基于资源节约与环境友好的高性能水润滑轴承关键技术研究
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摘要
由于水润滑轴承利用自然水替代矿物油作为机械传动系统的润滑介质,使轴承结构简单,能有效地降低或减少机械传动系统中不可避免的摩擦、磨损、振动、冲击、噪声、无功能耗、可靠性差和寿命较短等问题,特别是避免了因密封泄漏而污染江河湖海水环境的状况,因而得到广泛应用。由于国外在这方面的研究较为保密,而我国在这方面的研究起步较晚,因而国内对水润滑轴承的润滑机理的研究还不完善。基于资源节约与环境友好的高性能水润滑轴承关键技术,涉及机械设计、摩擦学、表面工程、材料学、润滑力学等多学科交叉综合研究内容。制造高速、重载、减振、降噪、高可靠、长寿命和大尺寸的高性能水润滑轴承技术,是国内外迄今为止尚未攻克的难题。因此,从水润滑轴承润滑机理、材料等方面着手研究,对于解决上述问题及推广水润滑轴承的应用,具有重要的理论与工程实用价值。
本文研究来源于自然科学基金项目“高速重载与极端环境下非金属摩擦副的承载与润滑机理”。论文对水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹流润滑进行了数值计算,并结合实验揭示其润滑机理,对水润滑塑料合金轴承材料进行了改性研究,对水润滑轴承的应用进行了研究。研究的主要工作如下:
论文在建立了水润滑塑料合金轴承弹流润滑模型的基础上,详细论述了多重网格算法在其计算过程中的具体应用方法,并编制了程序,对水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹流润滑从一维和二维问题着手进行了数值分析计算,绘出无量纲压力曲线和无量纲膜厚曲线,从理论上揭示了水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹流润滑机理,通过理论计算划分出其在工作范围内混合摩擦区域、部分弹流润滑区域和弹流润滑区域,并结合实验分析摩擦因数在不同载荷、不同转速下的变化规律,对其润滑机理进行了深入研究。应用具体计算算例分析了粘压关系对计算结果的影响,轴承间隙对性能的影响;研究了弹性模量对水润滑塑料合金轴承的性能影响,为制造高比压、大尺寸水润滑轴承的材料选择和材料改性研究提供理论指导。
从材料研究的角度出发,对材料进行了改性研究,在水润滑塑料合金材料中加入纳米氧化锌晶须,通过实验综合比较了加入纳米氧化锌晶须后材料的硫化性能、撕裂强度、扯断强度、扯断伸长率、阿克隆磨耗量、热空气加速老化性能,并通过比较用新材料制成的轴承与原轴承在不同载荷、不同转速下的摩擦因数变化规律,对比分析了纳米氧化锌晶须对材料和轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响。
通过实验研究了水润滑塑料合金轴承的摩擦因数在低速下的变化规律,从而揭示其低速下的润滑机理;通过实验研究其摩擦因数在不同周向安装位置的变化
Water lubrication bearings, using tap water to substitute mineral oil as lubricating medium, making its bearing structure to be simple, and solving a lot of inevitable problems, such as friction, wear, vibration, impact, noise, low reliability, short life etc., specially common bearings have problems such as polluting rivers, lakes and seas because of oil leaking, water lubrication bearings are used widely. Being a secret overseas while emerging late in China, the research on the lubrication mechanism of water lubrication bearings is still imperfect. Nowadays, the calculation examples of the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of water lubrication bearings are sparse so that there are only a few researches on this field. Base on the key technology study of resource-saving and environmental friendly high performance water lubricated bearings is relate to multi-disciplinary crossed integrated research which includes mechanical design, tribology, surface engineering, material science, lubrication mechanics and etc. The technology of high performance water lubricated bearings which is high-speed, over-loading, vibration insulating, noise abatement, high-reliable, long-life, jumbo size is unresolved difficult problem. Study in the fields of water lubricated bearings’lubrication mechanism, material and etc has significant theory and engineering practicality importance to solve mentioned above problems and to improve application of water lubricated bearings.
This work is funded by natural science fund project called‘the lubricant mechanism of non-mental material friction pairs on the condition of high-speed heavy load’. Research on modifying water lubrication bearings' material performance is done in the paper. The EHL of water lubrication is caculated. Combine with experiment, the lubrication mechanism is disclosured, and the research of application of water lubrication bearings is done. The research as follows:
On the basis of establishing EHL model of water lubrication plastic alloy bearings, This paper discusses the application methods of multigrid algorithm in computing process, and composes programs, also carries on calculation to EHL from one-dimension to two-dimension, runs the dimensionless pressure curve and dimensionless film thickness graph, the lubricant mechanism is disclosured in theory. The mixed friction field, the partly EHL field and the EHL field can be distinguished by
本文研究来源于自然科学基金项目“高速重载与极端环境下非金属摩擦副的承载与润滑机理”。论文对水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹流润滑进行了数值计算,并结合实验揭示其润滑机理,对水润滑塑料合金轴承材料进行了改性研究,对水润滑轴承的应用进行了研究。研究的主要工作如下:
论文在建立了水润滑塑料合金轴承弹流润滑模型的基础上,详细论述了多重网格算法在其计算过程中的具体应用方法,并编制了程序,对水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹流润滑从一维和二维问题着手进行了数值分析计算,绘出无量纲压力曲线和无量纲膜厚曲线,从理论上揭示了水润滑塑料合金轴承的弹流润滑机理,通过理论计算划分出其在工作范围内混合摩擦区域、部分弹流润滑区域和弹流润滑区域,并结合实验分析摩擦因数在不同载荷、不同转速下的变化规律,对其润滑机理进行了深入研究。应用具体计算算例分析了粘压关系对计算结果的影响,轴承间隙对性能的影响;研究了弹性模量对水润滑塑料合金轴承的性能影响,为制造高比压、大尺寸水润滑轴承的材料选择和材料改性研究提供理论指导。
从材料研究的角度出发,对材料进行了改性研究,在水润滑塑料合金材料中加入纳米氧化锌晶须,通过实验综合比较了加入纳米氧化锌晶须后材料的硫化性能、撕裂强度、扯断强度、扯断伸长率、阿克隆磨耗量、热空气加速老化性能,并通过比较用新材料制成的轴承与原轴承在不同载荷、不同转速下的摩擦因数变化规律,对比分析了纳米氧化锌晶须对材料和轴承摩擦磨损性能的影响。
通过实验研究了水润滑塑料合金轴承的摩擦因数在低速下的变化规律,从而揭示其低速下的润滑机理;通过实验研究其摩擦因数在不同周向安装位置的变化
Water lubrication bearings, using tap water to substitute mineral oil as lubricating medium, making its bearing structure to be simple, and solving a lot of inevitable problems, such as friction, wear, vibration, impact, noise, low reliability, short life etc., specially common bearings have problems such as polluting rivers, lakes and seas because of oil leaking, water lubrication bearings are used widely. Being a secret overseas while emerging late in China, the research on the lubrication mechanism of water lubrication bearings is still imperfect. Nowadays, the calculation examples of the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) of water lubrication bearings are sparse so that there are only a few researches on this field. Base on the key technology study of resource-saving and environmental friendly high performance water lubricated bearings is relate to multi-disciplinary crossed integrated research which includes mechanical design, tribology, surface engineering, material science, lubrication mechanics and etc. The technology of high performance water lubricated bearings which is high-speed, over-loading, vibration insulating, noise abatement, high-reliable, long-life, jumbo size is unresolved difficult problem. Study in the fields of water lubricated bearings’lubrication mechanism, material and etc has significant theory and engineering practicality importance to solve mentioned above problems and to improve application of water lubricated bearings.
This work is funded by natural science fund project called‘the lubricant mechanism of non-mental material friction pairs on the condition of high-speed heavy load’. Research on modifying water lubrication bearings' material performance is done in the paper. The EHL of water lubrication is caculated. Combine with experiment, the lubrication mechanism is disclosured, and the research of application of water lubrication bearings is done. The research as follows:
On the basis of establishing EHL model of water lubrication plastic alloy bearings, This paper discusses the application methods of multigrid algorithm in computing process, and composes programs, also carries on calculation to EHL from one-dimension to two-dimension, runs the dimensionless pressure curve and dimensionless film thickness graph, the lubricant mechanism is disclosured in theory. The mixed friction field, the partly EHL field and the EHL field can be distinguished by
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