组织环境因素与上市公司绩效的关联性研究
|
摘要
始于2007年底的世界金融危机不仅引发了人们对金融创新与金融监管的反思,随之而来的企业倒闭和破产、失业率上升、工人罢工、甚至于“国家破产”(冰.岛)等日益恶化的连锁反应又再一次将世界的目光投向环境变化与组织绩效的关系——这一长期以来为学界关注的课题之上。与此同时,中国上市公司在中国证券市场发展的20年风风雨雨中,已经成为各行业推动经济建设与发展的中流砥柱。中国制造业,又恰恰是我国国民经济的重要支柱产业。基于此,本文选取中国制造业上市公司为样本,对上市公司组织环境与组织绩效之间的关系进行了规范研究和实证研究,这对于揭示组织环境因素的变化对上市公司绩效的影响程度及影响规律,指导上市公司在不同的生存环境下提高环境认知水平并做出正确的战略选择,提升公司的市场竞争力等都具有重要的理论和实践意义。
本文以组织环境与上市公司绩效的关系为研究内容,运用我国上市公司特别是制造业上市公司1998年以来的数据为样本,选取投入资本回报率为绩效衡量指标和环境特征因子、上市公司内部组织资源及行为特征因子为环境变化衡量指标,建立了宏观环境因素、行业环境因素、内部组织环境因素与上市公司绩效的回归模型,并应用数理统计的方法对影响因素进行了相关分析和假设检验。
采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法得出了如下结论：
1、与上市公司绩效呈正相关的因素有：政策的完善性与政府相关管制、GDP增长率、城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、行业集中度、行业内无形资产占总资产比、组织的年均资产总额、无形资产总额、公司总资产周转率、公司的进出口业务占主营业务收入之比、第一大股东持股比例、公司国有控股、第二-第十大股东持股量的集中度、公司股权激励制度等。
2、与上市公司绩效呈负相关的因素有：全社会R&D投资占GDP的比例、多元化程度、公司的购并重组战略、独立董事的比例、五大高管人员的持股比例、公司是否有违规行为、公司在其它市场挂牌上市等因素。
最后,本文依据实证分析的结果,强调了上市公司外部环境的变化(包括本行业环境因素的变化以及外部宏观环境的变化)必须纳入到决策的范围之中,同时组织内部环境要素、资源及能力,特别是制度性的环境要素对组织长期绩效的影响也是管理者需要关注的重要决策考虑。
The worldwide financial crisis starting in late 2007 not only raised our thought of financial innovation and financial supervision and regulation, but the following business failures and bankruptcies, rising unemployment rate, strikes, and even "national bankruptcy" (Iceland, as an example), and other deteriorating chain reactions will draw the world's attention once again to the relationship between environmental change and organizational performance----a classic and enduring topic in academic field. At the same time, China's listed companies, during the difficult development of China's stock market in the past 20 years, have become the mainstay in the economic construction and development of many industries. China's manufacturing industry, is exactly the important pillar industry of our national economy.
In view of the situation, this paper selects the listed manufacturing companies in China as samples, doing both normative and empirical research on relationship between the listed companies'organizational environment and their performance, which has important theoretical and practical significance in revealing the influence of the changes of the organizational environmental factors on the performance of listed companies, guiding the survival of listed companies in different environments to improve the level of environmental awareness and make the right strategic choices to enhance the market competitiveness.
This paper is intended to study the relationship between listed companies'environment and their performance, using their data from 1998 as samples, selecting ROCI as the indicator of performance and environmental characteristics factor, listed company's internal resources and behavior characteristics as the indicator of environmental change. On this basis, this paper establishes a regression model between listed companies' performance and macro environmental factors, industrial environmental factors and their internal environmental factors. And the author uses mathematical statistical methods to conduct correlation analysis and hypothesis test.
This paper, through the method of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, concludes that:
The factors that are positively related to the performance of listed companies are:the perfection and government policy and related government control, GDP growth rate,urban per capita disposable income of households, industry concentration, industry intangible assets to total assets ratio, average total assets of the company, the net worth of intangible assets, turnover of total assets,the company's intangible assets growth rate,the company's import and export business accounted for the main business income ratio, the proportion of the largest shareholder, State-owned holding company,the concentration amount of the second-the tenth largest shareholders, equity incentive system and so on.
The factors that are negatively related to the performance of listed companies are:R & D investment in the whole society-GDP ratio, diversification, restructuring the company's acquisition strategy, the proportion of independent directors, the five executives of the shareholding, the company's illegal acts, companies listed in other markets and so on.
Finally, this paper, based on the results of empirical analysis, emphasizes that the changes in the external environment of listed companies (including changes in environmental factors in the industry and external macro-environment changes) must be included in the scope of the decision-making. At the same time, environmental factors within the organization, resources and capabilities, in particular, the influence of institutional factors which have much influence on company's long-term performance should also be particularly considered when managers make decisions.
本文以组织环境与上市公司绩效的关系为研究内容,运用我国上市公司特别是制造业上市公司1998年以来的数据为样本,选取投入资本回报率为绩效衡量指标和环境特征因子、上市公司内部组织资源及行为特征因子为环境变化衡量指标,建立了宏观环境因素、行业环境因素、内部组织环境因素与上市公司绩效的回归模型,并应用数理统计的方法对影响因素进行了相关分析和假设检验。
采用定量分析与定性分析相结合的方法得出了如下结论：
1、与上市公司绩效呈正相关的因素有：政策的完善性与政府相关管制、GDP增长率、城镇居民家庭人均可支配收入、行业集中度、行业内无形资产占总资产比、组织的年均资产总额、无形资产总额、公司总资产周转率、公司的进出口业务占主营业务收入之比、第一大股东持股比例、公司国有控股、第二-第十大股东持股量的集中度、公司股权激励制度等。
2、与上市公司绩效呈负相关的因素有：全社会R&D投资占GDP的比例、多元化程度、公司的购并重组战略、独立董事的比例、五大高管人员的持股比例、公司是否有违规行为、公司在其它市场挂牌上市等因素。
最后,本文依据实证分析的结果,强调了上市公司外部环境的变化(包括本行业环境因素的变化以及外部宏观环境的变化)必须纳入到决策的范围之中,同时组织内部环境要素、资源及能力,特别是制度性的环境要素对组织长期绩效的影响也是管理者需要关注的重要决策考虑。
The worldwide financial crisis starting in late 2007 not only raised our thought of financial innovation and financial supervision and regulation, but the following business failures and bankruptcies, rising unemployment rate, strikes, and even "national bankruptcy" (Iceland, as an example), and other deteriorating chain reactions will draw the world's attention once again to the relationship between environmental change and organizational performance----a classic and enduring topic in academic field. At the same time, China's listed companies, during the difficult development of China's stock market in the past 20 years, have become the mainstay in the economic construction and development of many industries. China's manufacturing industry, is exactly the important pillar industry of our national economy.
In view of the situation, this paper selects the listed manufacturing companies in China as samples, doing both normative and empirical research on relationship between the listed companies'organizational environment and their performance, which has important theoretical and practical significance in revealing the influence of the changes of the organizational environmental factors on the performance of listed companies, guiding the survival of listed companies in different environments to improve the level of environmental awareness and make the right strategic choices to enhance the market competitiveness.
This paper is intended to study the relationship between listed companies'environment and their performance, using their data from 1998 as samples, selecting ROCI as the indicator of performance and environmental characteristics factor, listed company's internal resources and behavior characteristics as the indicator of environmental change. On this basis, this paper establishes a regression model between listed companies' performance and macro environmental factors, industrial environmental factors and their internal environmental factors. And the author uses mathematical statistical methods to conduct correlation analysis and hypothesis test.
This paper, through the method of quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, concludes that:
The factors that are positively related to the performance of listed companies are:the perfection and government policy and related government control, GDP growth rate,urban per capita disposable income of households, industry concentration, industry intangible assets to total assets ratio, average total assets of the company, the net worth of intangible assets, turnover of total assets,the company's intangible assets growth rate,the company's import and export business accounted for the main business income ratio, the proportion of the largest shareholder, State-owned holding company,the concentration amount of the second-the tenth largest shareholders, equity incentive system and so on.
The factors that are negatively related to the performance of listed companies are:R & D investment in the whole society-GDP ratio, diversification, restructuring the company's acquisition strategy, the proportion of independent directors, the five executives of the shareholding, the company's illegal acts, companies listed in other markets and so on.
Finally, this paper, based on the results of empirical analysis, emphasizes that the changes in the external environment of listed companies (including changes in environmental factors in the industry and external macro-environment changes) must be included in the scope of the decision-making. At the same time, environmental factors within the organization, resources and capabilities, in particular, the influence of institutional factors which have much influence on company's long-term performance should also be particularly considered when managers make decisions.
引文
①Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland & Robert E.Hoskisson著,吕巍译,战略管理竞争与全球化(概念)(第8版)[M].北京：机械工业出版,2009
①C.Williams & W.Mitchell,2004,Focusing firm evolution:The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science, Vol.50,No.11:1561-1575.
②Edward S.Mason.The Current State of the Monopoly Problemin the United States[J].Harvard Law Review,1949,(6),62:pp.1265-1285.
③Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Competition[M],1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
④Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2, March-April,1979,pp.137-145.
①Tom Bums and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
② Hannan MT, Freeman JH.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
①Meyer, J. W./Rowan, B. (1978):The Structure of Educational Organizations[A]. (In:Meyer, M.W. (eds.):Environments and Organizations[C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.78-109.
② Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160
③Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
④ Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review,57,no.2,March-April,1979,pp.137-145; Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].New York:Free Press,1980;Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93. John Ketter, James. L.Heskett,曾中,李晓涛译,企业文化与经营业绩[M].华夏出版社,1997,pp.85
①Jones,G.R.,George,J.M.and Hill,C.W.L.李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003
②D.S.Pugh,彭和平,杨小工译,组织理论精萃[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1990。
①Taylor,Frederick Winslow,The Principles of Scientific Management[M].1911,New York w.w.MNorton &Co.Inc
②Fayol,H,General and Industrial Management[M].1925,Paris:Dunod.
③Mayo,George Elton,The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization[M].1945,Boston:Graduate School of Business Administration,Harvard University.
④ Max Weber林荣远译,经济与社会[M].2004,商务印书馆。
⑤Gulick,L.and Urwick,L.(eds),Papers on the Science of Administration[C].Institute of PublicAdministration,1937,New York.
⑥朱国云,组织理论：历史与流派[M].南京：南京大学出版社,1997。
⑦Barnard,Chester I,The Function of the Executive[M]. Harvard University Press,Cambridge,Mass Passim,1938
⑧Marshall,Alfred,Principles of Economics[M].London:Macmillan,1925.
⑨Edward H.Chamberlain,The Theory of Monopolistic Competion[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1933
⑩chester I.Bamard,Functions of the Executive,孙耀君译[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社1998。
11Trist E.,A concept of Organizational Ecology[J]Australian Journal of Managernent,1976,2:161-176.
①Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2005.
②Dill William. R., Environment as an Influence on Managerial Autonomy[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 2(4),1958.409-443.
③E.T.Penrose,The theory of the growth of the firm[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1959.
④ Peter Michael Blau & W. R. Scott..Formal Organizations:A Comparative Approach[M]. San Francisco:Chandler,1962; 194-221.
⑤ Marshall W.Meyer(1978),Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series.
⑥ W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J].Annual Review of SocioIogy,2004,No.30.pp.1-21.
⑦Emery. F.E.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J]. Human Relations,18 (1965),21-32.
⑧Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C.(1978), Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY,
⑨ Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper& Row,1978.
⑩ Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffcr,Environments of Organizations[A]. In A.Inkeles (Ed), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.: Annual Review, Inc.,1976,79-105.
11Williamson, O. E,& Ouchi, W. G. The markets and hierarchies and visible hand perspectives:The markets and hierarchies program of research:Origins, implication, prospects[A]. In A. Van de Ven & J. Joyce, Perspectives on organization design and behavior[C]. New York: Wiley,1981,347-370.
①Pfeffer, Jeffrey, population Ecology., (excerpt from Ch 5) [A].in Organizations and Organization Theory[C]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company,1982,180-192.
②Scott, W. G. Organizations, rational, natural, and open systems[M].Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall,1982.
③ Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and Hierarchies[M]. New York:Free Press.
④ David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, (1984) Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population[J].Academy of Management Review,1984(9),p471-81.
⑤参见：赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适----理论与方法[M],2007,中国社会科学出版社,P.44。
⑥ Tom Bums and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
⑦Hannan M T, Freeman JH.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
⑧ Meyer, J. W./Rowan, B. (1978):The Structure of Educational Organizations[A]. (In:Meyer, M.W. (eds):Environments and Organizations[C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.78-109.
⑨ Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160.
⑩ Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
11 Marshall A..Principle of Economics[M].,1925,London:Macmillan.
12 Edward H.Chamberlain,The Theory of Monopolistic Competition[M] 1933,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
13 Selznick, P.,TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M],1949,Berkeley:University of California Press
14 Emerson, R. M., Power-dependence relations[J].American Sociological Review,1962,27:31-41.
15 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].1978, New York: Harper & Row.
10 W.Richard Scott, Organizations:Rational, Natural and Open Systems[M]1998, Prentice-Hall Inc.
① W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2004,No.30.pp.1-21.
②Tom Bums and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
③Lawrence, P. R./Lorsch J. W. (1967):Organization and Environment. Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston.
④Hannan M T, Freeman J H.,The population ecology of organizations[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964
⑤ MacArthur, Robert H.1972, Geographical Ecology:Patterns in the Distribution of Species[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
Donald T. Campbell,Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes[J].Psychology Review 67, 1960,380-400.
⑦ Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer., Environments of Organizations[A]. In A. Inkeles (Ed), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.: Annual Review, Inc.,1976,79-105.
⑧ Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. Carroll.1992. Dynamics of Organizational Populations:Density, Legitimation, and Competition. New York:
Oxford University Press.
⑨ Baum,J.A.C & SinghJ.V.,Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
⑩Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.1995, Organizations in Industry:Strategy,Structre and Selection[M].New York.Oxford University Press
11 Aldrich.H.E., Organizations Evolving[M].1991,London:SAGE Publications.
12 Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.,The Demography of Corporations and Industries [M].2000,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
① Coase,R H.The nature of the firm[J].Economica,I937,4,16,pp.386-405.
③Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian:Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony[J].American Journal of Sociology,
② Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann,1967,The social construction of reality:A treatise on the sociology of knowledge[M].,1991 edition ed.England:Penguin Books. 1977,83, pp.340-363.
④ Selznick, P., TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization[M].1949,Berkeley:University of California Press.
⑤ Parsons,Talcott,1960,Structure and Process in Modem Societies, New York:The Free Press.
⑥ Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160..
⑦ Meyer, John W. and Scott, Richard W, With the assistance of Brian Rowan and Terrence E. Deal,1983, Organizational Environments. Ritual and Rationality[M]. Beverly Hills:CA, Sage.
⑧ Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160..
⑨ Weber,M.The Sociology of Religion[M].1921,Beacon Press
⑩Scott, W. R.,2001,Institutions and organizations[M].2nd ed. Thousand Oaks:Sage.
① Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
② Alferd D.Chandler,Strategy and Structure[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1962.
③ Karl E Weick.Enactment process in organizations [A].In Barry M Staw and Gerald R Salanick,eds.New directions in organizational
behavior(Chapter 8)[C].Chicago,IIlinois:St Clair Press,1977.
④ Whittington,R.(1988),Environmental structure and theories of strategic choice[J]. Journal of Management Studies,25,1988,521-536.
⑤Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
⑥ Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2005
⑦Lawrence, P. R./Lorsch J. W. (1967):Organization and Environment. Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston.
⑧ Galbraith, J., Designing Complex Organizations[M]. Addison-Wesley, Reading,1973.
⑨邓伟根,产业经济学研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2001
⑨ Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy"[J]. Harvard Business Review,57,no.2, March-April,1979,pp.137-145; Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].New York:Free Press,1980;Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy [J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93.
11 Selznick, P. (1957) Leadership in Administration, A Sociological Interpretation[M]. New York:Harper & Row.
①Chester I.Bamard Functions of the Executive.孙耀君译:[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社1998。
② Blau, P. M./Schoenherr, R. (1971).The Structure of Organizations[M].Basic Books, New York, passim.
③ Jeffrey Pfeffer(1978):The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed) Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series, pp.29-50.
④ Meyer, M. W. (1972):Size and the Structure of Organizations:A Causal Analysis[J].American Sociological Review 37, pp.434-441.
⑤ Child, J. (1973):Predicting and Understanding Organizational Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,18, pp.168-185.
⑥Robbins, St. P. (1983):Organization Theory, Structure, Design and Applications[M].Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp.54-84; 103-123.
⑦Marshall, Colin (1990):Flat, not Flatulent[J].Management Today. April, pp.5.
Bluedorn, Allen C. (1993):Pilgrim's Progress:trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments [J].Journal of management,19, pp.163-168.
⑨ Richard P. Rumelt, Towards a strategic theory of the firm[A]. In R. B. Lamb (Ed), Competitive strategic management[C].Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall 1984
⑩ Wernerfelt,B., A Resource-based View of the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal 5, no.2, April-June,1984, pp.171-180.
11 Hayes, Rand K. Clark (1985). Exploring the Sources of Productivity Differences at the Factory Level[A].(in K. Clark et al. (eds.), The Uneasy Alliance:Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma[C]. Boston, Mass.:HBs Press.
12 Barney,J., Strategic factor markets:Expectations, luck and business strategy[J].Management Science,1986.32 (10)pp1231-1241; Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J] Journal of Management,1991.17 (1)pp99-120.
13 Barney J B.,Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,Vol.17,No.1, p99-120.
14 David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M].Harvard Business School Note No.792-804,1992.
15 James C.Collins, Jerrv I.Porras,刘国远等译,企业不败(Built to Last)[M].新华出版社,1996。
16 Diericky L,Cool K,Asset stock accumulation and the sustainability of competitive advantage[J].Management Science,1989,35,p1504-1511.
17 T.J.Peters and R.H.Waterman,Jr.,In Search of Excellence[M].New York:Warner Books,1982.
18 Hansen, G. S., and B. Wernerfelt (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance:The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors[J]. Strategic Management Journal,10:399-411.
19 C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review, May-June,1990,79-93.
① D T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A.Shuen,Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal.Vol.18,No7,August 1997,pp509-533(1997,18 (7):509-533).
②David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery.Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2005.
③Alferd D.Chandler,Strategy and Structure[M].Cambridge,MA:MITPress,1962.
④ E.P.Learned,C.Roland Christensen,and Kenneth Andrews, Business Policy:Text and Cases,[M] New york:Burr Ridge,IL:Irwin,1965.
⑤ H.Igor Ansoff,Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approoch to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion [M] New York:McGraw-Hill,J 965.
⑥ Child, John,Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
⑦Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M]. Cambridge,Harvard University Press,1974.
⑧ Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal.October-December,1981,pp327-43
⑨ R.A Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp379-94
⑩ Lang and Rene M.Stulz,Tobin's Q,Corporate Diversification, and Firm Performance[J].The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.102,No.6 December1994,1248-1280.
11 C.A.Montgomery, B.Wernerfelt,Diversification,Ricardian Rents,and Tobin's Q[J].RAND Journal of Economics,1988,pp.623-32.
① F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification:Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics.1991 pp318
② R.A.D'Aveni,1995,Coping with hypercompetition:Utilizing the new 7S's framework[J].Academy of Management Executive,9(3):46.
③ Anup Agrawal, Jeffrey F.Jaffe, Gershon N. Mandelker. The Post-Merger Performance of Acquiring Firms:A Re-examination of an Anomaly[J]. Journal of Finance,1992, (4).
④Tim Loughran, Anand M. Vijh. Do Long-Term Shareholders Benefit From Corporate Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1997, (5).
⑤ Ariel Markelevich. Examining the Performance of Corporate Acquisitions Based on the Motive for the Acquisition[J].National Bureau of Economic Research,2004,5:pp.1-48.
⑥ Mahmud Hassan, Dilip K. Patro, Howard Tuckman, XiaoliWang. The Long Term Performance of Merger and Acquisition in Pharmaceutical Industry[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,2007, l:pp.58-78.
⑦ Robert Lensink, Iryna Maslennikova Value Performance of European Bank Acquisitions[J]. Applied Financial Economics,2008, (18).
⑧ Donald R. Fraser, Hao Zhang. Mergers and Long-Term Corporate Performance. Evidence from Cross-Border Bank Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,2009,4:1503-1513.
⑨William P. Wan and Daphne W Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J] Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30, No.7,Jul.,2009, pp.791-801
⑩Matraves, C. and P. Rodriguez. Profitability, Diversification, and Multinational in Leading German and UK Firms. International Journal of Business and Economics,2005,4(2):87-105.
11David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery.Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2005.
12 D.Finegold, E.E.Lawler Ⅲ,&J.Conger,2001,Building a better board[J]. Journal of Business Strategy,22(6):33-37; M.S.Schwartz, T.W.Dunfee,&M.J.Kline,2005, Tone at the top:An ethics code for directors? [J].Joumal of Business Ethics,58:79-100; C.J.Prince,2006, When bad things happen to good CEOs[J], Chief Executive, October,52-55.
13 R.Charan,1998,How Corporate Boards Create Competitive Advantage[M]. San Francisco, Jossey-Bsss; M.Carney,2005, Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29:249-265;I.Le Breton-Miller &D.Miller,006,Why do some family business out-compete? Governance, long-term orientations, and sustainable capability[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,30:731-746.
① G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2004, Breakthrough board performance:How to harness your board's intellectual capital[J]. Corporate Governance,
governance[J].Corporate Governance,15(4):585-608. Thomas, Kidd,& Fernandez-Araoz,2007,Are you underutilizing your board?[J].MIT 4(1):5-23;G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2007, Can directors impact performance?A case-based test of three theories of corporate
② R.P.Wright,2004, Top managers' strategic cognitions of the strategy making process:Differences between high and low performing firms[J]. Sloan Management Review,48(2)71-76. Journal of General Management,30(1):61-78.
③ Lukas B.A.,Tan J.J.,Hult T.M.,2001,Strategic fit in transitional economics:the case of China's industry[J]. Journal of Management, 27:pp.409-429.
④Snow,C.C.and G.Hrebiniak(1980), Strategy,Distinctive Competence and Organizational Performance[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,25,No.2,pp.317-336.
⑤ Desarbo W.S,Di BenedettoC.A,SongM,Sinha I.Revisiting tyhe Miles and Snow Strategic Framework:uncovering interrelatonships between strategeic types,Capabilities,environmental uncertainty,and firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,26:47-74,2005.
⑥ James P. Guthrie, Curtis M. Grimm, Ken G. Smith,Environmental change and management staffing:an empirical study[J]. Journal of Management,(12),1991,pp735-48.
⑦ Haveman,H.A.Between a rock and Hard place:Organizational Change and Performance under Conditions of Fundamental Environmental transformation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37, pp48-75.
⑧ Barr,P.S,dapting to unfamiliar environmental events:a look at the evolution of interpretation and its role in strategic change[J].Organization Science,1998(9):644-669.
⑨Forte M.,Hoffman J.J.,Lamont B.T.,Brockman E.N., Organizational form and environment:an analysis of between-form and within-form responses to environment change[J]. Strategic Management Journal,21:753-773,2000.
⑩Jaeyong Song, Firm Capabilities and technology ladders:Sequential Foreign Direct Investments of Japanese Electronics Firms in East Asia[J]. Strategic Management Journal,23:3,191-210,2002.
11Duncan, R. B.1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J], Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3),1972,313-327.
12 H.Igor Ansoff, Strategic Management[M].1979,Lonsdon:Macmillan.
13 Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
14王伟,基于平衡计分卡的公共组织绩效评价研究[D].天津大学,2005
① Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (Jan.-Feb.1992). The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance[J]. Harvard Business Review.
②Clark, K.B.:High performance product development in the world auto industry. Paper presented at the International Forum on Technology Management, La Hulpe, Belgium (1989).
③ Dixon JR, Nanni, A.J. and Vollman, T.E.:The New Performance Challenge:Measuring Operations for World Class Competition. Illinois:
Business One Irwin,1990.
④Mather, H.:Competitive Manufacturing. Prentice Hall Business and Professional Division. Eagle Cliffs,1989.
⑤刘延平,企业环境与国际竞争力[J].辽宁大学学报,1995,86-88。
⑥杨一民,企业与环境关系的系统学思考[J].生产力研究,1996(2),64-68。
⑦陈国权,王斌,陈玉祥,而向可持续发展的企业环境分析与经营管理框架[J]清华大学学报,(哲学社会科学版)、1998(4),59--66。
⑧席两民等,经济管理基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998。
⑨邱泽奇,在工厂化和网络化的背后—组织理论的发展与困境[J].社会学研究,1999(4),2-25。
⑩杨丁元,陈慧玲(1999),业竞天择：高科技产业生态[M].航空工业出版社,1999。
①席西民,企业外部环境分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001。
②陈国权,组织与环境的关系及组织学习[J].管理科学学报,2001(5)。
③罗珉,组织理论的新发展—种群生态学理论的贡献[J].外国经济与管理2001,10,P34-37;罗珉,管理理论的新发展[M]成都：西南财经大学出版社,2003。
④罗珉,李永强,协作网络下的组织环境理论综述[J].电子科技大学学报社科版,2003,5,(3),29-32。
⑤梁磊,中外组织生态学研究的比较分析[J]管理评论,2004(3),51-57；梁磊、邢欣,产业组织研究基于组织生态学的最新进展[J]经济理论与经济管理,2004,(1),64-69。
⑥彭璧玉,组织生态学理论理论述评[J].经济学家,2006(5),1]1-117;彭璧玉,组织种群演化理论述评fJ]经济评论,2007(5),156-160;彭璧玉,夏申,生态学视角的组织死亡理论研究[J].当代经济研究,2005(8).21-26。
⑦赵英,王卉平,赵都敏,环境因素对新企业生成的影响研究--组织生态学的观点[J].软科学,2008(2),138-141。
⑧安景玲,齐二石,李中阳,李钢,基于资源与能力的竞争力理论研究综述[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2003,10,336-340。⑨马迎贤,资源依赖理论的发展和贡献评析[J].甘肃社会利学,2005(1),116-119。
⑩罗珉(2006),战略选择论的起源、发展与复杂性范式[J].外国经济与管理,2006(1),9-16。
11李晓明,战略视角下的企业环境理论综述[J].生产力研究,2009,4,170-172。
12邓伟根,产业经济学研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2001。
13赵锡斌,费显政,非均衡性分析：企业环境研究的新视角[J].经济与管理研究,2004(4)52-56；赵锡斌,夏频,动态环境中企业选择的压力及对策[J].江汉论坛,2004,05,41-43;张光明,赵锡斌,企业与环境相互作用机理研究[J].科技与管理2005,610-12；赵锡斌,温兴琦,混沌系统、企业环境与企业可持续发展战略[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2006,2.124-127；费显政,组织与环境的关系—不同学派述评与比较[J].国外社会科学,2006,315-21：赵锡斌,深化企业环境理论研究的几个问题[J].管理学报,2006,4.379-386。
①赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适—理论与方法[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007
②徐兵,中国上市公司绩效评价研究[D]中南大学(博士学位论文),2007。
③张洪恩、宁宣熙,上市公司综合评价中的因子简并法[J].经济问题,2008(3),pp69-70
④马红岩,中国制造业上市公司多元化程度与经营业绩的实证研究[D]西北大学,2009。
⑤姜付秀,刘志彪,陆正飞,多元化经营企业价值与收益波动研究以中国上市公司为例的实证研究[J].财经问题研究,2006,11,27-35。
⑥黄旭、史锐,制造业上市公司并购——绩效分析与政策建议[J].财经科学,2007(11),pp.41-47。
⑦薛有志,周杰,产品多元化、国际化与公司绩效来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据[J].南开管理评论,2007(10),3,77-86。
⑧夏清华,我国企业的国际化战略与绩效[J].中国软科学,2003(7),64-69。
⑨杨忠,张骁,企业国际化程度与绩效关系研究[J]经济研究,2009(2),32-41 ①马海燕,谭力文,国际化能提升企业绩效吗?基于中国纺织服装上市公司的实证fJ]企业管理,2010(10),149-154。
②胡莎,企业国际化对经营绩效的影响我国制造业上市公司的实证研究[D].中南大学,(硕士学位论文)2006。
③任海云、师萍,公司R&D投入与绩效关系的实证研究——基于沪市A股制造业上市公司的数据分析[J].科技进步与对策,2009(24),pp.89-93。
④李涛、王晓蓓、王超,企业科研投入与经营绩效的实证研究_信息业与制造业上市公司的比较[J]科学学与科学技术管理,2008(7),pp.170-174。
⑤许慧珍,信息技术投资 战略取向与企业绩效的关系研究[D].汕头大学,2005。
⑥杨洁,竞争强度、资本结构与企业业绩的关系研究——基于制造业上市公司数据的实证分析[D].江苏大学,2009。
⑦白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J]经济研究,2005,2,pp.81-91。
⑧苏武康,中国上市公司股权结构与公司绩效 博士论文丛书[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003。
①A.D.F.Penalva,2006. Governance structure and the weighting of performance measures in CEO compensation, Review of Accountign Studies, 11:463-493.
⑩李陶,我国制造业上市公司企业绩效的影响因素研究[D]上海：复旦大学,2009。
①D.S.Pugh(1971),彭和平等译,组织理论精萃[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1990。
①Barnard, Chester I. (1938):The Functions of the Executive[M] Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Passim.
② Presthus, R.V (1959), The social bases of bureaucratic organizationfJ]. Social Forces, Vol.38 No.2, pp.103-9
③Presthus, R.V. (1961), Weberian vs welfare bureaucracy in traditional society[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.6 No.1, pp.1-24.
④ Stinchcombe, in James.March, ed., Handbook of Organizations[J].Chicago:Rand Mcnally,1965, p.142.
⑤Norbert Wiener, Cybemetics:Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine[M].1961.The MIT Press.
⑥Pfeffer. J. and Salancik, G. R..The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M] New York:Harper&Row. 1978)
⑦ Mintzberg, H.,1983,Power in and around Organizations [M].NJ:Prentice-Hall.
⑧Richard L. Daft, Essentials of Organization Theory and Design (Edition)[M].,South-Western College Publishing,1998,中文版
⑨ D.S.Pugh, D.J.Hickson,C.R.Hinings,C.Turner,Dimensions of Organnization Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 13,1968,p.65-91.
①Barnard, Chester I. (1938):The Functions of the Executive[M] Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Passim.
② Scott, Richard W.(1987):Organizations; rational, natural and open Systems[M].Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp 3-116.
③ Clark, P. B./Wilson, J. Q. (1961):Incentive Systems. A Theory of Organizations[J].Administrative Science, Quarterly 6, pp.129-166.
④ Davis, Keith/Newstrom, John W. (1985):Human Behavior at Work:Organizational Behavior[M].McGraw-Hill, New York, S., pp 67-154
⑤ Powell,Gary N. (1998):The Simultaneous Pursuit of Person-Organization Fit and Diversity[J].Organizational Dynamics,26,1.1.
⑥ Blau, P. M./Schoenherr, R. (1971):The Structure of Organizations[M].Basic Books, New York, passim.
⑦ Child.J, (1973):Predicting and Understanding Organizational Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,18, pp.168-185.
⑧ Meyer, M. W.(1972):Size and the Structure of Organizations:A Causal Analysis[J].American Sociological Review 37, pp434-441.
⑨ Robbins, St. P. (1983):Organization Theory, Structure, Design and Applications[M].Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp.54-84, 103-123.
⑩ Marshall,Colin(1990):Flat,not Flatulent[J].Management Today. April,pp.5.
11 Bluedorn, Allen C. (1993):Pilgrim's Progress:trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments[J].Journal of management,19, pp.163-168.
12 Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian (1977):Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony[J].American Journal of Sociology,83, pp.340-363.
13 Ouchi, W.G.(1977):The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Control. (Administrative Science Quarterly 22, pp.95-113.
14 Ouchi, W.G./Maguire, M. A. (1975):Organizational Control:Two Functions[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 20, pp.559-569.
15 Kieser, A./Kubicek, H.(1983):Organisation[M]. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York (2. Auf), pp.103-132.
16 Whisler, Th. L./Meyer, H./Baum, B. H./Sorensen, P. F. (1967):Centralization of Organizational Control:An Empirical Study of its Measurement[J]. Journal of Business,40, pp.10-26.
" Boulding, Kenneth E. (1953):The Organizational Revolution[M], Harper & Row New York.
①Thompson, James D. (1967):Organizations in Action[M], McGraw-Hill, New York.
③ Burns,T./Stalker, G.M. (1961):The Management of Innovation[M]. Tavistock Publications, London. ②Geser, Hans (1992):Toward an Interaction Theory of Organizational Actors[J].Organization Studies 13, pp.429-451.
④ Lawrence, P. R./Lorsch J. W. (1967):Organization and Environment. Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston.
⑤ Hickson D. J. (1966):A Convergence in Organization Theory[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 11, pp.224-237
⑥Shortell, Stephen M.(1977):The Role of Environment in a Configurational Theory of Organizations[J].Human Relations,30, pp.275-302.
⑦Pfeffer, Jeffrey (1978):The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. (In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed.) Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco, pp.29-50.
⑧ Brittain, J. W./Freeman, J. H. (1980):Organizational Proliferation and Density dependent Selection[A]. (In:Kimberley, JR./Miles, R.H (eds):the Organizational life Cycle[C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.291-338).
⑨Baum, Joel. A. C./Singh J. V. (1994):Evolutionary Dynamics of Organization[M]. Oxford University Press.
⑩Kamoche, Ken/Pina e Cunha Miguel (2001):Minimal Structures:from Jazz Improvisation to Product Innovation[J]. Organization Studies 22/5, pp.733-764.
11Carroll,G.R.,1984,Organizational ecology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,10:71-93.
12Minzberg H.等著,战略历程:纵览战略管理学派[M].机械工业出版社,2002
13 Richard L. Daft, Essentials of Organization Theory and Design (Edition)[M].,South-Western College Publishing,1998
14加雷恩·琼斯,珍妮弗·乔治,查尔斯·希尔,当代管理学,李建伟等译[M].人民邮电出版社,2003;28-40。
15赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适-理论与方法[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007。
① Howard E.Aldrich, Organizations and Environments[M]. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ1979,2007.
②Penrose, E.T.,The theory of the growth of the firm[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1959,pp88-152.
③ Miles,R.E.,and Snow,C.C.,1978,Organizational Strategy.Structure and Process[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.
④ R. Miles, Macro Organization Behavior[M],Santa Monica, Calif.:Goodyear,1980; R Daft, Organization Theory and Design rMJ.Cinrinnati, Ohio:South-Western College Publishing,1998.
①Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2, March-April,1979,pp.137-145.
②H.IgorAnsoff,Strategic Management[M].1979,Lonsdon:Macmillan.
①Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
② James D.Thompson, Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory [M].New York:McGraw-HILL Companies,1967.
③ K.Weick, The Social Psychology Of Organizing[M].,2d ed. Reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley,1979.
④Aguilar, F. J. (1967). Scanning the business environment. New York, NY:McMillan.
⑤ Keegan,W.J.(1968)The Acquisition of Global Information[J].Information Management Review,8(1),54-56.
⑥V.K.Garg,B.A.A.Walters & R.L.Priem,2003,Chief Executive Scanning emphases.enviromental dynamism and Manufacturing firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,24:725-744.
⑦Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
⑧ Emery, F.E.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J].Human Relations,18 (1965),21-32.
①J.Milliken, Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty about the Rnvironment:State,Effect, and Response Uncertainty[J].Academy of Management Review 12,1987,133-143.
②Dess,G.G.,& Beard,D.W.1984,Dimensions of Organizational task enviroments[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,29:52-73.
③ Duncan, R. B.1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3),1972,313-327.
④Meyer A.D.,1982,Adapting to Environment Joints[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,27:515-537.
⑤Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J], Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
①Duncan, R. B.1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3),1972,313-327.
[①]H.Igor Ansoff, Strategic Management[M].Lonsdon: Macmillan,1979.
① Jones,G.R.,George,J.M.and Hill,C.W.L.,李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003。
② Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper & Row,1978.
③Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
④Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January,
12,1967, pp.1-47.Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University,1967.
⑤ Hannan M T, Freeman JH.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
⑥Selznick, P.,1949, TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M]. Berkeley:University of California Press.
⑦Parsons,Talcott,1960,Struclure and Process in Modern Societies, New York:The Free Press.
⑧Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
⑨Marshall A.,Principle of Economics[M].London:Macmillan,1925.
⑩ Chanberlin, Edward H.,The Theory of Monopolistic Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1933.
11Selznick, P.,1949, TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M]. Berkeley:University of California Press
12 Emerson, R. M.,1962, Power-dependence relations [J].American Sociological Review,27:31-41.
13 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper& Row,1978.
①W.Richard Scott,1998. Organizations:Rational, Natural and Open Systems. Prentice-Hall Inc.
②David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies.Inc.2005.
③Thompson, J.D.& McEwen, W.J., Organizational Goals and Environment:Goal Setting as an Interaction Process[J].American Sociological Review,23 (1958),23-31.
④James D.Thompson,Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory[M].New York:McGraw-HILL Companies,1967.
⑤Blau, P. M.,1964, Exchange and Power in Social Life[M]. New York:John Wiley and Sons.
①Dill, W. R.,1958, Environment as an influence on managerial autonomy[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,3:409-443.
②Marshall W.Meyer (1978).Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series.
③Casciaro,Tiziana;Piskorski,Mikotai Jan(Harvard University), Power Imbalance, Mutual Dependence, and Constraint Absorption:A Closer Look at Resource Dependence Theory[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly; Jun,2005, Vol.50 Issue 2, p167-199.
④Jeffrey Pfeffer (1978):The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed.) Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series, pp.29-50.
⑤Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer., Environments of Organizations[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1976,2, pp.79-105.
① Kanter, R. M. Power failure in management circuits[J].Harvard Business Review,1979,57(4),65-75.
②Pfeffer, J. Power in Organizations[M]. Marshfield, Mass.:Pitman,1981.
③Pfeffer, J. (1972). Merger as a Response to Organizational Interdependence [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17, pp.382-394.
④David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population[J].Academy of Management Rcview,1984(9),p471-81.
⑤Pfeffer, J., and A. Leong 1977 "Resource allocation in United Funds:Examination of power and dependence," Social Forces,55:775-790.
①James P. Guthrie, Curtis M. Grimm, Ken G. Smith, Environmental change and management staffing:an empirical study[J]. Journal of Management(12),1991,pp735-48.
② David J.Collis & Cynthia A.Montgomery, Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s[J]. Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995,118-128.
③ W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,No.30.2004.
④Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961
①Galbraith, J., Designing Complex Organizations[M]. Addison-Wesley, Reading,1973
② Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January, 12,1967, pp.1-47.Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M] Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University,1967.
③Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January, 12,1967, pp.1-47.
④Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January, 12,1967, pp.1-47.Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University,1967.
①Nelson,R.R.& Winter, S.(Richard Robinson Nelson,Sidney G.Winter)[1982],An Evolutinary Theory of Economic Change,The Belknap Press of Harvard University,Cambridge,Massachusetts and London,England.
②James C.Collins,Jerrrv I. Porras,企业不败(Built to Last)[M].中译本,新华出版社,1996,p192.
① Hawley, A. H. (1986). Human ecology:A Theory of Community Structure., Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
②Donald T. Campbell,Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes[J].Psychology Review 67, 1960,380-400.
③ MacArthur, Robert H.1972, Geographical Ecology:Patterns in the Distribution of Species[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
④Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer., Environments of Organizations[A]. In A.Inkeles (Ed.), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.: Annual Review, Inc.,1976,79-105.
⑤Hannan M T, Freeman J H.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
⑥ K.Weick, The Social Psychology Of Organizing[M].,2d ed. (Reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley,1979.
⑦Thomas J. Peters,Robert H. Waterman, Jr,管维立译,寻求优势--美国最成功公司的经验[M].中国财政经济出版社,1985
⑧James C.Collins,Jerrv I.Porras,企业不败(Built to Last)[M]中译本,新华出版社,1996,P192.
①Hannan, M.T. and J. Freeman (1989) Organizational Ecology.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
②Jitendra Singh, Organizational Evolution:New Directions [M].Sage Publications, Inc,1990.
③James Moore,The Death of Competition:Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems [M].New York,Harper Collins,1996.
④Richard L.Daft,李维安等译,组织理论与设计精要[M].机械工业出版社,1999.
①Packalen,K.Complementing Capital:The Role of Status,Demographic Features,and Social Capital in Founding Teams Abilities to Obtain Resources[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2007,31,6,873-91.
②梁磊,中外组织生态学研究的比较分析[J].管理评论,2004(3),51-57.
③彭璧玉,李熙,生态学视角的产业组织成长理论研究[J].经济评论,2009(1).147-153
④ John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan. Niche Width and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations[J].The American Journal of Sociology, Vol.88, No.6. (May,1983), pp.1116-1145.
① Howard Aldrich,Bill Mckelvey and David Ulrich,Design Strategy from the Population Perspective[J]. Journal of Management,10,1984:67-86. David Ulrich, The Population Perspective:Review, Critique,and Relevance[J].Human Relations 40,1987:137-52.
②John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan.(1984):Structural Inertia and Organizational Change [J].American Sociological Review, Vol.49, No.2, pp.149-164.
③Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.Using Institutional Theory in Studying Organizational Populations[J]. American Sociological Review.1989,54:545-548.
④Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan,1995, Organizations in Industry:Strategy, Structure and Selection[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
①Hannan,Michael T.Ecologies of Organizations Diversity and Identity[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives.Vol 19,Number 1, Winter,2005, 51-70.
① Paul J.DiMaggio& Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160..
①Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J], Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
② Miles, R.E.,& Snow, C.C.,1978, Organizational Strategy, Structure and Pocess[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.
①Andrews, K.R. The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Ricgard D Lrwin,inc;Homewood, Irllinois.1980,pp17-46
①Thomas J. Peters,Robert H. Waterman, Jr,管维立译,寻求优势--美国最成功公司的经验[M].中国财政经济出版社,1985
②Michael E.Porter, "Form Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy", [J]Harvard Business Review,May-June 1987,pp.43-59
④C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel,"The Core Competence of the Corporation", [J]Harvard Business Review,May-June,1990,pp.79-91
④许德音、周长辉“中国战略管理学研究现状评估”《管理世界》2004,5,76-87页
⑤David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, "Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s"[J]Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995,pp118-128
⑥Wernerfelt B.A resource-based view of the firm[J], Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2)pp171-180. Barney, J. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck and business strategy.Management Science,1986.32 (10)pp1231-1241:Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management,1991.17(1)pp99-120.
①E.P.Leamed.C.Roland Christensen,and Kenneth Andrews, Business Policy:Text and Cases,[M] New york:BurrRidge,IL:Inwin,l965.
②H.Igor Ansoff,Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approoch to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1965.
③Hicks H.G.The Management of Organization[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1965
④Emery, RE.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J]. Human Relations,18,1965,21-32.
⑤Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C.,1978, Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.
⑥Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].New York:Harper& Row,1978.
⑦J.R.Hough & M.A.White,2003 Environmental Dynamism and Strategic Decision-making rationality:An examination at the decision level,Strategic Management Journal,24:481-489.
①David B.Jemison,The Importance of Boundary Spanning Roles in Strategic Decision Making[J].Journal of Management Studies, 21,1984,131-152.
②Jay W. Lorsch,Introduction to the Structural Design of Organizations[A].in Gene W.Dalton,Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch.eds Organizational Structure and Design[C].Homewood. Ⅲ.:Irwin and Dorsey,1970,pp5.
③ Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W.Organization and Environment[M]. Homewood Ⅲ.:Irwin,1969.
④Jay W.Lorsch & Paul R.Lawrence, Organization Planning.Cases and Conepts[M].Homewood, Ⅲ:Irwin and Dorsey,1972.
①M.A.Hitt,R.D.Ireland,& H.Lee,2000,Technological Laeming,Knowledge Management,Firm Growth and Performance:An Introductory essay Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,17:231-246.
②R.D.Ireland & J.W.Webb,2007,Strategic Entrepreneurship:Creating Competitive Advantage Through Streams of Innovation[J].Business Honzons,50:49-59.
③ C.M.Grimm,H.Lee & K.G.Smith,2006, Strategy as Action:Competitive Dynamics and Competitive Advantage[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
① Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,1983,The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160.
② John P.Kotter,Managing External Dependence[J]. Academy of Management Review,4,1979,87-92.
③Judith A.Babcock, Organizational Responses to Resource Scarcity and Munificence:Adaptation and Modification in Colleges within a University(Ph.D.diss,Pennsylvania State University,1981);David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population [J]. Academy of Management Review,1984(9),p471-81;Richard L. Daft,李维安等译,组织理论与设计精要[M].机械工业出版社1999,p47
④Miles, Robert H.,1987,Managing the Corporate Social Environment[M]. Prentice IIall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
⑤Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer, Environments of Organizations[J]. Annual Review of Sociology,1976,2, pp.79-105.
① William P. Wan and Daphne W Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30, No.7,Jul.,2009, pp.791-801.
②Bhagat,S.,Bernard S.Black.The Non-Correlation between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Preformance[J]. Journal of Corporation Law Vol.27,2002,pp231-273.
①A.Seth & H Thomas,1994,Theories of the Firm:Implications for Strategy Reasearch[J]. Journal of Management Studies,31,165-191.
②F.J.Acedo.C.Barroso & J.L.Galan,2006,The Resource-Based Theory:Dissemination and Main Trends[J].Strategic Management Journal,27: 621-636.
③ A.M.McGahan,1999,Competition,Strategy and Business Performance[J].California Management Review,41(3):74-101; A.M.McGahan & M.E, Porter,1997,How much does Industry matter.Really? [J].Strategic Management Journal.18,pp15-30.
④R. Miles, Macro Organization Behavior [M].Santa Monica, Calif.:Goodyear,1980; R. Daft, Organization Theory and Design [M].Cincinnati, Ohio:South-Western College Publishing,1998.
①B.L.Kirkman,K.B.Lowe,& C.B.Gibson,2006,A quarter of a century of culture's consequences:A review old empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework[J].Journal of International Business c,37:285-320.
② C.W.L.Hill & F.T.Rothaermel,2003,The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation[J]. Academy of Management Review,28,257-274.
① Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93.
② Wernerfelt,B.1984,A Resource-Based View of the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,12:171-180;DavidJ.Collis & Cynthia A.Montgomery, Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s[J].Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995,118-128.
①Scott L. Newbert,2007,Empirical Research on the Resource-Based View of the Firm:An Assessment and Suggestions for Future Research[J].Strategic Management Joumal,Vol.28, No.2, pp.121-146.
②Grant R.M.,1991,Contemporary Strategy Analysis[M].Cambridge,U.K.:Blackwell Business,100-102.
③Grant R. M.,The Resource-based theory of competitive advantage:implications for strategy formulation[J]. California Management Review, 1991,33(3).
①David J. Collis and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,王永贵,杨永恒等译,公司战略:基于资源观[M].机械工业出版社,2006.pp.70.
②C.K. Prahalad and G.Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation[J].Harvard Business Review,May-June,1990,3,79-93.
③D.T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A. Shuen,Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal,Vol. 18,No7,August 1997,pp509-533(1997,18(7):509-533)
④Barney,J.,Strategic factor markets:Expectations,luck and business strategy[J].Management Science,1986.32(10)pp1231-1241;Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991.17(1)pp99-120.
⑤Barney J B.,Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J].Journal of Management,1991,Vol.17,No.1,p99-120.
⑥David J.Collis,and,Cynthia A.Montgomery,Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advanta[J].Harvard Business School Note No.792-804, 1992
⑦James C.Collins,Jerrv I. Porras,刘国远等译,企业败(Builf to Last)[M]新华出版社,1996。
⑧F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification: Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J].Review of Economics and Statisics.1991 pp318
①Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M]. Cambridge,Harvard University Press,1974.
② R.A.Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp379-94; Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal. October-December,1981,pp327-43; D. J. Lecraw,Diversification Strategy Performance[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics.December 1984,pp 179-98; P.Rajan Varadarajan and V.Ramanujam, Diversification and Performance:A Reexamination Using a New Two-Dimensional Conceptualization of Diversity in Firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,June 1987,pp380-393.
③Rumelt, R.P. (1991). How Much Does Industry Matter?[J].Strategic Management Journal,12:167-85.
①Jacobson, R. (1988). The Persistence of Abnormal Returns[J]. Strategic Management Journal,9:41-58.
②Hansen, G. S., and B. Wernerfelt (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance; The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors[J].Strategic Management Journal,10:399-411.
③D.T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A.Shuen.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Joumal,Vol.18,No7,August 1997, pp509-533.
④R.A.D'Aveni,1995,Coping with hypercompetition:Utilizing the new 7S's framework[J].Academy of Management Executive,9(3):46.
⑤C. A. Montgomery and B. Wernerfelt, "Diversification, Ricardian Rents, and Tobin's q," RAND Journal of Economics,1998, pp.623-632.
⑥Larry H. P. Lang and Rene M.Stulz, "Tobin's q.Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.102,No.6(December 1994),pp1248-1280.
①Jean-Paul Larcon,赵纯均,中国跨国企业研究[M].机械工业出版社,2009。
②A.S.Cui, D.A.Griffith, S.T.Cavusgil,&M.Dabic,2006, The influence of market and cultural environmental factors on technology transfer between foreign MNCs and local subsidiaries:A Croatian illustration, Journal of World Business,41:100-111.
③F T.Rothaermel.M.A.Hitt & L.Jobe,2006,Balancing Vertical Integration and Strategic Outsourcing:Effects on Product Portfolio, Product success,and firm Performance[J].Journal of Management,27,1033-1056.
①J.A.Schmidt,2002, Business perspective on mergers and acquisitions[A], in J.A.Schmidt(ed), Making Mergers Work[C]. Alexandria, VA:Society for Human Resource Management,23-46.
②William P. Wan and Daphne W. Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30, No.7,Jul.,2009, pp.791-801.
③ K.E.Meyer,Globalfocusing:From domestic conglomerates to global specialists[J].Journal of Management Studies,2006,43:pp.1109-1144.
① R.E.Hoskisson & M.A.Hitt,Antecedents and Performance outcomes of Diversification:A Review and Critique of theoretical Perspectives[J].Journal of Management,1990,16:pp.461-509.
②C.M.Daily,P.P.McDougall,Govemance and strategic leadership in entrepreneurial firms[J]. Journal of Management,2002,3:pp.387-412.
③ K.H.Heimeriks & GDuysters,2007, Alliance Capability as a Mediator between Experience and Alliance Performance:An Empirical Investigation into the Alliance Capability Development Process[J]. Journal of Management Studies.Vol.44, pp25-29.
④Y.Luo,Are joint venture partners more opportunistic in a more volatile environment?[J],Strategic Management Joumal,2007,28:pp.39-60.
Y.Wang & S.Nicgolas,The formation and evolution of nonequity strategic alliances in China[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2007,24:pp.131-150.
①G.Lannotta,G.Nocera & A.Stroni,Ownership structure,risk and Performance in the European banking industry[Jl. Journal of Banking and Finance,2007,31:pp.2127-2149.
②M.W.peng,2004,Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions[J]. Strategic Management Journal,25:453-471.
③R.C.Anderson & D.M.Reeb,2004,Board composition:Balacing family influence in S&P 500 firms[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,49:209-237.
①A.Chakrabory & R.Amott,Takeover defenses and dilution:A welfare analysis[J]. Journal of Financial and QuantltativeAnalysis,2001, 36:pp311-334.
①R.E. Hoskisson,M.A.Hitt, William.P.Wan & Daphne W. Yiu.1999,Swings of a Pendulum:Theory and Research in Strategic Management[J] Journal ofManagement,25,417-456.
①中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴,中国统计出版社,2010,14-3。
②中国证券监督管理委员会,中国证券期货统计年鉴,学林出版社,2010,5-2,2-7
①中国社会科学院经济学部,中国经济研究报告(2009-2010)[M].经济管理出版社,2010,(75)。
①中国产业地图编委会、中国经济景气监测中心、中国财经网络门记编制,中国上市公司产业地图(2007-2008)[M].社会科学文献出版社,2008
①中国社会科学院经济学部,中国经济研究报告(2009-2010)[M].经济管理出版社,2010,(73)。
①中国证券监督管理委员会,中国证券期货统计年鉴,学林出版社,2010,2-2
②中国证券监督管理委员会,中国证券期货统计年鉴,学林出版社,2010,1-3
①数据来源：中国产业地图编委会、中国经济景气监测中心、中国财经网络门记编制,中国上市公司产业地图(2007-2008)M.社会科学文献出版社,2008。
②笔者根据图4.8、图4.9的数据计算而得。
①中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴,中国统计出版社,2010,14-3。
①郭鹏飞、孙培源,资本结构的行业特征：基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J]经济研究,2003,5,pp.67-73
①Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Cornpetition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
②Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2,March-April,1979,pp.137-145.
③ C.Williams & W.Mitchell,2004,Focusing firm evolution:The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science,Vol.50,No.11:1561-1575.
④Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
①Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Competition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
②Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery, Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal.October-December,1981,pp327-43.
David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M]. 1992,Harvard Business School Note No.pp.792-804.
①Meyer AD,Brooks GR,Goes J.B 1990.Environmental jolts and industry revolutions orgarnizational responses to discontinuous chang.[J]. Strategic Managemenl Journal,Summer spectal Issue 11:93-110
②Raphael Amit and Joshua Livnat,Diversification Strategies,Business Cycles and bconomic Pertoemance[J].Strategic Managem Journal, 1988.Vol.9,No.2:Mar.Apr,pp.99-110.
③R.M.Stulz,Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies[J]. Journal of Financial Ecommmics,1990,26:pp.3-27.
④A Chakrabarti,《Singh,I Mahmood,Diversification and Performance Evidence fo from East Asian Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,Vol 28,pp.101-120
⑤Larry H.P.Lang and Rene M. Stulz,Tobin's q,Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance[J].Journal of Political Ecomomy,1994, December,Vol.102,No6.:pp.1248.80.
⑥王峰娟,邹存良,多元化程度与内部资本市场效率,管理世界,2009,4,153-161。
⑦李陶,我国制造业上市公司企业绩效的影响因素研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2009。
①Kurt Christensen and C.A Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J].Strategic Management Journal October-December,1981,pp327-43.
②A M Rugman & A.Verbeke,2007,Liabilities of foreignness and the use of firm -level versus country-level-level data A response to Dunning et al.[J]Journal of International Business Studies,2007,38:pp 200-205.
④马海燕,谭力文,国际化能提升企业绩效吗?基于中国纺织服装上市公司的实证[J].企业管理2010,10：pp.149-154④L.Zhou,W. P.Wu,& X.Luo,Intemationalization and the Performance of born-global SMEs:The Mediating role of social networks[J] Journal of International Business Studies,2007,38:pp.673-690.
⑤Michael E.Porter,From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,May 1987,pp43-59
⑥David J.Ravenscraff & F.M Scherer,Mergers,Sell-Offs,and Economic Efficiency[M].1987,Washington,DC:Brookings Institution.
⑦PauI M.Healy,aly,Krishna G.Palepee,and Richard S.Ruback,Does Coporate Performance Improve After Mergers?[J].Johm al ofFinancial
Economics,1992,31:pp.135-175.
①R Charan,1998,How Corporate Boards Create Competitive Advantage[M]. San Francisco, Jossey-Bsss; M.Carney,2005, Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29:249-265;I.Le Breton-Miller &D.Miller,2006,Why do some family business out-compete? Governance, long-term orientations, and sustainable capability[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,30:731-746.
② GJ.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2004, Breakthrough board performance:How to harness your board's intellectual capital[J] Corporate Governance, 4(1):5-23;G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2007, Can directors impact performance?A case-based test of three theories of corporate governance[J]. Corporate Governance,2007,15(4):585-608. Thomas, Kidd,& Femandez-Araoz,Are you underutilizing your board?[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,48(2)71-76.
③Bhagat,S..Bernard S.Black.The Non-Correlation between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Preformance[J]. Journal of Corporation Law,2002,Vol.27, pp231-273.
④ A.de Miguel,J.Pindado,& C.de la Torre,Ownership Structure and Firm Value:New Evidence form Spain[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2004,25,pp.1199-1207.
⑤R.C.Anderson& D.M Reeb,Board Compossition:Balancing Family Influence in S&P 500 Firms[J]Administrative Science Quarterly, 2004,49,pp.209-237.
⑤L.K.Meulbroek,The Efficiency of Equity-linked Compensation:Understanding the Full Cost of Awarding Executive Stock Options[J]. Financial Management,2001,30(2):pp.5-44.
⑦A.Felo,Ethics Programs,Board Involvement,and Potential Conflicts of Interest in Corporate Governance[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2001,32,205-218.
①白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005,2,pp 81-91。
②Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2,March-April,1979,pp.137-145; Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].New York:Free Press,1980,Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93. John Ketter, James. L.Heskett,曾中,李晓涛译,企业文化与经营业绩[M].华夏出版社,1997,pp.85
① Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
②Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2005。
③Lukas B.A.,Tan J.J.HultT.M.,2001,Strategic fit in transitional econornics:the case of China's industry[J]. Journal of Management, 27:pp.409-429.
①Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland,Robert E.Hoskisson,弓巍等译,战略管理：竞争与全球化(概念)[M].机械工业出版社2009,p198。
②中华人民共和国统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,19-17
③中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,2-1。
④中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,10-2。
⑤中华人民共和国统计局网站http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/
①中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,9-14。②中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,20-40。
③中宏产业数据库,http://mcid.macrochina.com.cn
④C.Williams & W.Mitchell,2004,Focusing firm evolution.The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science,5:1561-1575.
①Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Competition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
②Jean Tirole.张维迎等译,经济科学译丛：产业组织理论[M].1996,中国人民大学出版社,pp.285-288
③中宏产业数据库,http://mcid.macrochina.com.cn:国泰安研究服务中心数据库,http://www.gtadata. com.
④Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, pp.78-93.
⑤Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J], Strategic Management Joumal.October-December,1981,pp327-43.
①中宏产业数据库,http://mcid.macrochina.com.cn.
②J.B.Barney,Firm Resources and Sustained Carompetitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,17,pp.101-110.
③R.Hall,The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resources[J].Strategic Management Joumal,1992,13,136-139.
④S.Dutta,O.Narasimhan,& S.Rajiv,Concepetualizing and Measuring Capabilities:Methodology and empirical application[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26,277-285.
①Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M].1974. Cambridge,Harvard University Press.
②Jensen,M.,1986, Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers[J].American Economic Review 76,pp323-3291.
③ F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification:Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics.1991.pp318.
④王峰娼,邹存良,多元化程度与内部资本市场效率[J].管理世界,2009,4,pp.161.
⑤ Berger P. G,Ofek E.,Diversification effeet on firm value[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1995,37:pp.39-65.
⑥ Larry H. P. Lang and Rene M.Stulz,Tobin's q,Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1994, December,Vol.102,No.6:pp.1248-80.
⑦ David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery,Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M].1992,Harvard Business School Note No.pp.792-804.
①Karim S, Mitchell W.,Path-dependent and pathbreaking change:reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector,1978-1995[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,October/November Special Issue 21:1061-1081.
②H.A.Krishnan & D.Park,The Impact of Workforce Reduction on Subsequent Performance in Major Mergers and Acquisitions:An Exploratory Study[J].Joumal of Business Research,2002,55,4.pp.285-292.
①Datta D.K., Narayan VK, Pinches GE., Factors influencing wealth creation from mergers and acquisitions:a meta-analysis[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13,1:pp.67-84.
②R.C.Anderson & D.M.Reeb,2004,Board composition:Balacing family influence in S&P 500 firms[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2004,49:pp.209-237.
①Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal.October-December,19813pp327-43.
① M.A.Hitt & R.D.Ireland,The essence of strategic leadership:Managing human and social capital[J].Joumal of Leadership and Organization Studies,2002,9,1:pp.3-14.
①R.A.Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp379-94.
②S.W.Geiger& L.H.Cashen,2007,Organizational size and CEO compensation:The moderating effect of diversification in downscoping organizations[J]. Journal of Managerial Issues,2007,9,2:233-252.
③ L.Nachum,The impact of home countries on the competitiveness of advertising TNCs[J].Management International Review,2001,41,1: pp.77-98.
①白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005,2,pp.81-91。
①Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland & Robert E.Hoskisson著,吕巍译,战略管理_竞争与全球化(概念)(第8版)[M].北京：机械工业出版,2009
[1]A.D.F.Penalva, Governance structure and the weighting of performance measures in CEO compensation[J].Review of Accountign Studies,2006,11:pp.463-493.
[2]Aguilar, F. J. Scanning the business environment[M].1967,New York, NY:McMillan.
[3]Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer.,Environments of Organizations[A]. In A. Inkeles (Ed.), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.:Annual Review, Inc.,1976, pp.79-105.
[4]Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M].1979,Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC.
[5]Aldrich,H.E., Organizations Evolving[M].1999,London:SAGE Publications.
[6]Alferd D.Chandler,Strategy and Structure [M].1962,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
[7]A.M.McGahan, Competition,Strategy and Business Performance[J].California Management Review,1999,41 (3):pp.74-101.
[8]A.M.McGahan & M.E., Porter, How much does Industry matter,Really? [J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,pp.15-30.
[9]Andrews, K.R. Ricgard D.Lrwin,inc,The Concept of Corporate Strategy[M].1980, Homewood, Irllinois.
[10]Anand M. Vijh & Tim Loughran, Do Long-Term Shareholders Benefit From Corporate Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1997,52,2:pp.12-34.
[11]Anup Agrawal, Jeffrey F.Jaffe, Gershon N. Mandelker,The Post-Merger Performance of Acquiring Firms:A Re-examination of an Anomaly[J]. Journal of Finance,1992,4:pp.1605-21.
[12]A.S.Cui, D.A.Griffith, S.T.Cavusgil,&M.Dabic, The influence of market and cultural environmental factors on technology transfer between foreign MNCs and local subsidiaries:A Croatian illustration[J]. Journal of World Business,2006,41:pp.100-111.
[13]A.Seth & H.Thomas, Theories of the Firm:Implications for Strategy Reasearch[J].Journal of Management Studies,1994,3:pp.1165-191.
[14]Ariel Markelevich,Examining the Performance of Corporate Acquisitions Based on the Motive for the Acquisition[J].National Bureau of Economic Research,2004,5:pp.1-48.
[15]Bain,Joe S.,Barriers to New Competition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
[16]Barney J B.,Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,Vol.17, No.1:pp.99-120.Barney, J.B,Strategic factor markets:Expectations, luck and business strategy[J].Management Science,1986.32,10:pp.1231-1241.
[17]Barr,P.S,Adapting to unfamiliar environmental events:a look at the evolution of interpretation and its role in strategic change[J].Organization Science,1998,9:pp.644-669.
[18]Baum, Joel. A. C./Singh J. V.,Evolutionary Dynamics of Organization[M].1994,Oxford University Press.
[19]Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann, The social construction of reality:A treatise on the sociology of knowledge[M].1967,1991 edition ed.England:Penguin Books.
[20]Bhagat,S.,Bernard S.Black.The Non-Correlation between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Preform an ce[J] Journal of Corporation Law,2002,Vol.27, pp.231-273
[21]Blau, P. M., Exchange and Power in Social Life[M].1964,New York:John Wiley and Sons.
[22]Blau, P. M./Schoenherr, R.:The Structure of Organizations[M].1971,Basic Books, New York, passim.
[23]B.L.Kirkman,K.B.Lowe,& C.B.Gibson,A quarter of a century of culture's consequences:A review old empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework[J].Journal of International Business,2006,37,pp.285-320.
[24]Bluedorn, Allen C.,Pilgrim's Progress:trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments [J] Journal of management,1993,19,pp.163-168.
[25]Boulding, Kenneth E.,The Organizational Revolution[M].1953,Harper & Row New York.
[26]Brittain, J. W./Freeman, J. H. Organizational Proliferation and Density dependent Selection[A]. In:Kimberley, J.R./Miles, R.H. (eds.):the Organizational life Cycle[C].1980,Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.291-338.
[27]Burns,T./Stalker, G.M.,The Management of Innovation[M].1961,Tavistock Publications, London.
[28]Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.Using Institutional Theory in Studying Organizational Populations [J]. American Sociological Review.1989,54:pp.545-548..
[29]Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan., Organizations in Industry:Strategy,Structre and Selection[M].1995,New York:Oxford University Press.
[30]Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan,The Demography of Corporations and Industries [M].2000,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[31]Casciaro,Tiziana;Piskorski,Mikotaj Jan, Power Imbalance, Mutual Dependence, and Constraint Absorption:A Closer Look at Resource Dependence Theory[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,2005 Jun, Vol.50 Issue2, pp.167-199.
[32]C.A.Montgomery, B.Wernerfelt,Diversification,Ricardian Rents,and Tobin's Q[J].RAND Journal of Economics,1988, pp.623-632.
[33]Chamberlain, Edward H.,The Theory of Monopolistic Competition[M].1933, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[34]Chester I.Barnard,经理的职能,孙耀君译[M].1998,北京：中国社会科学出版社.
[35]Child, John, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology,1972, Vol 6,1,pp.1-22.
[36]Child, J.,predicting and Understanding Organizational Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1973,18,pp.168-185.
[37]Clark, P. B./Wilson, J. Q.Incentive Systems:A Theory of Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1961,6, pp.129-166.
[38]C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation[J].Harvard Business Review,1990,M ay-June,3,pp.79-93.
[39]C.W.L.Hill & F.T.Rothaermel, The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation[J]. Academy of Management Review.,2003,28,pp.257-274.
[40]C.Williams & W.Mitchell,Focusing firm evolution:The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science, 2004,Vol.50,No.11:1561-1575.
[41]Datta DK, Narayan VK, Pinches GE.,Factors influencing wealth creation from mergers and acquisitions:a meta-analysis[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,131:pp.67-84.
[42]David B.Jernison,The Importance of Boundary Spanning Roles in Strategic Decision Making[J] Journal of Management Studies,1984,21,pp.131-152.
[43]David J.Collis and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,王永贵,杨永恒等译,公司战略:基于资源 观[M].2006机械工业出版社.
[44]David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M].1992,Harvard Business School Note No.pp.792-804.
[45]David J.Collis & Cynthia A.Montgomery, Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s[J].Harvard Business Review,1995,July-August,pp.118-128.
[46]David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2005,2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc..
[47]David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population[J].Academy of Management Review,1984(9), pp.471-81.
[48]Davis, Keith/Newstrom, John W. (1985):Human Behavior at Work:Organizational Behavior[M].,1985,McGraw-Hill, New York, S., pp.67-154
[49]Desarbo W.S,Di BenedettoC.A,SongM,Sinha I.Revisiting tyhe Miles and Snow Strategic Framework:uncovering interrelatonships between strategeic types,Capabilities,environmental uncertainty,and firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26:pp.47-74.
[50]D.Finegold, E.E.Lawler Ⅲ,&J.Conger,Building a better board[J]. Journal of Business Strategy,2001,22,6:pp.33-37.
[51]Diericky L,Cool K.,Asset stock accumulation and the sustainability of competitive advantage[J]. Management Science,1989,35,pp.1504-1511.
[52]Dill, W. R., Environment as an influence on managerial autonomy[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1958,3,pp.409-443.
[53]Dixon J.R., Nanni, A.J. and Vollman, T.E.:The New Performance Challenge:Measuring Operations for World Class Competition[M].1990, Illinois:Business One Irwin.
[54]D.J.Lecraw,Diversification Strategy Performance[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics. 1984,December,pp.179-98.
[55]Donald R. Fraser, Hao Zhang. Mergers and Long-Term Corporate Performance:Evidence from Cross-Border Bank Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,2009,4:pp.1503-13.
[56]Donald T. Campbell,Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes[J].Psychology Review,1960,67,pp.380-400.
[57]D.S.Pugh, D.J.Hickson,C.R.Hinings,C.Turner,Dimensions of Organnization Structure[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1968,13,pp.65-91. D.S.Pugh,彭和平,杨小工译,组织理论精萃[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1990。
[58]D.T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A.Shuen,Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Managemen[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1997,Vol.18,No7,August,pp.509-533.
[59]Duncan, R. B., Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3),pp.313-327.
[60]Edward S.Mason,The Current State of the Monopoly Problemin the United States[J].Harvard Law Review,1949,(6),62:pp.1265-1285.
[61]Emerson, R. M., Power-dependence relations [J].American Sociological Review, 1962,27:pp.31-41.
[62]Emery, F.E.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J]. Human Relations,1965,18:pp.21-32.
[63]E.P.Learned,C.Roland Christensen,and Kenneth Andrews, Business Policy:Text and Cases,[M].1965,New york:Burr Ridge,IL:Irwin.
[64]E.T.Penrose,The theory of the growth of the firm[M].1959,New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[65]F.J.Acedo,C.Barroso & J.L.Galan,The Resource-Based Theory:Dissemination and Main Trends[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27,pp.621-636.
[66]F.J.Milliken, Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty about the Rnvironment:State,Effect, and Response Uncertainty[J].Academy of Management Review,1987,12:pp.133-143.
[67]F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification:Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1991,p.318.
[68]Forte M.,Hoffman J.J.,Lamont B.T.,Brockman E.N., Organizational form and environment:an analysis of between-form and within-form responses to environment change[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21:pp.753-773.
[69]F.T.Rothaermel,M.A.Hitt & L.Jobe, Balancing Vertical Integration and Strategic Outsourcing:Effects on Product Portfolio, Product success,and firm Performance[J].Journal of Management,2006,27:pp.1033-1056.
[70]Galbraith, J., Designing Complex Organizations[M].1973,Addison- Wesley, Reading.
[71]Geser, Hans, Toward an Interaction Theory of Organizational Actors[J].Organization Studies,1992,13:pp.429-451.
[72]G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,Breakthrough board performance:How to harness your board's intellectual capital[J].Corporate Governance,2004,41:pp.5-21.
[73]G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel, Can directors impact performance?A case-based test of three theories of corporate governance[J].Corporate Governance,2007,15,4:pp.585-608.
[74]Grant R M.,The Resource-based theory of competitive advantage:implications for strategy formulation[J]. California Management Review,1991,33,3:pp.114-135.
[75]Hannan M T, Freeman J H.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:pp.929-964.
[76]Hannan, M.T. and J. Freeman,Organizational Ecology[M].1989, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
[77]Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. Carroll, Dynamics of Organizational Populations:Density, Legitimation, and Competition[M].1992,New York:Oxford University Press.
[78]Hannan,Michael T.Ecologies of Organizations Diversity and Identity[J] Journal of Economic Perspectives,2005,Vol.19,Number 1, Winter, pp.51-70.
[79]Hansen, G. S., and B. Wernerfelt.,Determinants of Firm Performance:The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1989,10:pp.399-411.
[80]Haveman.H.A.Between a rock and Hard place:Organizational Change and Performance under Conditions of Fundamental Environmental transformation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37:pp.48-75.
[81]Hawley, A. H.,Human ecology:A Theory of Community Structure[M].,1986, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
[82]Hayes, R.and K. Clark, Exploring the Sources of Productivity Differences at the Factory Level[A].(in K. Clark et al. (eds.), The Uneasy Alliance:Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma[C],1985, Boston, Mass.:HBs Press.
[83]Hicks H.G.,The Management of Organization[M].,1965,Mc Graw-Hill.
[84]Hickson D. J.,A Convergence in Organization Theory[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1966,11:pp.224-37.
[85]H.Igor Ansoff,Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approoch to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion [M].1965,New York:McGraw-Hill.
[86]Howard Aldrich,Bill Mckelvey and David Ulrich,Design Strategy from the Population Perspective[J]. Journal of Management,1984,10:pp.67-86.
[87]Howard E. Aldrich, Organizations and Environments[M].,1979,2007,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[88]Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].,2005,北京：经济管理出版社.
[89]J.A.Schmidt, Business perspective on mergers and acquisitions[A]. in J.A.Schmidt(ed.), Making Mergers Work[C].2002,,Alexandria, VA:Society for Human Resource Management.
[90]Jacobson, R.,The Persistence of Abnormal Returns[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1988,9:pp.41-58.
[91]Jaeyong Song, Firm Capabilities and technology ladders:Sequential Foreign Direct Investments of Japanese Electronics Firms in East Asia[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23: 3,pp.199-210.
[92]James C.Collins, Jerrv I.Porras,刘国远等译,企业不败[M].1996,北京:新华出版社。
[93]James D.Thompson, Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory[M].,1967, New York:McGraw-HILL Companies.
[94]James Moore,The Death of Competition:Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems [M].,1996,New York,Harper Collins.
[95]James P. Guthrie, Curtis M. Grimm, Ken G. Smith, Environmental change and management staffing:an empirical study[J]. Journal of Management,1991,12:pp.753-48.
[96]Jay W. Lorsch,Introduction to the Structural Design of Organizations[A].in Gene W.Dalton,Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch,eds Organizational Structure and Design[C].1970,Homewood. Ⅲ.:Irwin and Dorsey,pp.5-10.
[97]Jay W.Lorsch & Paul R.Lawrence, Organization Planning:Cases and Conepts [M].1972,Homewood, Ⅲ:Irwin and Dorsey.
[98]Jean-Paul Larcon,赵纯均,中国跨国企业研究[M].2009,机械工业出版社。
[99]Jeffrey Pfeffer,Merger as a Response to Organizational Interdependence [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17, pp.382-394.
[100]Jeffrey Pfeffer, and A. Leong,Resource allocation in United Funds:Examination of power and dependence[J]. Social Forces,1977,55:pp.775-790.
[101]Jeffrey Pfeffer,The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed.) Environments and Organizations[C],1978,Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series,pp.29-50.
[102]Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].1978,New York:Harper & Row.
[103]Jeffrey Pfeffer, Power in Organizations[M].1981, Marshfield, Mass.:Pitman.
[104]Jeffrey Pfeffer,Population Ecology[A].in Organizations and Organization Theory[C]. 1982,Cambridge, Massachusetts:Ballinger Publishing Company, pp.180-192.
[105]Jitendra Singh, Organizational Evolution:New Directions [M].1990,Sage Publications, Inc.
[106]John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan.,Structural Inertia and Organizational Change [J].American Sociological Review,1984,Vol.49, No.2.pp.149-64.
[107]John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan. Niche Width and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations [J]. The American Journal of Sociology,1983, May,Vol.88, No.6.,pp.1116-45.
[108]John P.Kotter,Managing External Dependence [J].Academy of Management Review,1979,4,pp.87-92.
[109]John Ketter, James. L.Heskett,曾中,李晓涛译,企业文化与经营业绩[M].1997,华夏出版社,p.85
[110]Jones,G.R.,George,J.M.and Hill,C.W.L.,李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].2003,北京：人民邮电出版社.
[111]J.R.Hough & M.A.White, Environmental Dynamism and Strategic Decision-making rationality:An examination at the decision level[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24:pp.481-489.
[112]Judith A.Babcock, Organizational Responses to Resource Scarcity and Munificence:Adaptation and Modification in Colleges within a University[M].1981,Ph.D.diss, Pennsylvania State University.
[113]Kamoche, Ken/Pina e Cunha Miguel, Minimal Structures:from Jazz Improvisation to Product Innovation[J]. Organization Studies,2001,22/5, pp.733-764.
[114]Kanter, R. M. Power failure in management circuits[J].Harvard Business Review,1979, 57,4:pp.65-75.
[115]Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P.,The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance[J]. Harvard Business Review,1992, 1:pp70-79.
[116]Karim S, Mitchell W.,Path-dependent and pathbreaking change:reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector,1978-1995[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,October/November, Special Issue 21,pp.1061-1081.
[117]Karl E Weick.Enactment process in organizations [A].In Barry M Staw and Gerald R Salanick,eds.New directions in organizational behavior [C].,1977,Chicago,Illinois:St. Clair Press.
[118]Keegan, W.J.,The Acquisition of Global Information[J].Information Management Review,1968,8,1:pp.54-56.
[119]K.H.Heimeriks & GDuysters, Alliance Capability as a Mediator between Experience and Alliance Performance:An Empirical Investigation into the Alliance Capability Development Process[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2007,Vol.44,pp.25-29.
[120]Kieser, A./Kubicek, H.,Organisation[M].,1983,Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York (2. Auf.).
[121]Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J].Strategic Management Journal.October-December,1981,pp.327-43.
[122]K.Weick, The Social Psychology Of Organizing[M].,1979,2d ed. (Reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley.
[123]Larry H. P. Lang and Rene M.Stulz,Tobin's q,Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1994, December,Vol.102,No.6:pp.1248-80.
[124]Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1967,January,12,pp.1-47.
[125]Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M].,1967,Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
[126]Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W.,Organization and Environment[M].,1969,Homewood III.: Irwin.
[127]Lukas B.A.,Tan J.J.,Hult T.M., Strategic fit in transitional economics:the case of China's industry[J]. Journal of Management,2001,27,pp.409-29.
[128]MacArthur, Robert H. Geographical Ecology:Patterns in the Distribution of Species[M].,1972,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[129]Mahmud Hassan, Dilip K. Patro, Howard Tuckman, Xiaoli Wang,The Long Term Performance of Merger and Acquisition in Pharmaceutical Industry[J].International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,2007,1:pp.58-78.
[130]Malcolm Warner,韦福祥译,管理思想全书[M].2009,北京：人民邮电出版社。
[131]Marshall A.,Principle of Economics[M].1925,London:Macmillan.
[132]Marshall W.Meyer,Environments and Organizations[C].1978,Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series.
[133]Marshall, Colin.Flat, not Flatulent[J].Management Today,1990,. April, pp.5.
[134]Mather, H.,Competitive Manufacturing[R]. Prentice Hall Business and Professional Division,1989, Eagle Cliffs.
[135]Matraves, C. and P. Rodriguez. Profitability, Diversification, and Multinational in Leading German and UK Firms[J]. International Journal of Business and Economics,2005,4,2:pp.87-105.
[136]Meyer AD, Brooks GR, Goes JB. Environmental jolts and industry revolutions: organizational responses to discontinuous change[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1990,Summer special Issue 11:pp.93-110.
[137]Meyer, J. W./Rowan, B.,The Structure of Educational Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, M.W. (eds.):Environments and Organizations[C],1978,Jossey-Bass, San Francisco,pp.78-109.
[138]Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian,Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony [J]. American Journal of Sociology,1977,83, pp.340-363.
[139]Meyer, M. W.,Size and the Structure of Organizations:A Causal Analysis[J].American Sociological Review,1972,37, pp.434-441.
[140]Meyer, John W. and Scott, Richard W., With the assistance of Brian Rowan and Terrence E. Deal,Organizational Environments:Ritual and Rationality[M].,1983,Beverly Hills:CA, Sage.
[141]Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland,Robert E.Hoskisson,吕巍等译,战略管理：竞争与全球化(概念)[M].2009,机械工业出版社,p.198。
[142]Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy [J].Harvard Business Review, March-April,1979,57,no.2, pp.137-145.
[143]Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].1980,New York:Free Press.
[144]Michael E. Porter,From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, May 1987,pp.43-59.
[145]Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008,Vol.86 Issue 1, pp.78-93.
[146]Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C. Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process[M].1978,McGraw-Hill, New York, NY,.
[147]Miles, Robert H., Managing the Corporate Social Environment[M].1987,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
[148]Mintzberg, H., Power in and around Organizations [M].1983,NJ:Prentice-Hall.
[149]MinzbergH.等著,战略历程：纵览战略管理学派[M].2002,机械工业出版社.
[150]M.S.Schwartz, T.W.Dunfee,&M.J.Kline, Tone at the top:An ethics code for directors? [J].Journal of Business Ethics,2005,58:pp.79-100.
[151]M.W.peng, Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2004,25:pp.453-471.
[152]Richard Robinson Nelson, Sidney G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change[M].1982, The Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London,England.
[153]Ouchi, W.G.,The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Control[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1977,22, pp.95-113.
[154]Ouchi, W.G./Maguire, M. A.,Organizational Control:Two Functions[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1975,20, pp.559-569.
[155]Packalen,K.Complementing Capital:The Role of Status,Demographic Features,and Social Capital in Founding Teams Abilities to Obtain Resources[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2007,31,6,pp.873-91.
[156]Parsons,Talcott, Structure and Process in Modern Societies[M].1960,New York:The Free Press.
[157]Paul J.DiMaggio& Walter W.Powell, The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review,1983,Vol.48, No.2,pp.147-160.
[158]Penrose, E.T.,The theory of the growth of the firm[M].1959.New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc, pp.88-152.
[159]Peter Michael Blau& W. R. Scott.,Formal Organizations:A Comparative Approach[M]. 1962,San Francisco:Chandler, pp.194-221.
[160]Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R.,The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].1978,New York:Harper &Row.
[161]Powell, Gary N.,The Simultaneous Pursuit of Person-Organization Fit and Diversity[J].Organizational Dynamics,1998,26:pp.1-11.
[162]Presthus, R.V., The social bases of bureaucratic organization[J].Social Forces,1959,Vol.38 No.2.pp.103-109.
[163]Presthus, R.V., Weberian vs welfare bureaucracy in traditional society[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1961, Vol.6 No.1, pp.1-24.
[164]P.Rajan Varadarajan and V.Ramanujam, Diversification and Performance:A Reexamination Using a New Two-Dimensional Conceptualization of Diversity in Firms[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1987,6,pp.380-393.
[165]R.A.Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp.379-94.
[166]R.A.D'Aveni, Coping with hypercompetition:Utilizing the new 7S's framework[J].Academy of Management Executive,1995,9,3:pp.32-46.
[167]R.C.Anderson & D.M.Reeb, Board composition:Balacing family influence in S&P 500 firms[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,2004,49:pp.209-237.
[168]R.Charan, How Corporate Boards Create Competitive Advantage[M].1998,San Francisco, Jossey-Bsss.
[169]R.E. Hoskisson,M.A.Hitt, William.P.Wan & Daphne W. Yiu, Swings of a Pendulum:Theory and Research in Strategic Management[J]. Journal of Management,1999.25:pp.417-456.
[170]Richard L. Daft, Essentials of Organization Theory and Design[M].,1998,South-Western College Publishing.
[171]Richard L.Daft,李维安等译,组织理论与设计精要[M].1999,机械工业出版社.
[172]Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M].1974. Cambridge,Harvard University Press.
[173]Richard P. Rumelt, Towards a strategic theory of the firm[A]. In R. B. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive strategic management[C].1984,Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
[174]Richard P.Rumelt,How Much Does Industry Matter?[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1991,12:pp.167-85.
[175]R. Miles, Macro Organization Behavior [M].1980,Santa Monica, Calif.:Goodyear.
[176]Robbins, St. P.,Organization Theory, Structure, Design and Applications[M].1983,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp.54-84;pp.103-123.
[177]Robert Lensink, Iryna Maslennikova,Value Performance of European Bank Acquisitions[J].Applied Financial Economics,2008,18:pp.185-189.
[178]R.P.Wright, Top managers'strategic cognitions of the strategy making process:Differences between high and low performing firms[J]. Journal of General Management,2004,30, 1:pp.61-78.
[179]Scott, L. Newbert, Empirical Research on the Resource-Based View of the Firm:An Assessment and Suggestions for Future Research[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,Vol.28, No.2, pp.121-146.
[180]Selznick, P.,TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M].1949, Berkeley:University of California Press.
[181]Selznick, P.,Leadership in Administration, A Sociological Interpretation[M].1957,New York:Harper & Row.
[182]Shortell, Stephen M.,The Role of Environment in a Configurational Theory of Organizations[J].Human Relations,1977,30, pp.275-302. [183] Snow,C.C.and G.Hrebiniak, Strategy,Distinctive Competence and Organizational Performance[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1980,25,No.2,pp.317-336.
[184]Stinchcombe, in James.March, ed., Handbook of Organizations[J].Chicago:Rand Mcnally,1965,p.142.
[185]Thomas J.Peters,Robert H. Waterman, Jr,管维立译,寻求优势--美国最成功公司的经验[M].1985中国财政经济出版社。
[186]Thomas, Kidd,& Fernandez-Araoz, Are you underutilizing your board?[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,2007,48,2:pp.71-76.
[187]Thompson, J.D.& McEwen, W.J., Organizational Goals and Environment:Goal Setting as an Interaction Process[J].American Sociological Review,1958,23, pp.23-31.
[188]Thompson, James D.,Organizations in Action[M].1967,McGraw-Hill, New York.
[189]T.J.Peters and R.H.Waterman,Jr.,In Search of Excellence[M].1982,New York:Warner Books.
[190]Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].1961,London:Tavistock.
[191]Trist E.,A concep t of Organizational Ecology[J]. Australian Journal of Management,1976, 2:pp.161-176.
[192]V.K.Garg,B.A.A.Walters & R.L.Priem, Chief Executive Scanning emphases,enviromental dynamism and Manufacturing firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2003,24:pp.725-744.
[193]Wernerfelt B. A resource-based view of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5,2:pp.171-180.
[194]Whittington,R.(1988),Environmental structure and theories of strategic choice[J] Journal of Management Studies,1988,25,pp.521-536.
[195]Whisler, Th. L./Meyer, H./Baum, B. H./Sorensen, P. F.,Centralization of Organizational Control:An Empirical Study of its Measurement[J].Journal of Business,1967,40:pp.10-26.
[196]Whittington,R.,Environmental structure and theories of strategic choice[J].Journal of Management Studies,1988,25,pp.521-36.
[197]William P. Wan and Daphne W. Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2009,Vol.30, No. 7:pp.791-801.
[198]Williamson, O. E., Markets and Hierarchies[M].1975,New York:Free Press.
[199]Williamson, O. E.,& Ouchi, W. G. The markets and hierarchies and visible hand perspectives:The markets and hierarchies program of research:Origins, implication, prospects[A]. In A. Van de Ven & J. Joyce, Perspectives on organization design and behavior[C].1981,New York: Wiley,pp.347-370.
[200]W.Richard Scott, Organizations:Rational, Natural and Open Systems[M].1982,EngIewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall.
[201]W.Richard Scott,Institutions and Organizations[M].2001,2nd ed. Thousand Oaks:Sage.
[202]W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J]. Annual Review of Sociology,2004,No.30,pp.1-21.
[203]W.Richard Scott,李国武摘译,对组织社会学50年来发展的反思[J].国外社会科学,2006,1,pp.7-14.
[1]安景玲,齐二石,李中阳,李钢,基于资源与能力的竞争力理论研究综述[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2003,10,336-340。
[2]白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005,2,pp.81-91。
[3]陈国权,王斌,陈玉祥,而向可持续发展的企业环境分析与经营管理框架[J].清华大学学报,(哲学社会科学版),1998,4,pp.59-66。
[4]陈国权,组织与环境的关系及组织学习[J].管理科学学报,2001,5,pp.39-49。
[5]邓伟根,产业经济学研究[M].2001,北京：经济管理出版社。
[6]费显政,组织与环境的关系—不同学派述评与比较[J].国外社会科学,2006,3.pp.15-21。
[7]胡莎,企业国际化对经营绩效的影响_我国制造业上市公司的实证研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2006。
[8]黄旭、史锐,制造业上市公司并购——绩效分析与政策建议[J].财经科学,2007,11,pp.41-47。
[9]加雷恩·琼斯,珍妮弗·乔治,查尔斯·希尔,李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].2003,北京：人民邮电出版社,pp.28-40。
[10]姜付秀,刘志彪,陆正飞,多元化经营_企业价值与收益波动研究_以中国上市公司为例的实证研究[J].财经问题研究,2006,11,pp.27-35。
[11]李涛、王晓蓓、王超,企业科研投入与经营绩效的实证研究_信息业与制造业上市公司的比较[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,7,pp.170-174。
[12]李陶,我国制造业上市公司企业绩效的影响因素研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2009。
[13]李晓明,战略视角下的企业环境理论综述[J].生产力研究,2009,4,pp.170-172。
[14]梁磊,中外组织生态学研究的比较分析[J].管理评论,2004,3,pp.51-57。
[15]梁磊、邢欣,产业组织研究基于组织生态学的最新进展[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004,1,pp.64-69。
[16]刘延平,企业环境与国际竞争力[J].辽宁大学学报,1995,5,pp.86-88。
[17]罗珉,战略选择论的起源、发展与复杂性范式[J].外国经济.与管理,2006,1,pp.9-16。
[18]罗珉,李永强,协作网络下的组织环境理论综述[J].电子科技大学学报社科版,2003,5,3,pp.29-32。
[19]罗珉,组织理论的新发展—种群生态学理论的贡献[J].外国经济与管理,2001,10, pp.34-37.
[20]罗珉,管理理论的新发展[M].2003,成都：西南财经大学出版社。
[21]马海燕,谭力文,国际化能提升企业绩效吗?基于中国纺织服装上市公司的实证[J].企业管理,2010,10,pp.149-154。
[22]马红岩,中国制造业上市公司多元化程度与经营业绩的实证研究[D].陕西：西北大学,2009。
[23]马迎贤,资源依赖理论的发展和贡献评析[J].甘肃社会科学,2005,1：pp.116-119。
[24]彭璧玉,李熙,生态学视角的产业组织成长理论研究[J].经济评论,2009,1：pp.147-153。
[25]彭璧玉,组织生态学理论理论述评[J].经济学家,2006(5),pp.11 l-117。
[26]彭璧玉,组织种群演化理论述评[J].经济评论,2007,5,pp.156-160。
[27]彭璧玉,夏申,生态学视角的组织死亡理论研究[J].当代经济研究,2005,8,pp.21-26。
[28]邱泽奇,在工厂化和网络化的背后—组织理论的发展与困境[J].社会学研究,1999,4：pp.2-25。
[29]任海云、师萍,公司R&D投入与绩效关系的实证研究——基于沪市A股制造业上市公司的数据分析[J].科技进步与对策,2009,24：pp.89-93。
[30]上海市经济和信息化委员会、上海科学技术情报研究所,2009世界制造业重点行业发展动态[M].2010,上海科学技术文献出版社。
[31]苏武康,中国上市公司股权结构与公司绩效_博士论文丛书[M].2003北京：经济科学出版社。
[32]王峰娟,邹存良,多元化程度与内部资本市场效率[J].管理世界,2009,4：pp.153-161。
[33]王伟,基于平衡计分卡的公共组织绩效评价研究[D].天津：天津大学2005。
[34]席酉民,企业外部环境分析[M].2001,北京：高等教育出版社。
[35]席西民等,经济管理基础[M].1998,北京：高等教育出版社。
[36]夏清华,我国企业的国际化战略与绩效[J].中国软科学,2003,7：pp.64-69。
[37]徐兵,中国上市公司绩效评价研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2007。
[38]许德音、周长辉,中国战略管理学研究现状评估[J].管理世界,2004,5,pp.76-87。
[39]许慧珍,信息技术投资_战略取向与企业绩效的关系研究[D].广东：汕头大学,2005。
[40]薛有志,周杰,产品多元化、国际化与公司绩效_来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据[J].南开管理评论,2007,10,3：pp.77-86。
[41]杨丁元,陈慧玲,业竞天择：高科技产业生态[M].1999,航空上业出版社。
[42]杨洁,竞争强度、资本结构与企业业绩的关系研究——基于制造业上市公司数据的实证分析[D].江苏：江苏大学,2009。
[43]杨一民,企业与环境关系的系统学思考[J].生产力研究,1996,2：pp.64-68。
[44]杨忠,张骁,企业国际化程度与绩效关系研究[J].经济研究,2009,2：pp.32-41。
[45]张洪恩、宁宣熙,上市公司综合评价中的因子简并法[J].经济问题,2008,3：pp.69-70。
[46]张光明,赵锡斌,企业与环境相互作用机理研究[J].科技与管理2005,6,pp.10-12。
[47]赵锡斌,费显政,非均衡性分析：企业环境研究的新视角[J].经济与管理研究,2004,4：pp.52-56。
[48]赵锡斌,夏频,动态环境中企业选择的压力及对策[J].江汉论坛,2004,05：pp.41-43。
[49]赵锡斌,温兴琦,混沌系统、企业环境与企业可持续发展战略[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2006,2：pp.124-127。
[50]赵锡斌,深化企业环境理论研究的几个问题[J].管理学报,2006,4：pp.379-386。
[51]赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适----理论与方法[M].2007,中国社会科学出版社。
[52]赵英,王卉平,赵都敏,环境因素对新企业生成的影响研究--组织生态学的观点[J].软科学,2008,2：pp.138-141。
[53]中国产业地图编委会、中国经济景气监测中心、中国财经网络门户编制,中国上市公司产业地图(2007-2008)[M].2008,社会科学文献出版社。
[54]中国社会科学院经济学部,中国经济研究报告(2009-2010)[M].2010,经济管理出版社。
[55]朱国云,组织理论：历史与流派[M].1997,南京：南京大学出版社。
①C.Williams & W.Mitchell,2004,Focusing firm evolution:The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science, Vol.50,No.11:1561-1575.
②Edward S.Mason.The Current State of the Monopoly Problemin the United States[J].Harvard Law Review,1949,(6),62:pp.1265-1285.
③Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Competition[M],1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
④Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2, March-April,1979,pp.137-145.
①Tom Bums and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
② Hannan MT, Freeman JH.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
①Meyer, J. W./Rowan, B. (1978):The Structure of Educational Organizations[A]. (In:Meyer, M.W. (eds.):Environments and Organizations[C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.78-109.
② Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160
③Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
④ Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review,57,no.2,March-April,1979,pp.137-145; Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].New York:Free Press,1980;Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93. John Ketter, James. L.Heskett,曾中,李晓涛译,企业文化与经营业绩[M].华夏出版社,1997,pp.85
①Jones,G.R.,George,J.M.and Hill,C.W.L.李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2003
②D.S.Pugh,彭和平,杨小工译,组织理论精萃[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1990。
①Taylor,Frederick Winslow,The Principles of Scientific Management[M].1911,New York w.w.MNorton &Co.Inc
②Fayol,H,General and Industrial Management[M].1925,Paris:Dunod.
③Mayo,George Elton,The Social Problems of an Industrial Civilization[M].1945,Boston:Graduate School of Business Administration,Harvard University.
④ Max Weber林荣远译,经济与社会[M].2004,商务印书馆。
⑤Gulick,L.and Urwick,L.(eds),Papers on the Science of Administration[C].Institute of PublicAdministration,1937,New York.
⑥朱国云,组织理论：历史与流派[M].南京：南京大学出版社,1997。
⑦Barnard,Chester I,The Function of the Executive[M]. Harvard University Press,Cambridge,Mass Passim,1938
⑧Marshall,Alfred,Principles of Economics[M].London:Macmillan,1925.
⑨Edward H.Chamberlain,The Theory of Monopolistic Competion[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1933
⑩chester I.Bamard,Functions of the Executive,孙耀君译[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社1998。
11Trist E.,A concept of Organizational Ecology[J]Australian Journal of Managernent,1976,2:161-176.
①Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2005.
②Dill William. R., Environment as an Influence on Managerial Autonomy[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 2(4),1958.409-443.
③E.T.Penrose,The theory of the growth of the firm[M]. New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1959.
④ Peter Michael Blau & W. R. Scott..Formal Organizations:A Comparative Approach[M]. San Francisco:Chandler,1962; 194-221.
⑤ Marshall W.Meyer(1978),Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series.
⑥ W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J].Annual Review of SocioIogy,2004,No.30.pp.1-21.
⑦Emery. F.E.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J]. Human Relations,18 (1965),21-32.
⑧Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C.(1978), Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY,
⑨ Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper& Row,1978.
⑩ Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffcr,Environments of Organizations[A]. In A.Inkeles (Ed), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.: Annual Review, Inc.,1976,79-105.
11Williamson, O. E,& Ouchi, W. G. The markets and hierarchies and visible hand perspectives:The markets and hierarchies program of research:Origins, implication, prospects[A]. In A. Van de Ven & J. Joyce, Perspectives on organization design and behavior[C]. New York: Wiley,1981,347-370.
①Pfeffer, Jeffrey, population Ecology., (excerpt from Ch 5) [A].in Organizations and Organization Theory[C]. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Ballinger Publishing Company,1982,180-192.
②Scott, W. G. Organizations, rational, natural, and open systems[M].Englewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall,1982.
③ Williamson, O. E. (1975). Markets and Hierarchies[M]. New York:Free Press.
④ David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, (1984) Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population[J].Academy of Management Review,1984(9),p471-81.
⑤参见：赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适----理论与方法[M],2007,中国社会科学出版社,P.44。
⑥ Tom Bums and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
⑦Hannan M T, Freeman JH.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
⑧ Meyer, J. W./Rowan, B. (1978):The Structure of Educational Organizations[A]. (In:Meyer, M.W. (eds):Environments and Organizations[C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.78-109.
⑨ Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160.
⑩ Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
11 Marshall A..Principle of Economics[M].,1925,London:Macmillan.
12 Edward H.Chamberlain,The Theory of Monopolistic Competition[M] 1933,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
13 Selznick, P.,TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M],1949,Berkeley:University of California Press
14 Emerson, R. M., Power-dependence relations[J].American Sociological Review,1962,27:31-41.
15 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].1978, New York: Harper & Row.
10 W.Richard Scott, Organizations:Rational, Natural and Open Systems[M]1998, Prentice-Hall Inc.
① W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,2004,No.30.pp.1-21.
②Tom Bums and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
③Lawrence, P. R./Lorsch J. W. (1967):Organization and Environment. Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston.
④Hannan M T, Freeman J H.,The population ecology of organizations[J]. American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964
⑤ MacArthur, Robert H.1972, Geographical Ecology:Patterns in the Distribution of Species[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
Donald T. Campbell,Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes[J].Psychology Review 67, 1960,380-400.
⑦ Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer., Environments of Organizations[A]. In A. Inkeles (Ed), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.: Annual Review, Inc.,1976,79-105.
⑧ Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. Carroll.1992. Dynamics of Organizational Populations:Density, Legitimation, and Competition. New York:
Oxford University Press.
⑨ Baum,J.A.C & SinghJ.V.,Evolutionary Dynamics of Organizations[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
⑩Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.1995, Organizations in Industry:Strategy,Structre and Selection[M].New York.Oxford University Press
11 Aldrich.H.E., Organizations Evolving[M].1991,London:SAGE Publications.
12 Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.,The Demography of Corporations and Industries [M].2000,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
① Coase,R H.The nature of the firm[J].Economica,I937,4,16,pp.386-405.
③Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian:Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony[J].American Journal of Sociology,
② Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann,1967,The social construction of reality:A treatise on the sociology of knowledge[M].,1991 edition ed.England:Penguin Books. 1977,83, pp.340-363.
④ Selznick, P., TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization[M].1949,Berkeley:University of California Press.
⑤ Parsons,Talcott,1960,Structure and Process in Modem Societies, New York:The Free Press.
⑥ Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160..
⑦ Meyer, John W. and Scott, Richard W, With the assistance of Brian Rowan and Terrence E. Deal,1983, Organizational Environments. Ritual and Rationality[M]. Beverly Hills:CA, Sage.
⑧ Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160..
⑨ Weber,M.The Sociology of Religion[M].1921,Beacon Press
⑩Scott, W. R.,2001,Institutions and organizations[M].2nd ed. Thousand Oaks:Sage.
① Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
② Alferd D.Chandler,Strategy and Structure[M].Cambridge,MA:MIT Press,1962.
③ Karl E Weick.Enactment process in organizations [A].In Barry M Staw and Gerald R Salanick,eds.New directions in organizational
behavior(Chapter 8)[C].Chicago,IIlinois:St Clair Press,1977.
④ Whittington,R.(1988),Environmental structure and theories of strategic choice[J]. Journal of Management Studies,25,1988,521-536.
⑤Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
⑥ Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2005
⑦Lawrence, P. R./Lorsch J. W. (1967):Organization and Environment. Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston.
⑧ Galbraith, J., Designing Complex Organizations[M]. Addison-Wesley, Reading,1973.
⑨邓伟根,产业经济学研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2001
⑨ Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy"[J]. Harvard Business Review,57,no.2, March-April,1979,pp.137-145; Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].New York:Free Press,1980;Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy [J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93.
11 Selznick, P. (1957) Leadership in Administration, A Sociological Interpretation[M]. New York:Harper & Row.
①Chester I.Bamard Functions of the Executive.孙耀君译:[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社1998。
② Blau, P. M./Schoenherr, R. (1971).The Structure of Organizations[M].Basic Books, New York, passim.
③ Jeffrey Pfeffer(1978):The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed) Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series, pp.29-50.
④ Meyer, M. W. (1972):Size and the Structure of Organizations:A Causal Analysis[J].American Sociological Review 37, pp.434-441.
⑤ Child, J. (1973):Predicting and Understanding Organizational Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,18, pp.168-185.
⑥Robbins, St. P. (1983):Organization Theory, Structure, Design and Applications[M].Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp.54-84; 103-123.
⑦Marshall, Colin (1990):Flat, not Flatulent[J].Management Today. April, pp.5.
Bluedorn, Allen C. (1993):Pilgrim's Progress:trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments [J].Journal of management,19, pp.163-168.
⑨ Richard P. Rumelt, Towards a strategic theory of the firm[A]. In R. B. Lamb (Ed), Competitive strategic management[C].Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall 1984
⑩ Wernerfelt,B., A Resource-based View of the Firm[J].Strategic Management Journal 5, no.2, April-June,1984, pp.171-180.
11 Hayes, Rand K. Clark (1985). Exploring the Sources of Productivity Differences at the Factory Level[A].(in K. Clark et al. (eds.), The Uneasy Alliance:Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma[C]. Boston, Mass.:HBs Press.
12 Barney,J., Strategic factor markets:Expectations, luck and business strategy[J].Management Science,1986.32 (10)pp1231-1241; Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J] Journal of Management,1991.17 (1)pp99-120.
13 Barney J B.,Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,Vol.17,No.1, p99-120.
14 David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M].Harvard Business School Note No.792-804,1992.
15 James C.Collins, Jerrv I.Porras,刘国远等译,企业不败(Built to Last)[M].新华出版社,1996。
16 Diericky L,Cool K,Asset stock accumulation and the sustainability of competitive advantage[J].Management Science,1989,35,p1504-1511.
17 T.J.Peters and R.H.Waterman,Jr.,In Search of Excellence[M].New York:Warner Books,1982.
18 Hansen, G. S., and B. Wernerfelt (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance:The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors[J]. Strategic Management Journal,10:399-411.
19 C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review, May-June,1990,79-93.
① D T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A.Shuen,Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal.Vol.18,No7,August 1997,pp509-533(1997,18 (7):509-533).
②David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery.Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2005.
③Alferd D.Chandler,Strategy and Structure[M].Cambridge,MA:MITPress,1962.
④ E.P.Learned,C.Roland Christensen,and Kenneth Andrews, Business Policy:Text and Cases,[M] New york:Burr Ridge,IL:Irwin,1965.
⑤ H.Igor Ansoff,Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approoch to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion [M] New York:McGraw-Hill,J 965.
⑥ Child, John,Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
⑦Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M]. Cambridge,Harvard University Press,1974.
⑧ Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal.October-December,1981,pp327-43
⑨ R.A Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp379-94
⑩ Lang and Rene M.Stulz,Tobin's Q,Corporate Diversification, and Firm Performance[J].The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.102,No.6 December1994,1248-1280.
11 C.A.Montgomery, B.Wernerfelt,Diversification,Ricardian Rents,and Tobin's Q[J].RAND Journal of Economics,1988,pp.623-32.
① F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification:Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics.1991 pp318
② R.A.D'Aveni,1995,Coping with hypercompetition:Utilizing the new 7S's framework[J].Academy of Management Executive,9(3):46.
③ Anup Agrawal, Jeffrey F.Jaffe, Gershon N. Mandelker. The Post-Merger Performance of Acquiring Firms:A Re-examination of an Anomaly[J]. Journal of Finance,1992, (4).
④Tim Loughran, Anand M. Vijh. Do Long-Term Shareholders Benefit From Corporate Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1997, (5).
⑤ Ariel Markelevich. Examining the Performance of Corporate Acquisitions Based on the Motive for the Acquisition[J].National Bureau of Economic Research,2004,5:pp.1-48.
⑥ Mahmud Hassan, Dilip K. Patro, Howard Tuckman, XiaoliWang. The Long Term Performance of Merger and Acquisition in Pharmaceutical Industry[J]. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,2007, l:pp.58-78.
⑦ Robert Lensink, Iryna Maslennikova Value Performance of European Bank Acquisitions[J]. Applied Financial Economics,2008, (18).
⑧ Donald R. Fraser, Hao Zhang. Mergers and Long-Term Corporate Performance. Evidence from Cross-Border Bank Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,2009,4:1503-1513.
⑨William P. Wan and Daphne W Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J] Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30, No.7,Jul.,2009, pp.791-801
⑩Matraves, C. and P. Rodriguez. Profitability, Diversification, and Multinational in Leading German and UK Firms. International Journal of Business and Economics,2005,4(2):87-105.
11David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery.Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc.,2005.
12 D.Finegold, E.E.Lawler Ⅲ,&J.Conger,2001,Building a better board[J]. Journal of Business Strategy,22(6):33-37; M.S.Schwartz, T.W.Dunfee,&M.J.Kline,2005, Tone at the top:An ethics code for directors? [J].Joumal of Business Ethics,58:79-100; C.J.Prince,2006, When bad things happen to good CEOs[J], Chief Executive, October,52-55.
13 R.Charan,1998,How Corporate Boards Create Competitive Advantage[M]. San Francisco, Jossey-Bsss; M.Carney,2005, Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29:249-265;I.Le Breton-Miller &D.Miller,006,Why do some family business out-compete? Governance, long-term orientations, and sustainable capability[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,30:731-746.
① G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2004, Breakthrough board performance:How to harness your board's intellectual capital[J]. Corporate Governance,
governance[J].Corporate Governance,15(4):585-608. Thomas, Kidd,& Fernandez-Araoz,2007,Are you underutilizing your board?[J].MIT 4(1):5-23;G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2007, Can directors impact performance?A case-based test of three theories of corporate
② R.P.Wright,2004, Top managers' strategic cognitions of the strategy making process:Differences between high and low performing firms[J]. Sloan Management Review,48(2)71-76. Journal of General Management,30(1):61-78.
③ Lukas B.A.,Tan J.J.,Hult T.M.,2001,Strategic fit in transitional economics:the case of China's industry[J]. Journal of Management, 27:pp.409-429.
④Snow,C.C.and G.Hrebiniak(1980), Strategy,Distinctive Competence and Organizational Performance[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,25,No.2,pp.317-336.
⑤ Desarbo W.S,Di BenedettoC.A,SongM,Sinha I.Revisiting tyhe Miles and Snow Strategic Framework:uncovering interrelatonships between strategeic types,Capabilities,environmental uncertainty,and firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,26:47-74,2005.
⑥ James P. Guthrie, Curtis M. Grimm, Ken G. Smith,Environmental change and management staffing:an empirical study[J]. Journal of Management,(12),1991,pp735-48.
⑦ Haveman,H.A.Between a rock and Hard place:Organizational Change and Performance under Conditions of Fundamental Environmental transformation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37, pp48-75.
⑧ Barr,P.S,dapting to unfamiliar environmental events:a look at the evolution of interpretation and its role in strategic change[J].Organization Science,1998(9):644-669.
⑨Forte M.,Hoffman J.J.,Lamont B.T.,Brockman E.N., Organizational form and environment:an analysis of between-form and within-form responses to environment change[J]. Strategic Management Journal,21:753-773,2000.
⑩Jaeyong Song, Firm Capabilities and technology ladders:Sequential Foreign Direct Investments of Japanese Electronics Firms in East Asia[J]. Strategic Management Journal,23:3,191-210,2002.
11Duncan, R. B.1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J], Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3),1972,313-327.
12 H.Igor Ansoff, Strategic Management[M].1979,Lonsdon:Macmillan.
13 Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
14王伟,基于平衡计分卡的公共组织绩效评价研究[D].天津大学,2005
① Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P. (Jan.-Feb.1992). The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance[J]. Harvard Business Review.
②Clark, K.B.:High performance product development in the world auto industry. Paper presented at the International Forum on Technology Management, La Hulpe, Belgium (1989).
③ Dixon JR, Nanni, A.J. and Vollman, T.E.:The New Performance Challenge:Measuring Operations for World Class Competition. Illinois:
Business One Irwin,1990.
④Mather, H.:Competitive Manufacturing. Prentice Hall Business and Professional Division. Eagle Cliffs,1989.
⑤刘延平,企业环境与国际竞争力[J].辽宁大学学报,1995,86-88。
⑥杨一民,企业与环境关系的系统学思考[J].生产力研究,1996(2),64-68。
⑦陈国权,王斌,陈玉祥,而向可持续发展的企业环境分析与经营管理框架[J]清华大学学报,(哲学社会科学版)、1998(4),59--66。
⑧席两民等,经济管理基础[M].北京：高等教育出版社,1998。
⑨邱泽奇,在工厂化和网络化的背后—组织理论的发展与困境[J].社会学研究,1999(4),2-25。
⑩杨丁元,陈慧玲(1999),业竞天择：高科技产业生态[M].航空工业出版社,1999。
①席西民,企业外部环境分析[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2001。
②陈国权,组织与环境的关系及组织学习[J].管理科学学报,2001(5)。
③罗珉,组织理论的新发展—种群生态学理论的贡献[J].外国经济与管理2001,10,P34-37;罗珉,管理理论的新发展[M]成都：西南财经大学出版社,2003。
④罗珉,李永强,协作网络下的组织环境理论综述[J].电子科技大学学报社科版,2003,5,(3),29-32。
⑤梁磊,中外组织生态学研究的比较分析[J]管理评论,2004(3),51-57；梁磊、邢欣,产业组织研究基于组织生态学的最新进展[J]经济理论与经济管理,2004,(1),64-69。
⑥彭璧玉,组织生态学理论理论述评[J].经济学家,2006(5),1]1-117;彭璧玉,组织种群演化理论述评fJ]经济评论,2007(5),156-160;彭璧玉,夏申,生态学视角的组织死亡理论研究[J].当代经济研究,2005(8).21-26。
⑦赵英,王卉平,赵都敏,环境因素对新企业生成的影响研究--组织生态学的观点[J].软科学,2008(2),138-141。
⑧安景玲,齐二石,李中阳,李钢,基于资源与能力的竞争力理论研究综述[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2003,10,336-340。⑨马迎贤,资源依赖理论的发展和贡献评析[J].甘肃社会利学,2005(1),116-119。
⑩罗珉(2006),战略选择论的起源、发展与复杂性范式[J].外国经济与管理,2006(1),9-16。
11李晓明,战略视角下的企业环境理论综述[J].生产力研究,2009,4,170-172。
12邓伟根,产业经济学研究[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2001。
13赵锡斌,费显政,非均衡性分析：企业环境研究的新视角[J].经济与管理研究,2004(4)52-56；赵锡斌,夏频,动态环境中企业选择的压力及对策[J].江汉论坛,2004,05,41-43;张光明,赵锡斌,企业与环境相互作用机理研究[J].科技与管理2005,610-12；赵锡斌,温兴琦,混沌系统、企业环境与企业可持续发展战略[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2006,2.124-127；费显政,组织与环境的关系—不同学派述评与比较[J].国外社会科学,2006,315-21：赵锡斌,深化企业环境理论研究的几个问题[J].管理学报,2006,4.379-386。
①赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适—理论与方法[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007
②徐兵,中国上市公司绩效评价研究[D]中南大学(博士学位论文),2007。
③张洪恩、宁宣熙,上市公司综合评价中的因子简并法[J].经济问题,2008(3),pp69-70
④马红岩,中国制造业上市公司多元化程度与经营业绩的实证研究[D]西北大学,2009。
⑤姜付秀,刘志彪,陆正飞,多元化经营企业价值与收益波动研究以中国上市公司为例的实证研究[J].财经问题研究,2006,11,27-35。
⑥黄旭、史锐,制造业上市公司并购——绩效分析与政策建议[J].财经科学,2007(11),pp.41-47。
⑦薛有志,周杰,产品多元化、国际化与公司绩效来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据[J].南开管理评论,2007(10),3,77-86。
⑧夏清华,我国企业的国际化战略与绩效[J].中国软科学,2003(7),64-69。
⑨杨忠,张骁,企业国际化程度与绩效关系研究[J]经济研究,2009(2),32-41 ①马海燕,谭力文,国际化能提升企业绩效吗?基于中国纺织服装上市公司的实证fJ]企业管理,2010(10),149-154。
②胡莎,企业国际化对经营绩效的影响我国制造业上市公司的实证研究[D].中南大学,(硕士学位论文)2006。
③任海云、师萍,公司R&D投入与绩效关系的实证研究——基于沪市A股制造业上市公司的数据分析[J].科技进步与对策,2009(24),pp.89-93。
④李涛、王晓蓓、王超,企业科研投入与经营绩效的实证研究_信息业与制造业上市公司的比较[J]科学学与科学技术管理,2008(7),pp.170-174。
⑤许慧珍,信息技术投资 战略取向与企业绩效的关系研究[D].汕头大学,2005。
⑥杨洁,竞争强度、资本结构与企业业绩的关系研究——基于制造业上市公司数据的实证分析[D].江苏大学,2009。
⑦白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J]经济研究,2005,2,pp.81-91。
⑧苏武康,中国上市公司股权结构与公司绩效 博士论文丛书[M].北京：经济科学出版社,2003。
①A.D.F.Penalva,2006. Governance structure and the weighting of performance measures in CEO compensation, Review of Accountign Studies, 11:463-493.
⑩李陶,我国制造业上市公司企业绩效的影响因素研究[D]上海：复旦大学,2009。
①D.S.Pugh(1971),彭和平等译,组织理论精萃[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1990。
①Barnard, Chester I. (1938):The Functions of the Executive[M] Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Passim.
② Presthus, R.V (1959), The social bases of bureaucratic organizationfJ]. Social Forces, Vol.38 No.2, pp.103-9
③Presthus, R.V. (1961), Weberian vs welfare bureaucracy in traditional society[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol.6 No.1, pp.1-24.
④ Stinchcombe, in James.March, ed., Handbook of Organizations[J].Chicago:Rand Mcnally,1965, p.142.
⑤Norbert Wiener, Cybemetics:Or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine[M].1961.The MIT Press.
⑥Pfeffer. J. and Salancik, G. R..The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M] New York:Harper&Row. 1978)
⑦ Mintzberg, H.,1983,Power in and around Organizations [M].NJ:Prentice-Hall.
⑧Richard L. Daft, Essentials of Organization Theory and Design (Edition)[M].,South-Western College Publishing,1998,中文版
⑨ D.S.Pugh, D.J.Hickson,C.R.Hinings,C.Turner,Dimensions of Organnization Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 13,1968,p.65-91.
①Barnard, Chester I. (1938):The Functions of the Executive[M] Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. Passim.
② Scott, Richard W.(1987):Organizations; rational, natural and open Systems[M].Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp 3-116.
③ Clark, P. B./Wilson, J. Q. (1961):Incentive Systems. A Theory of Organizations[J].Administrative Science, Quarterly 6, pp.129-166.
④ Davis, Keith/Newstrom, John W. (1985):Human Behavior at Work:Organizational Behavior[M].McGraw-Hill, New York, S., pp 67-154
⑤ Powell,Gary N. (1998):The Simultaneous Pursuit of Person-Organization Fit and Diversity[J].Organizational Dynamics,26,1.1.
⑥ Blau, P. M./Schoenherr, R. (1971):The Structure of Organizations[M].Basic Books, New York, passim.
⑦ Child.J, (1973):Predicting and Understanding Organizational Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,18, pp.168-185.
⑧ Meyer, M. W.(1972):Size and the Structure of Organizations:A Causal Analysis[J].American Sociological Review 37, pp434-441.
⑨ Robbins, St. P. (1983):Organization Theory, Structure, Design and Applications[M].Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp.54-84, 103-123.
⑩ Marshall,Colin(1990):Flat,not Flatulent[J].Management Today. April,pp.5.
11 Bluedorn, Allen C. (1993):Pilgrim's Progress:trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments[J].Journal of management,19, pp.163-168.
12 Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian (1977):Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony[J].American Journal of Sociology,83, pp.340-363.
13 Ouchi, W.G.(1977):The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Control. (Administrative Science Quarterly 22, pp.95-113.
14 Ouchi, W.G./Maguire, M. A. (1975):Organizational Control:Two Functions[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 20, pp.559-569.
15 Kieser, A./Kubicek, H.(1983):Organisation[M]. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York (2. Auf), pp.103-132.
16 Whisler, Th. L./Meyer, H./Baum, B. H./Sorensen, P. F. (1967):Centralization of Organizational Control:An Empirical Study of its Measurement[J]. Journal of Business,40, pp.10-26.
" Boulding, Kenneth E. (1953):The Organizational Revolution[M], Harper & Row New York.
①Thompson, James D. (1967):Organizations in Action[M], McGraw-Hill, New York.
③ Burns,T./Stalker, G.M. (1961):The Management of Innovation[M]. Tavistock Publications, London. ②Geser, Hans (1992):Toward an Interaction Theory of Organizational Actors[J].Organization Studies 13, pp.429-451.
④ Lawrence, P. R./Lorsch J. W. (1967):Organization and Environment. Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston.
⑤ Hickson D. J. (1966):A Convergence in Organization Theory[J].Administrative Science Quarterly 11, pp.224-237
⑥Shortell, Stephen M.(1977):The Role of Environment in a Configurational Theory of Organizations[J].Human Relations,30, pp.275-302.
⑦Pfeffer, Jeffrey (1978):The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. (In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed.) Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco, pp.29-50.
⑧ Brittain, J. W./Freeman, J. H. (1980):Organizational Proliferation and Density dependent Selection[A]. (In:Kimberley, JR./Miles, R.H (eds):the Organizational life Cycle[C].Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.291-338).
⑨Baum, Joel. A. C./Singh J. V. (1994):Evolutionary Dynamics of Organization[M]. Oxford University Press.
⑩Kamoche, Ken/Pina e Cunha Miguel (2001):Minimal Structures:from Jazz Improvisation to Product Innovation[J]. Organization Studies 22/5, pp.733-764.
11Carroll,G.R.,1984,Organizational ecology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,10:71-93.
12Minzberg H.等著,战略历程:纵览战略管理学派[M].机械工业出版社,2002
13 Richard L. Daft, Essentials of Organization Theory and Design (Edition)[M].,South-Western College Publishing,1998
14加雷恩·琼斯,珍妮弗·乔治,查尔斯·希尔,当代管理学,李建伟等译[M].人民邮电出版社,2003;28-40。
15赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适-理论与方法[M].中国社会科学出版社,2007。
① Howard E.Aldrich, Organizations and Environments[M]. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ1979,2007.
②Penrose, E.T.,The theory of the growth of the firm[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc,1959,pp88-152.
③ Miles,R.E.,and Snow,C.C.,1978,Organizational Strategy.Structure and Process[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.
④ R. Miles, Macro Organization Behavior[M],Santa Monica, Calif.:Goodyear,1980; R Daft, Organization Theory and Design rMJ.Cinrinnati, Ohio:South-Western College Publishing,1998.
①Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2, March-April,1979,pp.137-145.
②H.IgorAnsoff,Strategic Management[M].1979,Lonsdon:Macmillan.
①Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
② James D.Thompson, Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory [M].New York:McGraw-HILL Companies,1967.
③ K.Weick, The Social Psychology Of Organizing[M].,2d ed. Reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley,1979.
④Aguilar, F. J. (1967). Scanning the business environment. New York, NY:McMillan.
⑤ Keegan,W.J.(1968)The Acquisition of Global Information[J].Information Management Review,8(1),54-56.
⑥V.K.Garg,B.A.A.Walters & R.L.Priem,2003,Chief Executive Scanning emphases.enviromental dynamism and Manufacturing firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,24:725-744.
⑦Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
⑧ Emery, F.E.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J].Human Relations,18 (1965),21-32.
①J.Milliken, Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty about the Rnvironment:State,Effect, and Response Uncertainty[J].Academy of Management Review 12,1987,133-143.
②Dess,G.G.,& Beard,D.W.1984,Dimensions of Organizational task enviroments[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,29:52-73.
③ Duncan, R. B.1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3),1972,313-327.
④Meyer A.D.,1982,Adapting to Environment Joints[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,27:515-537.
⑤Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J], Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
①Duncan, R. B.1972. Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17(3),1972,313-327.
[①]H.Igor Ansoff, Strategic Management[M].Lonsdon: Macmillan,1979.
① Jones,G.R.,George,J.M.and Hill,C.W.L.,李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2003。
② Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper & Row,1978.
③Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961.
④Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January,
12,1967, pp.1-47.Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University,1967.
⑤ Hannan M T, Freeman JH.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
⑥Selznick, P.,1949, TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M]. Berkeley:University of California Press.
⑦Parsons,Talcott,1960,Struclure and Process in Modern Societies, New York:The Free Press.
⑧Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
⑨Marshall A.,Principle of Economics[M].London:Macmillan,1925.
⑩ Chanberlin, Edward H.,The Theory of Monopolistic Competition[M]. Cambridge:Harvard University Press,1933.
11Selznick, P.,1949, TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M]. Berkeley:University of California Press
12 Emerson, R. M.,1962, Power-dependence relations [J].American Sociological Review,27:31-41.
13 Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M]. New York:Harper& Row,1978.
①W.Richard Scott,1998. Organizations:Rational, Natural and Open Systems. Prentice-Hall Inc.
②David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies.Inc.2005.
③Thompson, J.D.& McEwen, W.J., Organizational Goals and Environment:Goal Setting as an Interaction Process[J].American Sociological Review,23 (1958),23-31.
④James D.Thompson,Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory[M].New York:McGraw-HILL Companies,1967.
⑤Blau, P. M.,1964, Exchange and Power in Social Life[M]. New York:John Wiley and Sons.
①Dill, W. R.,1958, Environment as an influence on managerial autonomy[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,3:409-443.
②Marshall W.Meyer (1978).Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series.
③Casciaro,Tiziana;Piskorski,Mikotai Jan(Harvard University), Power Imbalance, Mutual Dependence, and Constraint Absorption:A Closer Look at Resource Dependence Theory[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly; Jun,2005, Vol.50 Issue 2, p167-199.
④Jeffrey Pfeffer (1978):The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed.) Environments and Organizations[C]. Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series, pp.29-50.
⑤Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer., Environments of Organizations[J].Annual Review of Sociology,1976,2, pp.79-105.
① Kanter, R. M. Power failure in management circuits[J].Harvard Business Review,1979,57(4),65-75.
②Pfeffer, J. Power in Organizations[M]. Marshfield, Mass.:Pitman,1981.
③Pfeffer, J. (1972). Merger as a Response to Organizational Interdependence [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,17, pp.382-394.
④David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population[J].Academy of Management Rcview,1984(9),p471-81.
⑤Pfeffer, J., and A. Leong 1977 "Resource allocation in United Funds:Examination of power and dependence," Social Forces,55:775-790.
①James P. Guthrie, Curtis M. Grimm, Ken G. Smith, Environmental change and management staffing:an empirical study[J]. Journal of Management(12),1991,pp735-48.
② David J.Collis & Cynthia A.Montgomery, Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s[J]. Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995,118-128.
③ W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J].Annual Review of Sociology,No.30.2004.
④Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].London:Tavistock.1961
①Galbraith, J., Designing Complex Organizations[M]. Addison-Wesley, Reading,1973
② Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January, 12,1967, pp.1-47.Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M] Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University,1967.
③Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January, 12,1967, pp.1-47.
④Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly, January, 12,1967, pp.1-47.Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M]. Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University,1967.
①Nelson,R.R.& Winter, S.(Richard Robinson Nelson,Sidney G.Winter)[1982],An Evolutinary Theory of Economic Change,The Belknap Press of Harvard University,Cambridge,Massachusetts and London,England.
②James C.Collins,Jerrrv I. Porras,企业不败(Built to Last)[M].中译本,新华出版社,1996,p192.
① Hawley, A. H. (1986). Human ecology:A Theory of Community Structure., Chicago, IL:University of Chicago Press.
②Donald T. Campbell,Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes[J].Psychology Review 67, 1960,380-400.
③ MacArthur, Robert H.1972, Geographical Ecology:Patterns in the Distribution of Species[M]. Princeton:Princeton University Press.
④Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer., Environments of Organizations[A]. In A.Inkeles (Ed.), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.: Annual Review, Inc.,1976,79-105.
⑤Hannan M T, Freeman J H.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:929-964.
⑥ K.Weick, The Social Psychology Of Organizing[M].,2d ed. (Reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley,1979.
⑦Thomas J. Peters,Robert H. Waterman, Jr,管维立译,寻求优势--美国最成功公司的经验[M].中国财政经济出版社,1985
⑧James C.Collins,Jerrv I.Porras,企业不败(Built to Last)[M]中译本,新华出版社,1996,P192.
①Hannan, M.T. and J. Freeman (1989) Organizational Ecology.Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
②Jitendra Singh, Organizational Evolution:New Directions [M].Sage Publications, Inc,1990.
③James Moore,The Death of Competition:Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems [M].New York,Harper Collins,1996.
④Richard L.Daft,李维安等译,组织理论与设计精要[M].机械工业出版社,1999.
①Packalen,K.Complementing Capital:The Role of Status,Demographic Features,and Social Capital in Founding Teams Abilities to Obtain Resources[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2007,31,6,873-91.
②梁磊,中外组织生态学研究的比较分析[J].管理评论,2004(3),51-57.
③彭璧玉,李熙,生态学视角的产业组织成长理论研究[J].经济评论,2009(1).147-153
④ John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan. Niche Width and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations[J].The American Journal of Sociology, Vol.88, No.6. (May,1983), pp.1116-1145.
① Howard Aldrich,Bill Mckelvey and David Ulrich,Design Strategy from the Population Perspective[J]. Journal of Management,10,1984:67-86. David Ulrich, The Population Perspective:Review, Critique,and Relevance[J].Human Relations 40,1987:137-52.
②John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan.(1984):Structural Inertia and Organizational Change [J].American Sociological Review, Vol.49, No.2, pp.149-164.
③Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.Using Institutional Theory in Studying Organizational Populations[J]. American Sociological Review.1989,54:545-548.
④Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan,1995, Organizations in Industry:Strategy, Structure and Selection[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
①Hannan,Michael T.Ecologies of Organizations Diversity and Identity[J]. Journal of Economic Perspectives.Vol 19,Number 1, Winter,2005, 51-70.
① Paul J.DiMaggio& Walter W.Powell,(1983),The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160..
①Child, John,1972, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J], Sociology Vol 6,1972, p.1-22.
② Miles, R.E.,& Snow, C.C.,1978, Organizational Strategy, Structure and Pocess[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.
①Andrews, K.R. The Concept of Corporate Strategy. Ricgard D Lrwin,inc;Homewood, Irllinois.1980,pp17-46
①Thomas J. Peters,Robert H. Waterman, Jr,管维立译,寻求优势--美国最成功公司的经验[M].中国财政经济出版社,1985
②Michael E.Porter, "Form Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy", [J]Harvard Business Review,May-June 1987,pp.43-59
④C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel,"The Core Competence of the Corporation", [J]Harvard Business Review,May-June,1990,pp.79-91
④许德音、周长辉“中国战略管理学研究现状评估”《管理世界》2004,5,76-87页
⑤David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, "Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s"[J]Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995,pp118-128
⑥Wernerfelt B.A resource-based view of the firm[J], Strategic Management Journal,1984,5(2)pp171-180. Barney, J. Strategic factor markets: Expectations, luck and business strategy.Management Science,1986.32 (10)pp1231-1241:Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management,1991.17(1)pp99-120.
①E.P.Leamed.C.Roland Christensen,and Kenneth Andrews, Business Policy:Text and Cases,[M] New york:BurrRidge,IL:Inwin,l965.
②H.Igor Ansoff,Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approoch to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion[M].New York:McGraw-Hill,1965.
③Hicks H.G.The Management of Organization[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill,1965
④Emery, RE.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J]. Human Relations,18,1965,21-32.
⑤Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C.,1978, Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process[M]. New York:McGraw-Hill.
⑥Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].New York:Harper& Row,1978.
⑦J.R.Hough & M.A.White,2003 Environmental Dynamism and Strategic Decision-making rationality:An examination at the decision level,Strategic Management Journal,24:481-489.
①David B.Jemison,The Importance of Boundary Spanning Roles in Strategic Decision Making[J].Journal of Management Studies, 21,1984,131-152.
②Jay W. Lorsch,Introduction to the Structural Design of Organizations[A].in Gene W.Dalton,Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch.eds Organizational Structure and Design[C].Homewood. Ⅲ.:Irwin and Dorsey,1970,pp5.
③ Lawrence, PR.& Lorsch, J.W.Organization and Environment[M]. Homewood Ⅲ.:Irwin,1969.
④Jay W.Lorsch & Paul R.Lawrence, Organization Planning.Cases and Conepts[M].Homewood, Ⅲ:Irwin and Dorsey,1972.
①M.A.Hitt,R.D.Ireland,& H.Lee,2000,Technological Laeming,Knowledge Management,Firm Growth and Performance:An Introductory essay Journal of Engineering and Technology Management,17:231-246.
②R.D.Ireland & J.W.Webb,2007,Strategic Entrepreneurship:Creating Competitive Advantage Through Streams of Innovation[J].Business Honzons,50:49-59.
③ C.M.Grimm,H.Lee & K.G.Smith,2006, Strategy as Action:Competitive Dynamics and Competitive Advantage[M].New York:Oxford University Press.
① Paul J.DiMaggio & Walter W.Powell,1983,The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review, Vol.48, No.2, pp.147-160.
② John P.Kotter,Managing External Dependence[J]. Academy of Management Review,4,1979,87-92.
③Judith A.Babcock, Organizational Responses to Resource Scarcity and Munificence:Adaptation and Modification in Colleges within a University(Ph.D.diss,Pennsylvania State University,1981);David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population [J]. Academy of Management Review,1984(9),p471-81;Richard L. Daft,李维安等译,组织理论与设计精要[M].机械工业出版社1999,p47
④Miles, Robert H.,1987,Managing the Corporate Social Environment[M]. Prentice IIall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
⑤Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer, Environments of Organizations[J]. Annual Review of Sociology,1976,2, pp.79-105.
① William P. Wan and Daphne W Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30, No.7,Jul.,2009, pp.791-801.
②Bhagat,S.,Bernard S.Black.The Non-Correlation between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Preformance[J]. Journal of Corporation Law Vol.27,2002,pp231-273.
①A.Seth & H Thomas,1994,Theories of the Firm:Implications for Strategy Reasearch[J]. Journal of Management Studies,31,165-191.
②F.J.Acedo.C.Barroso & J.L.Galan,2006,The Resource-Based Theory:Dissemination and Main Trends[J].Strategic Management Journal,27: 621-636.
③ A.M.McGahan,1999,Competition,Strategy and Business Performance[J].California Management Review,41(3):74-101; A.M.McGahan & M.E, Porter,1997,How much does Industry matter.Really? [J].Strategic Management Journal.18,pp15-30.
④R. Miles, Macro Organization Behavior [M].Santa Monica, Calif.:Goodyear,1980; R. Daft, Organization Theory and Design [M].Cincinnati, Ohio:South-Western College Publishing,1998.
①B.L.Kirkman,K.B.Lowe,& C.B.Gibson,2006,A quarter of a century of culture's consequences:A review old empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework[J].Journal of International Business c,37:285-320.
② C.W.L.Hill & F.T.Rothaermel,2003,The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation[J]. Academy of Management Review,28,257-274.
① Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93.
② Wernerfelt,B.1984,A Resource-Based View of the Firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,12:171-180;DavidJ.Collis & Cynthia A.Montgomery, Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s[J].Harvard Business Review, July-August 1995,118-128.
①Scott L. Newbert,2007,Empirical Research on the Resource-Based View of the Firm:An Assessment and Suggestions for Future Research[J].Strategic Management Joumal,Vol.28, No.2, pp.121-146.
②Grant R.M.,1991,Contemporary Strategy Analysis[M].Cambridge,U.K.:Blackwell Business,100-102.
③Grant R. M.,The Resource-based theory of competitive advantage:implications for strategy formulation[J]. California Management Review, 1991,33(3).
①David J. Collis and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,王永贵,杨永恒等译,公司战略:基于资源观[M].机械工业出版社,2006.pp.70.
②C.K. Prahalad and G.Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation[J].Harvard Business Review,May-June,1990,3,79-93.
③D.T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A. Shuen,Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Journal,Vol. 18,No7,August 1997,pp509-533(1997,18(7):509-533)
④Barney,J.,Strategic factor markets:Expectations,luck and business strategy[J].Management Science,1986.32(10)pp1231-1241;Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991.17(1)pp99-120.
⑤Barney J B.,Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J].Journal of Management,1991,Vol.17,No.1,p99-120.
⑥David J.Collis,and,Cynthia A.Montgomery,Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advanta[J].Harvard Business School Note No.792-804, 1992
⑦James C.Collins,Jerrv I. Porras,刘国远等译,企业败(Builf to Last)[M]新华出版社,1996。
⑧F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification: Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J].Review of Economics and Statisics.1991 pp318
①Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M]. Cambridge,Harvard University Press,1974.
② R.A.Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp379-94; Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal. October-December,1981,pp327-43; D. J. Lecraw,Diversification Strategy Performance[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics.December 1984,pp 179-98; P.Rajan Varadarajan and V.Ramanujam, Diversification and Performance:A Reexamination Using a New Two-Dimensional Conceptualization of Diversity in Firms[J].Academy of Management Journal,June 1987,pp380-393.
③Rumelt, R.P. (1991). How Much Does Industry Matter?[J].Strategic Management Journal,12:167-85.
①Jacobson, R. (1988). The Persistence of Abnormal Returns[J]. Strategic Management Journal,9:41-58.
②Hansen, G. S., and B. Wernerfelt (1989). Determinants of Firm Performance; The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors[J].Strategic Management Journal,10:399-411.
③D.T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A.Shuen.Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Management[J].Strategic Management Joumal,Vol.18,No7,August 1997, pp509-533.
④R.A.D'Aveni,1995,Coping with hypercompetition:Utilizing the new 7S's framework[J].Academy of Management Executive,9(3):46.
⑤C. A. Montgomery and B. Wernerfelt, "Diversification, Ricardian Rents, and Tobin's q," RAND Journal of Economics,1998, pp.623-632.
⑥Larry H. P. Lang and Rene M.Stulz, "Tobin's q.Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance,The Journal of Political Economy, Vol.102,No.6(December 1994),pp1248-1280.
①Jean-Paul Larcon,赵纯均,中国跨国企业研究[M].机械工业出版社,2009。
②A.S.Cui, D.A.Griffith, S.T.Cavusgil,&M.Dabic,2006, The influence of market and cultural environmental factors on technology transfer between foreign MNCs and local subsidiaries:A Croatian illustration, Journal of World Business,41:100-111.
③F T.Rothaermel.M.A.Hitt & L.Jobe,2006,Balancing Vertical Integration and Strategic Outsourcing:Effects on Product Portfolio, Product success,and firm Performance[J].Journal of Management,27,1033-1056.
①J.A.Schmidt,2002, Business perspective on mergers and acquisitions[A], in J.A.Schmidt(ed), Making Mergers Work[C]. Alexandria, VA:Society for Human Resource Management,23-46.
②William P. Wan and Daphne W. Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,Vol.30, No.7,Jul.,2009, pp.791-801.
③ K.E.Meyer,Globalfocusing:From domestic conglomerates to global specialists[J].Journal of Management Studies,2006,43:pp.1109-1144.
① R.E.Hoskisson & M.A.Hitt,Antecedents and Performance outcomes of Diversification:A Review and Critique of theoretical Perspectives[J].Journal of Management,1990,16:pp.461-509.
②C.M.Daily,P.P.McDougall,Govemance and strategic leadership in entrepreneurial firms[J]. Journal of Management,2002,3:pp.387-412.
③ K.H.Heimeriks & GDuysters,2007, Alliance Capability as a Mediator between Experience and Alliance Performance:An Empirical Investigation into the Alliance Capability Development Process[J]. Journal of Management Studies.Vol.44, pp25-29.
④Y.Luo,Are joint venture partners more opportunistic in a more volatile environment?[J],Strategic Management Joumal,2007,28:pp.39-60.
Y.Wang & S.Nicgolas,The formation and evolution of nonequity strategic alliances in China[J].Asia Pacific Journal of Management,2007,24:pp.131-150.
①G.Lannotta,G.Nocera & A.Stroni,Ownership structure,risk and Performance in the European banking industry[Jl. Journal of Banking and Finance,2007,31:pp.2127-2149.
②M.W.peng,2004,Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions[J]. Strategic Management Journal,25:453-471.
③R.C.Anderson & D.M.Reeb,2004,Board composition:Balacing family influence in S&P 500 firms[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,49:209-237.
①A.Chakrabory & R.Amott,Takeover defenses and dilution:A welfare analysis[J]. Journal of Financial and QuantltativeAnalysis,2001, 36:pp311-334.
①R.E. Hoskisson,M.A.Hitt, William.P.Wan & Daphne W. Yiu.1999,Swings of a Pendulum:Theory and Research in Strategic Management[J] Journal ofManagement,25,417-456.
①中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴,中国统计出版社,2010,14-3。
②中国证券监督管理委员会,中国证券期货统计年鉴,学林出版社,2010,5-2,2-7
①中国社会科学院经济学部,中国经济研究报告(2009-2010)[M].经济管理出版社,2010,(75)。
①中国产业地图编委会、中国经济景气监测中心、中国财经网络门记编制,中国上市公司产业地图(2007-2008)[M].社会科学文献出版社,2008
①中国社会科学院经济学部,中国经济研究报告(2009-2010)[M].经济管理出版社,2010,(73)。
①中国证券监督管理委员会,中国证券期货统计年鉴,学林出版社,2010,2-2
②中国证券监督管理委员会,中国证券期货统计年鉴,学林出版社,2010,1-3
①数据来源：中国产业地图编委会、中国经济景气监测中心、中国财经网络门记编制,中国上市公司产业地图(2007-2008)M.社会科学文献出版社,2008。
②笔者根据图4.8、图4.9的数据计算而得。
①中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴,中国统计出版社,2010,14-3。
①郭鹏飞、孙培源,资本结构的行业特征：基于中国上市公司的实证研究[J]经济研究,2003,5,pp.67-73
①Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Cornpetition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
②Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2,March-April,1979,pp.137-145.
③ C.Williams & W.Mitchell,2004,Focusing firm evolution:The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science,Vol.50,No.11:1561-1575.
④Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
①Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Competition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
②Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery, Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal.October-December,1981,pp327-43.
David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M]. 1992,Harvard Business School Note No.pp.792-804.
①Meyer AD,Brooks GR,Goes J.B 1990.Environmental jolts and industry revolutions orgarnizational responses to discontinuous chang.[J]. Strategic Managemenl Journal,Summer spectal Issue 11:93-110
②Raphael Amit and Joshua Livnat,Diversification Strategies,Business Cycles and bconomic Pertoemance[J].Strategic Managem Journal, 1988.Vol.9,No.2:Mar.Apr,pp.99-110.
③R.M.Stulz,Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies[J]. Journal of Financial Ecommmics,1990,26:pp.3-27.
④A Chakrabarti,《Singh,I Mahmood,Diversification and Performance Evidence fo from East Asian Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,Vol 28,pp.101-120
⑤Larry H.P.Lang and Rene M. Stulz,Tobin's q,Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance[J].Journal of Political Ecomomy,1994, December,Vol.102,No6.:pp.1248.80.
⑥王峰娟,邹存良,多元化程度与内部资本市场效率,管理世界,2009,4,153-161。
⑦李陶,我国制造业上市公司企业绩效的影响因素研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2009。
①Kurt Christensen and C.A Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J].Strategic Management Journal October-December,1981,pp327-43.
②A M Rugman & A.Verbeke,2007,Liabilities of foreignness and the use of firm -level versus country-level-level data A response to Dunning et al.[J]Journal of International Business Studies,2007,38:pp 200-205.
④马海燕,谭力文,国际化能提升企业绩效吗?基于中国纺织服装上市公司的实证[J].企业管理2010,10：pp.149-154④L.Zhou,W. P.Wu,& X.Luo,Intemationalization and the Performance of born-global SMEs:The Mediating role of social networks[J] Journal of International Business Studies,2007,38:pp.673-690.
⑤Michael E.Porter,From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,May 1987,pp43-59
⑥David J.Ravenscraff & F.M Scherer,Mergers,Sell-Offs,and Economic Efficiency[M].1987,Washington,DC:Brookings Institution.
⑦PauI M.Healy,aly,Krishna G.Palepee,and Richard S.Ruback,Does Coporate Performance Improve After Mergers?[J].Johm al ofFinancial
Economics,1992,31:pp.135-175.
①R Charan,1998,How Corporate Boards Create Competitive Advantage[M]. San Francisco, Jossey-Bsss; M.Carney,2005, Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,29:249-265;I.Le Breton-Miller &D.Miller,2006,Why do some family business out-compete? Governance, long-term orientations, and sustainable capability[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,30:731-746.
② GJ.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2004, Breakthrough board performance:How to harness your board's intellectual capital[J] Corporate Governance, 4(1):5-23;G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,2007, Can directors impact performance?A case-based test of three theories of corporate governance[J]. Corporate Governance,2007,15(4):585-608. Thomas, Kidd,& Femandez-Araoz,Are you underutilizing your board?[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,48(2)71-76.
③Bhagat,S..Bernard S.Black.The Non-Correlation between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Preformance[J]. Journal of Corporation Law,2002,Vol.27, pp231-273.
④ A.de Miguel,J.Pindado,& C.de la Torre,Ownership Structure and Firm Value:New Evidence form Spain[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2004,25,pp.1199-1207.
⑤R.C.Anderson& D.M Reeb,Board Compossition:Balancing Family Influence in S&P 500 Firms[J]Administrative Science Quarterly, 2004,49,pp.209-237.
⑤L.K.Meulbroek,The Efficiency of Equity-linked Compensation:Understanding the Full Cost of Awarding Executive Stock Options[J]. Financial Management,2001,30(2):pp.5-44.
⑦A.Felo,Ethics Programs,Board Involvement,and Potential Conflicts of Interest in Corporate Governance[J].Journal of Business Ethics,2001,32,205-218.
①白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005,2,pp 81-91。
②Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy[J].Harvard Business Review,57,no.2,March-April,1979,pp.137-145; Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].New York:Free Press,1980,Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, p78-93. John Ketter, James. L.Heskett,曾中,李晓涛译,企业文化与经营业绩[M].华夏出版社,1997,pp.85
① Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M]. Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC, 1979.
②Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].北京：经济管理出版社,2005。
③Lukas B.A.,Tan J.J.HultT.M.,2001,Strategic fit in transitional econornics:the case of China's industry[J]. Journal of Management, 27:pp.409-429.
①Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland,Robert E.Hoskisson,弓巍等译,战略管理：竞争与全球化(概念)[M].机械工业出版社2009,p198。
②中华人民共和国统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,19-17
③中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,2-1。
④中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,10-2。
⑤中华人民共和国统计局网站http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/
①中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,9-14。②中华人民共和国国家统计局,中国统计年鉴(2010),中国统计出版社,20-40。
③中宏产业数据库,http://mcid.macrochina.com.cn
④C.Williams & W.Mitchell,2004,Focusing firm evolution.The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science,5:1561-1575.
①Joe S.Bain,Barriers to New Competition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
②Jean Tirole.张维迎等译,经济科学译丛：产业组织理论[M].1996,中国人民大学出版社,pp.285-288
③中宏产业数据库,http://mcid.macrochina.com.cn:国泰安研究服务中心数据库,http://www.gtadata. com.
④Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008, Vol.86 Issue 1, pp.78-93.
⑤Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J], Strategic Management Joumal.October-December,1981,pp327-43.
①中宏产业数据库,http://mcid.macrochina.com.cn.
②J.B.Barney,Firm Resources and Sustained Carompetitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,17,pp.101-110.
③R.Hall,The Strategic Analysis of Intangible Resources[J].Strategic Management Joumal,1992,13,136-139.
④S.Dutta,O.Narasimhan,& S.Rajiv,Concepetualizing and Measuring Capabilities:Methodology and empirical application[J].Strategic Management Journal,2005,26,277-285.
①Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M].1974. Cambridge,Harvard University Press.
②Jensen,M.,1986, Agency costs of free cash flow, corporate finance, and takeovers[J].American Economic Review 76,pp323-3291.
③ F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification:Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics.1991.pp318.
④王峰娼,邹存良,多元化程度与内部资本市场效率[J].管理世界,2009,4,pp.161.
⑤ Berger P. G,Ofek E.,Diversification effeet on firm value[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1995,37:pp.39-65.
⑥ Larry H. P. Lang and Rene M.Stulz,Tobin's q,Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1994, December,Vol.102,No.6:pp.1248-80.
⑦ David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery,Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M].1992,Harvard Business School Note No.pp.792-804.
①Karim S, Mitchell W.,Path-dependent and pathbreaking change:reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector,1978-1995[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,October/November Special Issue 21:1061-1081.
②H.A.Krishnan & D.Park,The Impact of Workforce Reduction on Subsequent Performance in Major Mergers and Acquisitions:An Exploratory Study[J].Joumal of Business Research,2002,55,4.pp.285-292.
①Datta D.K., Narayan VK, Pinches GE., Factors influencing wealth creation from mergers and acquisitions:a meta-analysis[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,13,1:pp.67-84.
②R.C.Anderson & D.M.Reeb,2004,Board composition:Balacing family influence in S&P 500 firms[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,2004,49:pp.209-237.
①Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J]. Strategic Management Journal.October-December,19813pp327-43.
① M.A.Hitt & R.D.Ireland,The essence of strategic leadership:Managing human and social capital[J].Joumal of Leadership and Organization Studies,2002,9,1:pp.3-14.
①R.A.Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J].Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp379-94.
②S.W.Geiger& L.H.Cashen,2007,Organizational size and CEO compensation:The moderating effect of diversification in downscoping organizations[J]. Journal of Managerial Issues,2007,9,2:233-252.
③ L.Nachum,The impact of home countries on the competitiveness of advertising TNCs[J].Management International Review,2001,41,1: pp.77-98.
①白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005,2,pp.81-91。
①Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland & Robert E.Hoskisson著,吕巍译,战略管理_竞争与全球化(概念)(第8版)[M].北京：机械工业出版,2009
[1]A.D.F.Penalva, Governance structure and the weighting of performance measures in CEO compensation[J].Review of Accountign Studies,2006,11:pp.463-493.
[2]Aguilar, F. J. Scanning the business environment[M].1967,New York, NY:McMillan.
[3]Aldrich, H. and J. Pfeffer.,Environments of Organizations[A]. In A. Inkeles (Ed.), Annual Review of Sociology (Vol.4)[C]. Palo Alto, Cal.:Annual Review, Inc.,1976, pp.79-105.
[4]Aldrich, H.E.,Organizations and Environments[M].1979,Englewood Cliffs. NJ:Prentice-Hall. NJ. New Edition Published in Chapel Hill, NC.
[5]Aldrich,H.E., Organizations Evolving[M].1999,London:SAGE Publications.
[6]Alferd D.Chandler,Strategy and Structure [M].1962,Cambridge,MA:MIT Press.
[7]A.M.McGahan, Competition,Strategy and Business Performance[J].California Management Review,1999,41 (3):pp.74-101.
[8]A.M.McGahan & M.E., Porter, How much does Industry matter,Really? [J].Strategic Management Journal,1997,18,pp.15-30.
[9]Andrews, K.R. Ricgard D.Lrwin,inc,The Concept of Corporate Strategy[M].1980, Homewood, Irllinois.
[10]Anand M. Vijh & Tim Loughran, Do Long-Term Shareholders Benefit From Corporate Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Financial Economics,1997,52,2:pp.12-34.
[11]Anup Agrawal, Jeffrey F.Jaffe, Gershon N. Mandelker,The Post-Merger Performance of Acquiring Firms:A Re-examination of an Anomaly[J]. Journal of Finance,1992,4:pp.1605-21.
[12]A.S.Cui, D.A.Griffith, S.T.Cavusgil,&M.Dabic, The influence of market and cultural environmental factors on technology transfer between foreign MNCs and local subsidiaries:A Croatian illustration[J]. Journal of World Business,2006,41:pp.100-111.
[13]A.Seth & H.Thomas, Theories of the Firm:Implications for Strategy Reasearch[J].Journal of Management Studies,1994,3:pp.1165-191.
[14]Ariel Markelevich,Examining the Performance of Corporate Acquisitions Based on the Motive for the Acquisition[J].National Bureau of Economic Research,2004,5:pp.1-48.
[15]Bain,Joe S.,Barriers to New Competition[M].1956,Cambridge:Harvard University Press.
[16]Barney J B.,Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage[J]. Journal of Management,1991,Vol.17, No.1:pp.99-120.Barney, J.B,Strategic factor markets:Expectations, luck and business strategy[J].Management Science,1986.32,10:pp.1231-1241.
[17]Barr,P.S,Adapting to unfamiliar environmental events:a look at the evolution of interpretation and its role in strategic change[J].Organization Science,1998,9:pp.644-669.
[18]Baum, Joel. A. C./Singh J. V.,Evolutionary Dynamics of Organization[M].1994,Oxford University Press.
[19]Berger, P. L., and T. Luckmann, The social construction of reality:A treatise on the sociology of knowledge[M].1967,1991 edition ed.England:Penguin Books.
[20]Bhagat,S.,Bernard S.Black.The Non-Correlation between Board Independence and Long-Term Firm Preform an ce[J] Journal of Corporation Law,2002,Vol.27, pp.231-273
[21]Blau, P. M., Exchange and Power in Social Life[M].1964,New York:John Wiley and Sons.
[22]Blau, P. M./Schoenherr, R.:The Structure of Organizations[M].1971,Basic Books, New York, passim.
[23]B.L.Kirkman,K.B.Lowe,& C.B.Gibson,A quarter of a century of culture's consequences:A review old empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework[J].Journal of International Business,2006,37,pp.285-320.
[24]Bluedorn, Allen C.,Pilgrim's Progress:trends and convergence in research on organizational size and environments [J] Journal of management,1993,19,pp.163-168.
[25]Boulding, Kenneth E.,The Organizational Revolution[M].1953,Harper & Row New York.
[26]Brittain, J. W./Freeman, J. H. Organizational Proliferation and Density dependent Selection[A]. In:Kimberley, J.R./Miles, R.H. (eds.):the Organizational life Cycle[C].1980,Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, pp.291-338.
[27]Burns,T./Stalker, G.M.,The Management of Innovation[M].1961,Tavistock Publications, London.
[28]Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan.Using Institutional Theory in Studying Organizational Populations [J]. American Sociological Review.1989,54:pp.545-548..
[29]Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan., Organizations in Industry:Strategy,Structre and Selection[M].1995,New York:Oxford University Press.
[30]Carroll, Glenn R. and Michael T. Hannan,The Demography of Corporations and Industries [M].2000,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[31]Casciaro,Tiziana;Piskorski,Mikotaj Jan, Power Imbalance, Mutual Dependence, and Constraint Absorption:A Closer Look at Resource Dependence Theory[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,2005 Jun, Vol.50 Issue2, pp.167-199.
[32]C.A.Montgomery, B.Wernerfelt,Diversification,Ricardian Rents,and Tobin's Q[J].RAND Journal of Economics,1988, pp.623-632.
[33]Chamberlain, Edward H.,The Theory of Monopolistic Competition[M].1933, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
[34]Chester I.Barnard,经理的职能,孙耀君译[M].1998,北京：中国社会科学出版社.
[35]Child, John, Organizational Structure, Environment and Performance:the Role of Strategic Choice[J]. Sociology,1972, Vol 6,1,pp.1-22.
[36]Child, J.,predicting and Understanding Organizational Structure[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1973,18,pp.168-185.
[37]Clark, P. B./Wilson, J. Q.Incentive Systems:A Theory of Organizations[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1961,6, pp.129-166.
[38]C.K.Prahalad and G.Hamel,The Core Competence of the Corporation[J].Harvard Business Review,1990,M ay-June,3,pp.79-93.
[39]C.W.L.Hill & F.T.Rothaermel, The Performance of Incumbent Firms in the Face of Radical Technological Innovation[J]. Academy of Management Review.,2003,28,pp.257-274.
[40]C.Williams & W.Mitchell,Focusing firm evolution:The impact of information infrastructure on market entry by U.S. telecommunications companies,1984-1998[J]. Management Science, 2004,Vol.50,No.11:1561-1575.
[41]Datta DK, Narayan VK, Pinches GE.,Factors influencing wealth creation from mergers and acquisitions:a meta-analysis[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1992,131:pp.67-84.
[42]David B.Jernison,The Importance of Boundary Spanning Roles in Strategic Decision Making[J] Journal of Management Studies,1984,21,pp.131-152.
[43]David J.Collis and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,王永贵,杨永恒等译,公司战略:基于资源 观[M].2006机械工业出版社.
[44]David J.Collis,and, Cynthia A.Montgomery, Resources:The Essence of Corporate Advantage[M].1992,Harvard Business School Note No.pp.792-804.
[45]David J.Collis & Cynthia A.Montgomery, Competing on resources:strategy in the 1990s[J].Harvard Business Review,1995,July-August,pp.118-128.
[46]David J.Collis,and,A.Cynthia Montgomery,Corporate Strategy:A Resource-Based Approach[M].2005,2th ed, New york:The McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc..
[47]David Ulrich and Jay B. Barney, Perspectives in Organizations:Resource Dependence,Efficiency,and Population[J].Academy of Management Review,1984(9), pp.471-81.
[48]Davis, Keith/Newstrom, John W. (1985):Human Behavior at Work:Organizational Behavior[M].,1985,McGraw-Hill, New York, S., pp.67-154
[49]Desarbo W.S,Di BenedettoC.A,SongM,Sinha I.Revisiting tyhe Miles and Snow Strategic Framework:uncovering interrelatonships between strategeic types,Capabilities,environmental uncertainty,and firm performance[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2005,26:pp.47-74.
[50]D.Finegold, E.E.Lawler Ⅲ,&J.Conger,Building a better board[J]. Journal of Business Strategy,2001,22,6:pp.33-37.
[51]Diericky L,Cool K.,Asset stock accumulation and the sustainability of competitive advantage[J]. Management Science,1989,35,pp.1504-1511.
[52]Dill, W. R., Environment as an influence on managerial autonomy[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1958,3,pp.409-443.
[53]Dixon J.R., Nanni, A.J. and Vollman, T.E.:The New Performance Challenge:Measuring Operations for World Class Competition[M].1990, Illinois:Business One Irwin.
[54]D.J.Lecraw,Diversification Strategy Performance[J]. Journal of Industrial Economics. 1984,December,pp.179-98.
[55]Donald R. Fraser, Hao Zhang. Mergers and Long-Term Corporate Performance:Evidence from Cross-Border Bank Acquisitions[J]. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,2009,4:pp.1503-13.
[56]Donald T. Campbell,Blind Variation and Selective Retention in Creative Thought as in Other Knowledge Processes[J].Psychology Review,1960,67,pp.380-400.
[57]D.S.Pugh, D.J.Hickson,C.R.Hinings,C.Turner,Dimensions of Organnization Structure[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1968,13,pp.65-91. D.S.Pugh,彭和平,杨小工译,组织理论精萃[M].北京：中国人民大学出版社,1990。
[58]D.T.Teece,G.Pisano,and A.Shuen,Dynamic Capabilities and Strategic Managemen[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1997,Vol.18,No7,August,pp.509-533.
[59]Duncan, R. B., Characteristics of organizational environments and perceived environmental uncertainty[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17(3),pp.313-327.
[60]Edward S.Mason,The Current State of the Monopoly Problemin the United States[J].Harvard Law Review,1949,(6),62:pp.1265-1285.
[61]Emerson, R. M., Power-dependence relations [J].American Sociological Review, 1962,27:pp.31-41.
[62]Emery, F.E.& Trist, E.L., The Causal Texture of Organizational Environments[J]. Human Relations,1965,18:pp.21-32.
[63]E.P.Learned,C.Roland Christensen,and Kenneth Andrews, Business Policy:Text and Cases,[M].1965,New york:Burr Ridge,IL:Irwin.
[64]E.T.Penrose,The theory of the growth of the firm[M].1959,New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc.
[65]F.J.Acedo,C.Barroso & J.L.Galan,The Resource-Based Theory:Dissemination and Main Trends[J].Strategic Management Journal,2006,27,pp.621-636.
[66]F.J.Milliken, Three Types of Perceived Uncertainty about the Rnvironment:State,Effect, and Response Uncertainty[J].Academy of Management Review,1987,12:pp.133-143.
[67]F.M.Gollop and J.Monahan,A Generalized Index of Diversification:Trends in U.S.Manufacturing[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics,1991,p.318.
[68]Forte M.,Hoffman J.J.,Lamont B.T.,Brockman E.N., Organizational form and environment:an analysis of between-form and within-form responses to environment change[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,21:pp.753-773.
[69]F.T.Rothaermel,M.A.Hitt & L.Jobe, Balancing Vertical Integration and Strategic Outsourcing:Effects on Product Portfolio, Product success,and firm Performance[J].Journal of Management,2006,27:pp.1033-1056.
[70]Galbraith, J., Designing Complex Organizations[M].1973,Addison- Wesley, Reading.
[71]Geser, Hans, Toward an Interaction Theory of Organizational Actors[J].Organization Studies,1992,13:pp.429-451.
[72]G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel,Breakthrough board performance:How to harness your board's intellectual capital[J].Corporate Governance,2004,41:pp.5-21.
[73]G.J.Nicholson & G.C.Kiel, Can directors impact performance?A case-based test of three theories of corporate governance[J].Corporate Governance,2007,15,4:pp.585-608.
[74]Grant R M.,The Resource-based theory of competitive advantage:implications for strategy formulation[J]. California Management Review,1991,33,3:pp.114-135.
[75]Hannan M T, Freeman J H.,The population ecology of organizations[J].American Journal of Sociology,1977,82:pp.929-964.
[76]Hannan, M.T. and J. Freeman,Organizational Ecology[M].1989, Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press.
[77]Hannan, Michael T., Glenn R. Carroll, Dynamics of Organizational Populations:Density, Legitimation, and Competition[M].1992,New York:Oxford University Press.
[78]Hannan,Michael T.Ecologies of Organizations Diversity and Identity[J] Journal of Economic Perspectives,2005,Vol.19,Number 1, Winter, pp.51-70.
[79]Hansen, G. S., and B. Wernerfelt.,Determinants of Firm Performance:The Relative Importance of Economic and Organizational Factors[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1989,10:pp.399-411.
[80]Haveman.H.A.Between a rock and Hard place:Organizational Change and Performance under Conditions of Fundamental Environmental transformation[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1992,37:pp.48-75.
[81]Hawley, A. H.,Human ecology:A Theory of Community Structure[M].,1986, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
[82]Hayes, R.and K. Clark, Exploring the Sources of Productivity Differences at the Factory Level[A].(in K. Clark et al. (eds.), The Uneasy Alliance:Managing the Productivity-Technology Dilemma[C],1985, Boston, Mass.:HBs Press.
[83]Hicks H.G.,The Management of Organization[M].,1965,Mc Graw-Hill.
[84]Hickson D. J.,A Convergence in Organization Theory[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1966,11:pp.224-37.
[85]H.Igor Ansoff,Corporate Strategy:An Analytic Approoch to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion [M].1965,New York:McGraw-Hill.
[86]Howard Aldrich,Bill Mckelvey and David Ulrich,Design Strategy from the Population Perspective[J]. Journal of Management,1984,10:pp.67-86.
[87]Howard E. Aldrich, Organizations and Environments[M].,1979,2007,Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
[88]Ian Worthington and Chris Britton,徐磊等译,4版,企业环境,[M].,2005,北京：经济管理出版社.
[89]J.A.Schmidt, Business perspective on mergers and acquisitions[A]. in J.A.Schmidt(ed.), Making Mergers Work[C].2002,,Alexandria, VA:Society for Human Resource Management.
[90]Jacobson, R.,The Persistence of Abnormal Returns[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1988,9:pp.41-58.
[91]Jaeyong Song, Firm Capabilities and technology ladders:Sequential Foreign Direct Investments of Japanese Electronics Firms in East Asia[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2002,23: 3,pp.199-210.
[92]James C.Collins, Jerrv I.Porras,刘国远等译,企业不败[M].1996,北京:新华出版社。
[93]James D.Thompson, Organizations in Action:Social Science Bases of Administrative Theory[M].,1967, New York:McGraw-HILL Companies.
[94]James Moore,The Death of Competition:Leadership and Strategy in the Age of Business Ecosystems [M].,1996,New York,Harper Collins.
[95]James P. Guthrie, Curtis M. Grimm, Ken G. Smith, Environmental change and management staffing:an empirical study[J]. Journal of Management,1991,12:pp.753-48.
[96]Jay W. Lorsch,Introduction to the Structural Design of Organizations[A].in Gene W.Dalton,Paul R. Lawrence and Jay W. Lorsch,eds Organizational Structure and Design[C].1970,Homewood. Ⅲ.:Irwin and Dorsey,pp.5-10.
[97]Jay W.Lorsch & Paul R.Lawrence, Organization Planning:Cases and Conepts [M].1972,Homewood, Ⅲ:Irwin and Dorsey.
[98]Jean-Paul Larcon,赵纯均,中国跨国企业研究[M].2009,机械工业出版社。
[99]Jeffrey Pfeffer,Merger as a Response to Organizational Interdependence [J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1972,17, pp.382-394.
[100]Jeffrey Pfeffer, and A. Leong,Resource allocation in United Funds:Examination of power and dependence[J]. Social Forces,1977,55:pp.775-790.
[101]Jeffrey Pfeffer,The Micropolitics of Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, Marshall W. (ed.) Environments and Organizations[C],1978,Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series,pp.29-50.
[102]Jeffrey Pfeffer and Salancik, G. R.The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].1978,New York:Harper & Row.
[103]Jeffrey Pfeffer, Power in Organizations[M].1981, Marshfield, Mass.:Pitman.
[104]Jeffrey Pfeffer,Population Ecology[A].in Organizations and Organization Theory[C]. 1982,Cambridge, Massachusetts:Ballinger Publishing Company, pp.180-192.
[105]Jitendra Singh, Organizational Evolution:New Directions [M].1990,Sage Publications, Inc.
[106]John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan.,Structural Inertia and Organizational Change [J].American Sociological Review,1984,Vol.49, No.2.pp.149-64.
[107]John Freeman; Michael T. Hannan. Niche Width and the Dynamics of Organizational Populations [J]. The American Journal of Sociology,1983, May,Vol.88, No.6.,pp.1116-45.
[108]John P.Kotter,Managing External Dependence [J].Academy of Management Review,1979,4,pp.87-92.
[109]John Ketter, James. L.Heskett,曾中,李晓涛译,企业文化与经营业绩[M].1997,华夏出版社,p.85
[110]Jones,G.R.,George,J.M.and Hill,C.W.L.,李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].2003,北京：人民邮电出版社.
[111]J.R.Hough & M.A.White, Environmental Dynamism and Strategic Decision-making rationality:An examination at the decision level[J].Strategic Management Journal,2003,24:pp.481-489.
[112]Judith A.Babcock, Organizational Responses to Resource Scarcity and Munificence:Adaptation and Modification in Colleges within a University[M].1981,Ph.D.diss, Pennsylvania State University.
[113]Kamoche, Ken/Pina e Cunha Miguel, Minimal Structures:from Jazz Improvisation to Product Innovation[J]. Organization Studies,2001,22/5, pp.733-764.
[114]Kanter, R. M. Power failure in management circuits[J].Harvard Business Review,1979, 57,4:pp.65-75.
[115]Kaplan, R.S. and Norton, D.P.,The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance[J]. Harvard Business Review,1992, 1:pp70-79.
[116]Karim S, Mitchell W.,Path-dependent and pathbreaking change:reconfiguring business resources following acquisitions in the U.S. medical sector,1978-1995[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2000,October/November, Special Issue 21,pp.1061-1081.
[117]Karl E Weick.Enactment process in organizations [A].In Barry M Staw and Gerald R Salanick,eds.New directions in organizational behavior [C].,1977,Chicago,Illinois:St. Clair Press.
[118]Keegan, W.J.,The Acquisition of Global Information[J].Information Management Review,1968,8,1:pp.54-56.
[119]K.H.Heimeriks & GDuysters, Alliance Capability as a Mediator between Experience and Alliance Performance:An Empirical Investigation into the Alliance Capability Development Process[J]. Journal of Management Studies,2007,Vol.44,pp.25-29.
[120]Kieser, A./Kubicek, H.,Organisation[M].,1983,Walter de Gruyter, Berlin/New York (2. Auf.).
[121]Kurt Christensen and C.A.Montgomery,Corporate Economic Performance:Diversification Strategy versus Market Structure[J].Strategic Management Journal.October-December,1981,pp.327-43.
[122]K.Weick, The Social Psychology Of Organizing[M].,1979,2d ed. (Reading, Mass.:Addison-Wesley.
[123]Larry H. P. Lang and Rene M.Stulz,Tobin's q,Corporate Diversification,and Firm Performance[J].The Journal of Political Economy,1994, December,Vol.102,No.6:pp.1248-80.
[124]Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Differentiation and Integration in Complex Organizations[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1967,January,12,pp.1-47.
[125]Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W., Organization and Environment:Managing Differentiation and Integration[M].,1967,Boston:Division of Research, Graduate School of Business Administration, Harvard University.
[126]Lawrence, P.R.& Lorsch, J.W.,Organization and Environment[M].,1969,Homewood III.: Irwin.
[127]Lukas B.A.,Tan J.J.,Hult T.M., Strategic fit in transitional economics:the case of China's industry[J]. Journal of Management,2001,27,pp.409-29.
[128]MacArthur, Robert H. Geographical Ecology:Patterns in the Distribution of Species[M].,1972,Princeton:Princeton University Press.
[129]Mahmud Hassan, Dilip K. Patro, Howard Tuckman, Xiaoli Wang,The Long Term Performance of Merger and Acquisition in Pharmaceutical Industry[J].International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing,2007,1:pp.58-78.
[130]Malcolm Warner,韦福祥译,管理思想全书[M].2009,北京：人民邮电出版社。
[131]Marshall A.,Principle of Economics[M].1925,London:Macmillan.
[132]Marshall W.Meyer,Environments and Organizations[C].1978,Jossey-Bass San Francisco and Behavioral science series.
[133]Marshall, Colin.Flat, not Flatulent[J].Management Today,1990,. April, pp.5.
[134]Mather, H.,Competitive Manufacturing[R]. Prentice Hall Business and Professional Division,1989, Eagle Cliffs.
[135]Matraves, C. and P. Rodriguez. Profitability, Diversification, and Multinational in Leading German and UK Firms[J]. International Journal of Business and Economics,2005,4,2:pp.87-105.
[136]Meyer AD, Brooks GR, Goes JB. Environmental jolts and industry revolutions: organizational responses to discontinuous change[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1990,Summer special Issue 11:pp.93-110.
[137]Meyer, J. W./Rowan, B.,The Structure of Educational Organizations[A]. In:Meyer, M.W. (eds.):Environments and Organizations[C],1978,Jossey-Bass, San Francisco,pp.78-109.
[138]Meyer, John W./Rowan, Brian,Institutionalized Organizations:Formal Structure as Myth and Ceremony [J]. American Journal of Sociology,1977,83, pp.340-363.
[139]Meyer, M. W.,Size and the Structure of Organizations:A Causal Analysis[J].American Sociological Review,1972,37, pp.434-441.
[140]Meyer, John W. and Scott, Richard W., With the assistance of Brian Rowan and Terrence E. Deal,Organizational Environments:Ritual and Rationality[M].,1983,Beverly Hills:CA, Sage.
[141]Michael A.Hitt,R.Duane Ireland,Robert E.Hoskisson,吕巍等译,战略管理：竞争与全球化(概念)[M].2009,机械工业出版社,p.198。
[142]Michael E. Porter, How Competitive Forces Shape Strategy [J].Harvard Business Review, March-April,1979,57,no.2, pp.137-145.
[143]Michael E. Porter, Competitive Strategy[M].1980,New York:Free Press.
[144]Michael E. Porter,From Competitive Advantage to Corporate Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, May 1987,pp.43-59.
[145]Michael E. Porter, The Five Competitive Forces that Shape Strategy[J]. Harvard Business Review, Jan,2008,Vol.86 Issue 1, pp.78-93.
[146]Miles, R.E., Snow, C.C. Organizational Strategy, Structure and Process[M].1978,McGraw-Hill, New York, NY,.
[147]Miles, Robert H., Managing the Corporate Social Environment[M].1987,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
[148]Mintzberg, H., Power in and around Organizations [M].1983,NJ:Prentice-Hall.
[149]MinzbergH.等著,战略历程：纵览战略管理学派[M].2002,机械工业出版社.
[150]M.S.Schwartz, T.W.Dunfee,&M.J.Kline, Tone at the top:An ethics code for directors? [J].Journal of Business Ethics,2005,58:pp.79-100.
[151]M.W.peng, Outside directors and firm performance during institutional transitions[J]. Strategic Management Journal,2004,25:pp.453-471.
[152]Richard Robinson Nelson, Sidney G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change[M].1982, The Belknap Press of Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts and London,England.
[153]Ouchi, W.G.,The Relationship between Organizational Structure and Organizational Control[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1977,22, pp.95-113.
[154]Ouchi, W.G./Maguire, M. A.,Organizational Control:Two Functions[J].Administrative Science Quarterly,1975,20, pp.559-569.
[155]Packalen,K.Complementing Capital:The Role of Status,Demographic Features,and Social Capital in Founding Teams Abilities to Obtain Resources[J].Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice,2007,31,6,pp.873-91.
[156]Parsons,Talcott, Structure and Process in Modern Societies[M].1960,New York:The Free Press.
[157]Paul J.DiMaggio& Walter W.Powell, The Iron Cage Revisited:Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields[J].American Sociological Review,1983,Vol.48, No.2,pp.147-160.
[158]Penrose, E.T.,The theory of the growth of the firm[M].1959.New York:John Wiley & Sons Inc, pp.88-152.
[159]Peter Michael Blau& W. R. Scott.,Formal Organizations:A Comparative Approach[M]. 1962,San Francisco:Chandler, pp.194-221.
[160]Pfeffer, J. and Salancik, G. R.,The External Control of Organizations:A Resource Dependence Perspective[M].1978,New York:Harper &Row.
[161]Powell, Gary N.,The Simultaneous Pursuit of Person-Organization Fit and Diversity[J].Organizational Dynamics,1998,26:pp.1-11.
[162]Presthus, R.V., The social bases of bureaucratic organization[J].Social Forces,1959,Vol.38 No.2.pp.103-109.
[163]Presthus, R.V., Weberian vs welfare bureaucracy in traditional society[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1961, Vol.6 No.1, pp.1-24.
[164]P.Rajan Varadarajan and V.Ramanujam, Diversification and Performance:A Reexamination Using a New Two-Dimensional Conceptualization of Diversity in Firms[J]. Academy of Management Journal,1987,6,pp.380-393.
[165]R.A.Bettis, Performance Differences in Related and Unrelated Diversified Firms[J]. Strategic Management Journal.1981,pp.379-94.
[166]R.A.D'Aveni, Coping with hypercompetition:Utilizing the new 7S's framework[J].Academy of Management Executive,1995,9,3:pp.32-46.
[167]R.C.Anderson & D.M.Reeb, Board composition:Balacing family influence in S&P 500 firms[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,2004,49:pp.209-237.
[168]R.Charan, How Corporate Boards Create Competitive Advantage[M].1998,San Francisco, Jossey-Bsss.
[169]R.E. Hoskisson,M.A.Hitt, William.P.Wan & Daphne W. Yiu, Swings of a Pendulum:Theory and Research in Strategic Management[J]. Journal of Management,1999.25:pp.417-456.
[170]Richard L. Daft, Essentials of Organization Theory and Design[M].,1998,South-Western College Publishing.
[171]Richard L.Daft,李维安等译,组织理论与设计精要[M].1999,机械工业出版社.
[172]Richard Rumelt, Strategy,Structure,and Economic Performance[M].1974. Cambridge,Harvard University Press.
[173]Richard P. Rumelt, Towards a strategic theory of the firm[A]. In R. B. Lamb (Ed.), Competitive strategic management[C].1984,Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall.
[174]Richard P.Rumelt,How Much Does Industry Matter?[J].Strategic Management Journal, 1991,12:pp.167-85.
[175]R. Miles, Macro Organization Behavior [M].1980,Santa Monica, Calif.:Goodyear.
[176]Robbins, St. P.,Organization Theory, Structure, Design and Applications[M].1983,Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. pp.54-84;pp.103-123.
[177]Robert Lensink, Iryna Maslennikova,Value Performance of European Bank Acquisitions[J].Applied Financial Economics,2008,18:pp.185-189.
[178]R.P.Wright, Top managers'strategic cognitions of the strategy making process:Differences between high and low performing firms[J]. Journal of General Management,2004,30, 1:pp.61-78.
[179]Scott, L. Newbert, Empirical Research on the Resource-Based View of the Firm:An Assessment and Suggestions for Future Research[J].Strategic Management Journal,2007,Vol.28, No.2, pp.121-146.
[180]Selznick, P.,TVA and the Grass Roots:A Study in the Sociology of Formal Organization [M].1949, Berkeley:University of California Press.
[181]Selznick, P.,Leadership in Administration, A Sociological Interpretation[M].1957,New York:Harper & Row.
[182]Shortell, Stephen M.,The Role of Environment in a Configurational Theory of Organizations[J].Human Relations,1977,30, pp.275-302. [183] Snow,C.C.and G.Hrebiniak, Strategy,Distinctive Competence and Organizational Performance[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly,1980,25,No.2,pp.317-336.
[184]Stinchcombe, in James.March, ed., Handbook of Organizations[J].Chicago:Rand Mcnally,1965,p.142.
[185]Thomas J.Peters,Robert H. Waterman, Jr,管维立译,寻求优势--美国最成功公司的经验[M].1985中国财政经济出版社。
[186]Thomas, Kidd,& Fernandez-Araoz, Are you underutilizing your board?[J].MIT Sloan Management Review,2007,48,2:pp.71-76.
[187]Thompson, J.D.& McEwen, W.J., Organizational Goals and Environment:Goal Setting as an Interaction Process[J].American Sociological Review,1958,23, pp.23-31.
[188]Thompson, James D.,Organizations in Action[M].1967,McGraw-Hill, New York.
[189]T.J.Peters and R.H.Waterman,Jr.,In Search of Excellence[M].1982,New York:Warner Books.
[190]Tom Burns and G.M. Stalker, The Management of Innovation[M].1961,London:Tavistock.
[191]Trist E.,A concep t of Organizational Ecology[J]. Australian Journal of Management,1976, 2:pp.161-176.
[192]V.K.Garg,B.A.A.Walters & R.L.Priem, Chief Executive Scanning emphases,enviromental dynamism and Manufacturing firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal, 2003,24:pp.725-744.
[193]Wernerfelt B. A resource-based view of the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal,1984,5,2:pp.171-180.
[194]Whittington,R.(1988),Environmental structure and theories of strategic choice[J] Journal of Management Studies,1988,25,pp.521-536.
[195]Whisler, Th. L./Meyer, H./Baum, B. H./Sorensen, P. F.,Centralization of Organizational Control:An Empirical Study of its Measurement[J].Journal of Business,1967,40:pp.10-26.
[196]Whittington,R.,Environmental structure and theories of strategic choice[J].Journal of Management Studies,1988,25,pp.521-36.
[197]William P. Wan and Daphne W. Yiu, From Crisis to Opportunity:Environmental Jolt, Corporate Acquisitions, and Firm Performance[J].Strategic Management Journal,2009,Vol.30, No. 7:pp.791-801.
[198]Williamson, O. E., Markets and Hierarchies[M].1975,New York:Free Press.
[199]Williamson, O. E.,& Ouchi, W. G. The markets and hierarchies and visible hand perspectives:The markets and hierarchies program of research:Origins, implication, prospects[A]. In A. Van de Ven & J. Joyce, Perspectives on organization design and behavior[C].1981,New York: Wiley,pp.347-370.
[200]W.Richard Scott, Organizations:Rational, Natural and Open Systems[M].1982,EngIewood Cliffs, N.J.:Prentice-Hall.
[201]W.Richard Scott,Institutions and Organizations[M].2001,2nd ed. Thousand Oaks:Sage.
[202]W.Richard Scott,Reflections on a Half-Century of Organizational Sociology[J]. Annual Review of Sociology,2004,No.30,pp.1-21.
[203]W.Richard Scott,李国武摘译,对组织社会学50年来发展的反思[J].国外社会科学,2006,1,pp.7-14.
[1]安景玲,齐二石,李中阳,李钢,基于资源与能力的竞争力理论研究综述[J].天津大学学报(社会科学版),2003,10,336-340。
[2]白重恩、刘俏、陆洲、宋敏、张俊喜,中国上市公司治理结构的实证研究[J].经济研究,2005,2,pp.81-91。
[3]陈国权,王斌,陈玉祥,而向可持续发展的企业环境分析与经营管理框架[J].清华大学学报,(哲学社会科学版),1998,4,pp.59-66。
[4]陈国权,组织与环境的关系及组织学习[J].管理科学学报,2001,5,pp.39-49。
[5]邓伟根,产业经济学研究[M].2001,北京：经济管理出版社。
[6]费显政,组织与环境的关系—不同学派述评与比较[J].国外社会科学,2006,3.pp.15-21。
[7]胡莎,企业国际化对经营绩效的影响_我国制造业上市公司的实证研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2006。
[8]黄旭、史锐,制造业上市公司并购——绩效分析与政策建议[J].财经科学,2007,11,pp.41-47。
[9]加雷恩·琼斯,珍妮弗·乔治,查尔斯·希尔,李建伟等译,当代管理学[M].2003,北京：人民邮电出版社,pp.28-40。
[10]姜付秀,刘志彪,陆正飞,多元化经营_企业价值与收益波动研究_以中国上市公司为例的实证研究[J].财经问题研究,2006,11,pp.27-35。
[11]李涛、王晓蓓、王超,企业科研投入与经营绩效的实证研究_信息业与制造业上市公司的比较[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2008,7,pp.170-174。
[12]李陶,我国制造业上市公司企业绩效的影响因素研究[D].上海：复旦大学,2009。
[13]李晓明,战略视角下的企业环境理论综述[J].生产力研究,2009,4,pp.170-172。
[14]梁磊,中外组织生态学研究的比较分析[J].管理评论,2004,3,pp.51-57。
[15]梁磊、邢欣,产业组织研究基于组织生态学的最新进展[J].经济理论与经济管理,2004,1,pp.64-69。
[16]刘延平,企业环境与国际竞争力[J].辽宁大学学报,1995,5,pp.86-88。
[17]罗珉,战略选择论的起源、发展与复杂性范式[J].外国经济.与管理,2006,1,pp.9-16。
[18]罗珉,李永强,协作网络下的组织环境理论综述[J].电子科技大学学报社科版,2003,5,3,pp.29-32。
[19]罗珉,组织理论的新发展—种群生态学理论的贡献[J].外国经济与管理,2001,10, pp.34-37.
[20]罗珉,管理理论的新发展[M].2003,成都：西南财经大学出版社。
[21]马海燕,谭力文,国际化能提升企业绩效吗?基于中国纺织服装上市公司的实证[J].企业管理,2010,10,pp.149-154。
[22]马红岩,中国制造业上市公司多元化程度与经营业绩的实证研究[D].陕西：西北大学,2009。
[23]马迎贤,资源依赖理论的发展和贡献评析[J].甘肃社会科学,2005,1：pp.116-119。
[24]彭璧玉,李熙,生态学视角的产业组织成长理论研究[J].经济评论,2009,1：pp.147-153。
[25]彭璧玉,组织生态学理论理论述评[J].经济学家,2006(5),pp.11 l-117。
[26]彭璧玉,组织种群演化理论述评[J].经济评论,2007,5,pp.156-160。
[27]彭璧玉,夏申,生态学视角的组织死亡理论研究[J].当代经济研究,2005,8,pp.21-26。
[28]邱泽奇,在工厂化和网络化的背后—组织理论的发展与困境[J].社会学研究,1999,4：pp.2-25。
[29]任海云、师萍,公司R&D投入与绩效关系的实证研究——基于沪市A股制造业上市公司的数据分析[J].科技进步与对策,2009,24：pp.89-93。
[30]上海市经济和信息化委员会、上海科学技术情报研究所,2009世界制造业重点行业发展动态[M].2010,上海科学技术文献出版社。
[31]苏武康,中国上市公司股权结构与公司绩效_博士论文丛书[M].2003北京：经济科学出版社。
[32]王峰娟,邹存良,多元化程度与内部资本市场效率[J].管理世界,2009,4：pp.153-161。
[33]王伟,基于平衡计分卡的公共组织绩效评价研究[D].天津：天津大学2005。
[34]席酉民,企业外部环境分析[M].2001,北京：高等教育出版社。
[35]席西民等,经济管理基础[M].1998,北京：高等教育出版社。
[36]夏清华,我国企业的国际化战略与绩效[J].中国软科学,2003,7：pp.64-69。
[37]徐兵,中国上市公司绩效评价研究[D].湖南：中南大学,2007。
[38]许德音、周长辉,中国战略管理学研究现状评估[J].管理世界,2004,5,pp.76-87。
[39]许慧珍,信息技术投资_战略取向与企业绩效的关系研究[D].广东：汕头大学,2005。
[40]薛有志,周杰,产品多元化、国际化与公司绩效_来自中国制造业上市公司的经验证据[J].南开管理评论,2007,10,3：pp.77-86。
[41]杨丁元,陈慧玲,业竞天择：高科技产业生态[M].1999,航空上业出版社。
[42]杨洁,竞争强度、资本结构与企业业绩的关系研究——基于制造业上市公司数据的实证分析[D].江苏：江苏大学,2009。
[43]杨一民,企业与环境关系的系统学思考[J].生产力研究,1996,2：pp.64-68。
[44]杨忠,张骁,企业国际化程度与绩效关系研究[J].经济研究,2009,2：pp.32-41。
[45]张洪恩、宁宣熙,上市公司综合评价中的因子简并法[J].经济问题,2008,3：pp.69-70。
[46]张光明,赵锡斌,企业与环境相互作用机理研究[J].科技与管理2005,6,pp.10-12。
[47]赵锡斌,费显政,非均衡性分析：企业环境研究的新视角[J].经济与管理研究,2004,4：pp.52-56。
[48]赵锡斌,夏频,动态环境中企业选择的压力及对策[J].江汉论坛,2004,05：pp.41-43。
[49]赵锡斌,温兴琦,混沌系统、企业环境与企业可持续发展战略[J].中国人口、资源与环境,2006,2：pp.124-127。
[50]赵锡斌,深化企业环境理论研究的几个问题[J].管理学报,2006,4：pp.379-386。
[51]赵锡斌,企业环境分析与调适----理论与方法[M].2007,中国社会科学出版社。
[52]赵英,王卉平,赵都敏,环境因素对新企业生成的影响研究--组织生态学的观点[J].软科学,2008,2：pp.138-141。
[53]中国产业地图编委会、中国经济景气监测中心、中国财经网络门户编制,中国上市公司产业地图(2007-2008)[M].2008,社会科学文献出版社。
[54]中国社会科学院经济学部,中国经济研究报告(2009-2010)[M].2010,经济管理出版社。
[55]朱国云,组织理论：历史与流派[M].1997,南京：南京大学出版社。