机械.2003,30(6)：17-18.
[112]顾晓华,仲梁维.基于知识工程的参数化设计[J].机械设计与制造工程.2001,(4)：17-18,31.
[113]熊欣,马洪阁. CATIA V5将知识工程应用于汽车零部件开发[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化, 2004,(1)：96-98.
[114]王玉新.数字化设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[115]赵波.基于KBE的机械产品设计[J].机械设计,2004,21(7)：7-8,54.
[116]景旭,李莉敏.基于UG/KDA的广义知识库系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程.2003,29(4)：124-126.
[117]Unigraphics Solutions Inc, UG知识熔接技术培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2002.
[118]姜龙,孙海波. Pro/ENGINEER的行为建模技术应用[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化.2004,(1)：94-95.
[119]孟宪颐,赵国恩.基于Pro/Engineer分析特征的结构优化设计[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2004,20(1)：37-41.
[120]Aamodt A., Plaza E. Case-based reasoning:foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches [J]. Artificial Intelligence Communications.1994,7(1):39-5.
[121]王诚,董轩明IPEAS:适用于建设项目经济评价的决策支持系统[J].计算机研究与发展.1997,(6)：427.
[122]高剑峰,蒋华,张申生.CBD关键技术研究[J].计算机工程.1998.6,24(6)：44-52.
[123]张亮.演化式事例改写策略[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版).1997.2,43(1)：51-56.
[124]孙晓斌,杨海成,王佑君.基于实例的设计方法研究[J].机械科学与技术.2000.3,19(2)：331-332.
[125]张斌.基于实例推理的产品再设计策略研究[D].武汉科技大学.2004.10.
[126]吴庆鸣,张志强.基于KBE的隧道掘进机主机智能设计系统[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(4)：331-333.
[127]张志强.隧道掘进机主机快速设计平台的研究及构建[D].武汉大学.2006.4.
[128]董益亮.基于知识的产品变型设计技术及实例化研究[D].重庆大学.2003.3.
[129]机械设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2001.9.
[130]郭良国.HZS120混凝土搅拌站的设计[J].建设机械技术与管理.2004,(5)：60-62.
[131]田奇.混凝土搅拌楼及沥青混凝土搅拌站[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2005.4.
[2]路甬祥.21世纪中国制造业面临的挑战与机遇[J].机械工程师.2005,(1)：9-13.
[3]路甬祥.工程设计的发展趋势和未来[J].机械工程学报.1997.2,33(1)：1-8.
[4]江力,孙守迁,何志均.智能化产品变型设计支持系统模型及其应用[J].工程设计.1997,(3)：14-19.
[5]余思佳,黄松波,雷毅. CAXA实体设计的专用化开发[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2005,(10)：2373-2378.
[6]杨海成,廖文和.基于知识的三维CAD技术及应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2005.
[7]陈德人.参数化设计模型与方法[J].浙江大学学报(自然科学版).1995.3,29(2)：179-183.
[8]祁国宁,杨青海,黄哲人,等.面向大批量定制的产品开发设计方法研究[J].中国机械工程.2004,15(10)：1697-1701.
[9]李凌丰.参数化设计中的尺寸约束传递模型研究[J].中国机械工程.1996,7(4)：37-38.
[10]方水良,沈振华.复杂变型产品参数传递结构研究[J].计算机集成制造系统.2006.12,12(12)：1934-1938.
[11]刘夫云,祁国宁.配置产品尺寸参数传递方法及其应用[J].机械工程学报.2007.4,43(4)：144-151
[12]Pahl G, Beitz W. Engineering design a systematic approach [M]. London:Springer-Verlag,1996.
[13]侯亮,唐任仲,徐燕申.产品模块化设计理论、技术与应用研究进展[J].机械工程学报.2004,40(1)：56-61.
[14]王海军.面向大规模定制的产品模块化若干设计方法研究[D].大连理工大学.2005.4.
[15]Ulrich K, Tung K. Fundamentals of product Modularity [C]. ASME Design Engineering Division, 1991,39:73-79.
[16]Suh N P. The principle of design [M]. Oxford:Oxford University Press,1990.
[17]贾延林.模块化设计[M].北京.机械工业出版社.1993.9.
[18]Erixion G, Yxkull V A, ARNSTROM A. Modularity the basis for product and factory reengineering [J]. CIRP Annals-Manufacturing Technology,1996,45(1):1-4.
[19]Gu P, Sosale S. Product modularization for life cycle engineering [J]. Robotics and Computer Integrated manufacturing,1999,15(5):387-401.
[20]Stone R B, Wood K L, Crawford R H. Using quantitative functional models to develop product architecture [J]. Design Studies,2000,21(3):239-260.
[21]Tsai Y T, Wang K S. The development of modular-based design in considering technology complexity [J]. European Journal of Operation Research,1999,119(3):692-703.
[22]O'grad Y P, Liang W Y. An Internet-based search formalism for design with modules [J]. Computers & Industrial Engineering,1998,35(1-2):13-16.
[23]Hillstrom F. Applying axiomatic design to interface analysis in modular product development [C]. ASME Design Engineering Division,1994,69-2:363-371.
[24]Kikuo Fujita. Product Variety Optimization under Modular Architecture [J]. Computer-Aided Design 2002, (34):953-965.
[25]徐燕申,侯亮,张连洪,等.液压机广义模块化设计原理及其应用[J].机械设计.2001,18(1)：1-3,41.
[26]侯亮,徐燕申,李森,等.基于参数化造型、变量优化的广义模块化设计[J].组合机床与自动化加工技.2001,(8)：13-15.
[27]高卫国,徐燕申,陈永亮,等.广义模块化设计原理及方法[J].机械工程学报.2006.6,43(6)：48-54.
[28]钟伟弘.面向产品族的液压机广义模块化快速设计技术[D].天津大学.2004.8.
[29]高淑英.粗纱机广义模块化设计及其软件实现技术[D].天津大学.2005.5.
[30]张学玲.基于广义模块化设计的机械结构静、动态特性分析及优化设计[D].天津大学.2004.7.
[31]钟伟弘,徐燕申,卢志永,等.基于广义模块化快速设计的液压机产品模块划分与规划[J].机械设计.2003.12,20(12)：8-10,21.
[32]徐丽萍,徐燕申,卢志永,等.基于柔性元结构的广义模块化产品族建模及其应用[J].中国机械工程.2004.9,15(18)：1654-1656.
[33]侯亮,徐燕申,唐任仲,等.面向广义模块化设计的产品族规划方法研究[J].中国机械工程.2003.4,14(7)：696-599.
[34]高淑英,徐燕申.机械产品广义模块结构模型创建技术研究[J].制造技术与机床.2007,(1)：68-71.
[35]郑辉,徐燕申,侯亮,等.基于KBE和CAE结合的液压机结构柔性模块创建[J].天津大学学报.2003.3,36(2)：178-182.
[36]窦润亮.基于KBE和CAE技术的产品柔性模块设计[J].制造业自动化.2007.1,29(1)：54-57.
[37]钟伟弘,徐燕申,卢志永,等.基于广义模块化快速响应设计的液压机产品动态模型的建立[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2004,(1)：14-15,17.
[38]Armstrong CG. Modeling requirements for finite-element analysis [J]. Computer Aided Design. 1994,26(7):573-578.
[39]Armstrong CG, McKeag RM, Ou H, et al. Geometric processing for analysis. In:Proceedings of geometric modeling and processing 2000, Hong Kong, China, April 10-12,2000,45-56.
[40]Suresh K. Automating the CAD/CAE dimensional reduction process. In:Proceedings of the eighth ACM symposium on solid modeling and applications, Seattle, WA, USA,2003,76-85.
[41]Crocker GA, Reinke WF. An editable non-manifold boundary representation [J]. IEEE Computer Graphics Application.1991,11(2):39-51.
[42]Gadh R, Sonthi R. Geometric shape abstractions for internet-based virtual prototyping. Computer Aided Design.1998,30(6):473-486.
[43]Gordon S. An analyst's view:STEP-enabled CAD-CAE integration. In:Presentation materials of NASA's STEP for aerospace workshop, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, January 16-19, 2001.
[44]Sang Hun Lee. A CAD-CAE integration approach using feature-based multi-resolution and multi-abstraction modeling techniques [J]. Computer-Aided Design.37 (2005):941-955.
[45]Yung-Chou Kao, Hsin-Yu Cheng, Chen-Hua She. Development of an integrated CAD/CAE/CAM system on taper-tipped thread-rolling die-plates [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 177, (2006):98-103.
[46]Keun Park, Y.S. Kim, C.S. Kim, H.J. Park. Integrated application of CAD/CAM/CAE and RP for rapid development of a humanoid biped robot [J]. Journal of Materials Processing Technology. 187-188, (2007):609-613.
[47]Finn, D.P. A Physical Modeling assistant for the preliminary stages of finite element analysis [J]. Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 7:275-286.
[48]David Baxtera, James Gaob, Keith Case, et al. A framework to integrate design knowledge reuse and requirements management in engineering design [J]. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing.24 (2008):585-593.
[49]张丽华,曾庆良,万丽荣,等.并行、协同开发环境下产品信息集成技术研究[J].计算机应用研究.2003,(11)：39-41.
[50]刘锡锋,董黎敏.机械CAD-Pro/E应用及开发[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004.
[51]黎华,陈曦,王重华,等.岸边桥式起重机CAD/CAE集成系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程与设计,2006.11,27(21)：4016-4018.
[52]黄红星,张和明,熊光楞.并行工程中产品信息集成研究[J].计算机工程与应用.2002.10,30-32.
[53]刘祖良,庞守美,郑继周. CAD/CAE代表软件集成接口技术浅析[J].机械研究与应用.2007.8,20(4)：104-106.
[54]彭继忠,李建明,黄利平,等.基于PDM框架的应用集成研究与实践[J].计算机集成制造系统.2000.2,6(1)：65-69
[55]苟凌怡,熊光楞,谢金崇,等.基于XML的产品信息集成关键技术研究[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.2002.2,14(2)：105-110.
[56]高淑英,徐燕申.机械产品广义模块化设计系统中柔性模块数据模型研究[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.2005,(5)：1-2,19.
[57]高淑英,徐燕申,胡德计,等.面向广义模块化设计的机械产品模块数据建模及其应用研究[J].机床与液压.2006,(1)：6-8.
[58]赵晖,席平.基于知识集成模型的产品快速设计[J].北京航空航天大学学报.2007.1,33(1)：123-126.
[59]杨德一,张小莉,郭钢.基于知识工程的汽车总体设计系统[J].机械与电子.2003(6)：14-18.
[60]赵震,彭颖红.KBE在冲压工艺设计中的应用[J].模具技术.2001,(4)：59-61.
[61]J.A. Penoyer, G. Burnett, D.J. Fawcett et al. Knowledge Based Product Life Cycle Systems: Principles of Integration of KBE and C3P [J]. Computer-Aided Design.32(2000):311-320.
[62]Hwai-En Tseng, Chien-Chen Chang, Shu-Hsuan Chang. Applying Case-Based Reasoning for Product Configuration in Mass Customization Environments [J]. Expert Systems with Applications.29(2005):913-925.
[63]江力,何志均,孙守迁.基于实例的多推理机合作变型设计系统[J].软件学报.1998.11,9(11)：861-865.
[64]王琪,廖文和.支持变型设计的重用策略研究[J].盐城工学院学报(自然科学版).2005.12,18(4)：1-4.
[65]易际明,杨靖.面向装配的智能变型设计技术及应用研究[J].湖南工程学院学报.2005.3,15(1)：25-29.
[66]赵翼翔,陈新度,陈新.应用事例推理的门式起重机械关键零部件变型设计研究[J].现代制造工程.2006,(7)：1-3.
[67]何朝明,唐倩,何铁宁.基于实例的变型设计系统[J].机械.2002,29(4)：31-33.
[68]张红旗,曹文钢,姜康,等.基于实例推理的产品变型设计技术的研究[J].机械工程师.2002,(8)：8-10.
[69]车颖,隋秀凛,葛江华,等.基于实例推理的产品变型设计技术研究[J].信息技术2005,(10)：104-106.
[70]李海庆,殷国富,方辉.混合案例推理机制在变型设计中的应用[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版).2007.3,39(2)：164-169.
[71]杨鑫华,邓武,兆文忠.基于粗糙集理论的冲模CAD系统中CBD方法研究[J].机械设计.2007.5,24(5)：17-19.
[72]李迎光,周儒荣,廖文和,等.基于规则推理的最近邻实例检索模型研究[J].机械科学与技术.2004.11,23(11)：1313-1316.
[73]王珂,廖文和,郭宇,等.基于位索引的多层次实例检索模型研究[J].中国机械工程.2007.8,18(16)：1953-1956.
[74]赵岩,莫蓉.航空发动机叶片锻件模型实例检索策略[J].中国机械工程.2008.7,19(13)： 1577-1581.
[75]Kolodner, JL. Case-based reasoning [M].1993. Morgan-Kaufmann.
[76]L.Shastri. Why Semantic Networks.Principles of Semanti Networks [J].1991:109-136, CA.
[77]C.M. Vonga, T.P. Leung, P.K. Wong. Case-based reasoning and adaptation in hydraulic production machine design [J]. Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence.2002, (15):567-585.
[78]Bergmann, R., Wilke, W. Towards a new formal model of transformational adaptation in case-based reasoning[C]. In:European Conference on Artificial Intelligence 1998 (ECAI'98).
[79]Stephen J.H.Yang, Norman W.Y.Shao. Enhancing pervasive Web accessibility with rule-based adaptation strategy [J]. Expert Systems with Applications.32 (2007):1154-1167.
[80]Susan Craw, Nirmalie Wiratunga, Ray C. Rowe. Learning adaptation knowledge to improve case-based reasoning [J]. Artificial Intelligence.170 (2006):1175-1192.
[81]S. Passone, P.W.H. Chung, V. Nassehi. Incorporating domain-specific knowledge into a genetic algorithm to implement case-based reasoning adaptation [J]. Knowledge-Based Systems.19 (2006):192-201.
[82]Claudio A. Policastro, Andre C.P.L.F. Carvalho, Alexandre C.B. Delbem. Automatic knowledge learning and case adaptation with a hybrid committee approach [J]. Journal of Applied Logic.4 (2006):26-38.
[83]I. Watson. Case-based reasoning is a methodology not a technology [J]. Knowledge-Based Systems.12 (1999):303-308.
[84]Barry Smyth, Mark T. Keane. Using adaptation knowledge to retrieve and adapt design cases [J]. Knowledge-Based Systems.9 (1996):127-135.
[85]陶铁军.基于实例推理技术及其研究发展方向[J].沈阳航空工业学院学报.2005.10,22(5)：51-53.
[86]张斌,高全杰,应保胜,等.实例推理和规则推理在实例修改中的应用[J].计算机工程.2005.7,31(13)：156-158.
[87]方峻,聂宏.一种能够学习和重用的实例修改策略[J].机械设计与制造.2005.9,(9)：165-166.
[88]王辉,周雄辉,阮雪榆.基于遗传算法的事例改写策略在注塑模成本评估CBR系统中的应用研究[J].中国机械工程.2002.11,13(22)：1957-1960.
[89]周馨,刘溪涓,钟廷修.工程设计中基于遗传算法的实例修改技术[J].机械设计.2001.2,(2)：10,11,19.
[90]刘长毅,徐诚,廖文和.CBD中采用改进遗传算法的实例修改[J].机械科学与技术.2003.7,22(增刊)：116-118.
[91]应保胜,易建钢,杨少华.基于相关性实例修改策略的研究[J].机械与电子.2004,(3)：7-9.
[92]汤廷孝,刘勇,黄翔,等.CBR系统中的实例修改研究[J].机械科学与技术.2006.4,25(4)：390-393.
[93]Chassan Issa. Using analogical reasoning for mechanism design [J]. IEE Expert,1994(7):60-64.
[94]赵继云,黄洪钟,高剑峰,等.CBD系统在变型设计中的应用及关键技术研究[J].机械科学与技术.1999.7,18(4)：634-637.
[95]Watson I. Case-based reasoning:A review. The Knowledge Engineering Review[J].1994,9(4).
[96]王志,张进生,于丰业,等.基于实例推理的产品变型设计技术[J].机电一体化.2003,(6)：35-37.
[97]卢开澄,卢华明.图论及其应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社.1995.
[98]Fred Buckley, Marty Lewinter. A Friendly Introduction to Graphy Theory [M]. Pearson Education, Inc.2003.
[99]张国军,邵新宇,李培根,等.基于赋权有向图的产品结构建模及其应用[J].中国机械工程.2004.1,15(1)：50-53.
[100]刘敏珊,李成刚,董其伍.应用工程数据库开发CAD/CAE集成系统[J].石油机械.2005,(1)：24-26.
[101]张淑霞,曾鸣,赵宏林,等.CAD与CAE软件的数据接口及转换方法研究[J].石油矿场机械.2007,36(2)：4-6.
[102]关振群,顾元宪,张洪武,等.三维CAD/CAE一体化的参数化动态有限元建模[J].计算机集成制造系统-CIMS.2003, (12):1112-1119.
[103]万苏文.基于STEP的CAX集成系统的开发研究[J].重庆工学院学报.2005.3,19(3)：28-31.
[104]谢世坤,黄菊花,杨国泰. CAD/CAE集成中的有限元模型转换之研究[J].中国机械工程.2005.3,16(5)：428-431.
[105]Craig B. Chapman, Martyn Pinfold. The Application of a Knowledge Based Engineering Approach to the Rapid Design and Analysis of an Automotive Structure [J]. Advances in Engineering Software.32(2001):903-912.
[106]陈永当,杨海成,莫蓉,等.基于知识的产品开发集成技术[J].计算机辅助工程.2005.12,14(4)：53-57.
[107]李军,李艳辉,郑金桥.基于KBE的冲压件自评价工艺方案设计[J].工程设计学报.2006.6,13(3)：140-144.
[108]刘忠途.基于知识的CAD系统若干关键技术研究[D].华中科技大学.2005.
[109]Yoshioka M, Umeda Y, et al. Physical Concept Ontology for the Knowledge Intensive Engineering Framework [J]. Advanced Engineering Informatics,2004,18(2):95-113.
[110]http://www.ktiworld.com.
[111]陈明星,沈萌红. CATIA环境下基于知识的机械产品参数化造型设计研究[J].机械.2003,30(6)：17-18.
[112]顾晓华,仲梁维.基于知识工程的参数化设计[J].机械设计与制造工程.2001,(4)：17-18,31.
[113]熊欣,马洪阁. CATIA V5将知识工程应用于汽车零部件开发[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化, 2004,(1)：96-98.
[114]王玉新.数字化设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003.
[115]赵波.基于KBE的机械产品设计[J].机械设计,2004,21(7)：7-8,54.
[116]景旭,李莉敏.基于UG/KDA的广义知识库系统的研究与实现[J].计算机工程.2003,29(4)：124-126.
[117]Unigraphics Solutions Inc, UG知识熔接技术培训教程[M].北京：清华大学出版社.2002.
[118]姜龙,孙海波. Pro/ENGINEER的行为建模技术应用[J]. CAD/CAM与制造业信息化.2004,(1)：94-95.
[119]孟宪颐,赵国恩.基于Pro/Engineer分析特征的结构优化设计[J].北京建筑工程学院学报,2004,20(1)：37-41.
[120]Aamodt A., Plaza E. Case-based reasoning:foundational issues, methodological variations, and system approaches [J]. Artificial Intelligence Communications.1994,7(1):39-5.
[121]王诚,董轩明IPEAS:适用于建设项目经济评价的决策支持系统[J].计算机研究与发展.1997,(6)：427.
[122]高剑峰,蒋华,张申生.CBD关键技术研究[J].计算机工程.1998.6,24(6)：44-52.
[123]张亮.演化式事例改写策略[J].武汉大学学报(自然科学版).1997.2,43(1)：51-56.
[124]孙晓斌,杨海成,王佑君.基于实例的设计方法研究[J].机械科学与技术.2000.3,19(2)：331-332.
[125]张斌.基于实例推理的产品再设计策略研究[D].武汉科技大学.2004.10.
[126]吴庆鸣,张志强.基于KBE的隧道掘进机主机智能设计系统[J].中国机械工程.2006,17(4)：331-333.
[127]张志强.隧道掘进机主机快速设计平台的研究及构建[D].武汉大学.2006.4.
[128]董益亮.基于知识的产品变型设计技术及实例化研究[D].重庆大学.2003.3.
[129]机械设计手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社.2001.9.
[130]郭良国.HZS120混凝土搅拌站的设计[J].建设机械技术与管理.2004,(5)：60-62.
[131]田奇.混凝土搅拌楼及沥青混凝土搅拌站[M].北京：中国建筑工业出版社.2005.4.