水润滑橡胶合金轴承动态特性分析
摘要
水润滑橡胶合金轴承,是一种能减振、降噪耐磨的特种轴承,由于采用水作润滑剂和橡胶合金材料特殊的物理化学性质,具有了良好的润滑特性和独特的资源节约与环境友好优势,在水下工作环境得到了广泛的使用。随着石油、贵重金属材料价格的上涨及环境的日益恶化,基于资源节约和环境友好的创新设计理论、方法和技术,越来越受到人们的重视。通过轴承动态特性的振动研究,对其进行分析、控制和优化,掌握其结构、材料参数对其运行品质的影响,具有很重要的理论意义和实际价值;为此,本文在参考国内外关于水润滑橡胶轴承研究的重要文献的基础上,应用有限元分析软件对水润滑橡胶合金轴承进行了振动和噪声分析,并给出了水润滑橡胶合金轴承减振降噪的方法。具体研究内容概括如下:
①介绍了水润滑橡胶合金轴承研究现状和发展趋势,从Reddy理论出发,对其振动方程进行了理论推导,为轴承振动分析提供了理论基础。
②建立了水润滑橡胶合金轴承三维实体模型并对各部件划分网格,得到其有限元模型后对其进行模态分析,讨论了橡胶和铜管对模态的影响。
③对轴承进行了谐响应分析和瞬态响应分析,对水润滑橡胶合金轴承铜套、结合面和橡胶层分别进行了分析研究,得到轴承的响应特性和规律。
④改变轴承的材料参数和结构参数对轴承进行固有频率和应力分析,通过对比得到轴承的降振措施,从而为优化轴承结构,改善轴承运行性能和提高轴承的寿命提供工程参考。
⑤利用复特征值理论,对水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统进行了噪声分析,讨论了水润滑橡胶合金轴承不同结构参数对噪声的影响,提出了通过改变其结构参数降低噪声的方法。
本文内容得到国家自然科学基金面上项目“大尺寸高比压水润滑橡胶合金轴承的创新设计理论与方法”(项目编号:50775230)的资助,拟通过上述研究对水润滑橡胶合金轴承的振动特性和噪声研究方法提供新的借鉴。
Water lubricated rubber alloy bearing is one kind of special bearing, which can suppress the vibration, reduce noise, and have wear-resisting property, for the use of water as a lubricant and the special physical and chemical properties of rubber, it has good lubricating properties with the unique advantages of resource saving and environment-friendly property, and it is widely used in the underwater environment. People have pay more and more attention to the innovative design theory, methods and technology, with the oil,precious metal prices goes up and the deteriorating of the environment. By the study the dynamics characteristic of the bearing, including the vibration and noise analysis, we can master the influence the bearing structure and material parameters on the quality of its working, which has important theoretical and practical value. Haven read many important documents on this kind of bearing, the author used finite element analysis software to analyze the vibration and noise of the bearing, and have pointed out the methods for vibration and noise reduction.
①Introduced the study of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing status and development trend, from shell theory of Reddy, the vibration control equation of the bearing has been derived, which have provides a theoretical basis for the bearing vibration analysis.
②The three-dimensional geometric model and finite element model of the bearing have been constructed, based on the modal shape, the influence of the bearing copper shell and inner rubber on the Modal shape are discussed.
③The steady dynamic response and transient response of the bearing are analyzed, by the analysis of the shell copper the inner rubber and the combined layer respectively, the characters of the bearing response are discovered.
④By changing the bearing material and structural parameters ,the bearing steady-state response and transient response have been attained , by which the vibration reduction measures has been proposed.
⑤Using complex eigenvalue theory ,The influence of the structure of the bearing is studied, and the noise reduction measures have been proposed.
This research is funded by the State Natural Sciences Foundation General Projects:“Innovative design theory and method of water lubricated bearing system with large size and high specific pressure(Number:50775230).The paper will provide a reference for study the noise and vibration of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
①介绍了水润滑橡胶合金轴承研究现状和发展趋势,从Reddy理论出发,对其振动方程进行了理论推导,为轴承振动分析提供了理论基础。
②建立了水润滑橡胶合金轴承三维实体模型并对各部件划分网格,得到其有限元模型后对其进行模态分析,讨论了橡胶和铜管对模态的影响。
③对轴承进行了谐响应分析和瞬态响应分析,对水润滑橡胶合金轴承铜套、结合面和橡胶层分别进行了分析研究,得到轴承的响应特性和规律。
④改变轴承的材料参数和结构参数对轴承进行固有频率和应力分析,通过对比得到轴承的降振措施,从而为优化轴承结构,改善轴承运行性能和提高轴承的寿命提供工程参考。
⑤利用复特征值理论,对水润滑橡胶合金轴承系统进行了噪声分析,讨论了水润滑橡胶合金轴承不同结构参数对噪声的影响,提出了通过改变其结构参数降低噪声的方法。
本文内容得到国家自然科学基金面上项目“大尺寸高比压水润滑橡胶合金轴承的创新设计理论与方法”(项目编号:50775230)的资助,拟通过上述研究对水润滑橡胶合金轴承的振动特性和噪声研究方法提供新的借鉴。
Water lubricated rubber alloy bearing is one kind of special bearing, which can suppress the vibration, reduce noise, and have wear-resisting property, for the use of water as a lubricant and the special physical and chemical properties of rubber, it has good lubricating properties with the unique advantages of resource saving and environment-friendly property, and it is widely used in the underwater environment. People have pay more and more attention to the innovative design theory, methods and technology, with the oil,precious metal prices goes up and the deteriorating of the environment. By the study the dynamics characteristic of the bearing, including the vibration and noise analysis, we can master the influence the bearing structure and material parameters on the quality of its working, which has important theoretical and practical value. Haven read many important documents on this kind of bearing, the author used finite element analysis software to analyze the vibration and noise of the bearing, and have pointed out the methods for vibration and noise reduction.
①Introduced the study of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing status and development trend, from shell theory of Reddy, the vibration control equation of the bearing has been derived, which have provides a theoretical basis for the bearing vibration analysis.
②The three-dimensional geometric model and finite element model of the bearing have been constructed, based on the modal shape, the influence of the bearing copper shell and inner rubber on the Modal shape are discussed.
③The steady dynamic response and transient response of the bearing are analyzed, by the analysis of the shell copper the inner rubber and the combined layer respectively, the characters of the bearing response are discovered.
④By changing the bearing material and structural parameters ,the bearing steady-state response and transient response have been attained , by which the vibration reduction measures has been proposed.
⑤Using complex eigenvalue theory ,The influence of the structure of the bearing is studied, and the noise reduction measures have been proposed.
This research is funded by the State Natural Sciences Foundation General Projects:“Innovative design theory and method of water lubricated bearing system with large size and high specific pressure(Number:50775230).The paper will provide a reference for study the noise and vibration of water lubricated rubber alloy bearing.
引文
[1]黄函.长江船舶尾轴水润滑系统的应用研究[C].武汉造船. 1997(4) 4~8,王家序,李太福.用水为润滑介质的摩擦副研究现状与发展趋势.《99全国流体动力与机电一体化技术学术年会》论文专辑. 1999(3~4): 9~10.
[2]王家序,李太福.用水为润滑介质的摩擦副研究现状与发展趋势[C].《99全国流体动力与机电一体化技术学术年会》论文专辑.1999,(3-4):9-10.
[3]王优强,宋玲,李鸿琦等.水润滑橡胶合金轴承设计研究[J].润滑与密封,2003,(2):21-22.
[4]陈战,王家序,秦大同.以水作润滑介质的摩擦副的研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,(3):124-125.
[5]郭力.水润滑轴承研究的进展[J].精密制造与自动化,2007,(1):6-9.
[6]王优强,杨成仁.水润滑橡胶合金轴承研究进展[J].润滑与密封,001,(2):65-67.
[7] ROY L. Orndororff. Water-lubricated rubber bearings, history and new developments. Presented at the Naval Ship Maintenance and Modernization Symposium. New York, USA. 1984 October 3-4.
[8] Nakata. Rubber Bearings Apply for Pumps[J]. Pump information. 1980(1). 28~32.
[9]王家序,王帮长.圆弧槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承[P].中国,ZL200510057180.8,2005.
[10]王家序,田凡等.高性能水润滑机械传动系统[P].中国,ZL200610054131.3,2006.
[11]王国钦.水润滑艉轴承浅析[J].船舶科学技术,2002,24(6):70-72.
[12] M.W. Lesmez, Modal Analysis of Vibrations in Liquid-filled Piping System, PhD, Michigan State University, 1989.
[13]陈战.水润滑轴承的摩擦磨损性能及润滑机理的研究[D].重庆大学. 2003.3.
[14]卢磊.水润滑橡胶合金轴承接触及润滑特性分析[D].重庆大学. 2010.6.
[15] Busse,W.F. and Denton,W.H.,”Water-lubricated Soft-Rubber Bearings”Annual Meeting,The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,(11/30/31),345E. 47th Street, New York, New York 10017.
[16] Fogg, A. and Hunwicks,S.A.,”Some Experiments with Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearings,”Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1937.
[17] Bednar, A.,“Soft Rubber Bearings ,”The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (11/30/48). Published in Rubber Age, May, 1949.
[18] Beatty,J.R. and Cornell,D.H.,”Laboratory Testing Rubber Bearings,”The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (11/18/49).Published in Rubber World, November and December,1949.
[19] Schneider,L.G. and Smith, W.V.,”Lubrication in a Sea-Water Environment,”Naval Engineers Journal, October 1963(Vol.75,No.4,pp.841-854)
[20]雄谷千夫.电机上使用的轴承[J].国外轴承. 1990(6):15~18.
[21]江邦治.关于核泵水润滑轴承的设计[J].水泵技术. 1997 (5):16~19.
[22]闻力生.塑料滑动轴承的新结构及摩擦特性[J].润滑与密封. 1987(3):10~13,
[23]王优强,杨成仁.水润滑橡胶合金轴承研究进展[J].润滑与密封.2001(2):65~67.
[24] Roth F L, Driscoll R L and Holt W L. Frictional properties of rubber[M]. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand, 1942, 28:439.
[25] Cooper R P and Ellis B. The effects of run-in on rubber friction[J]. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1982, 27:4735.
[26] Ellis B. Run-in effects on rubber friction[J]. Wear, 1984, 93:111.
[27]张嗣伟主编,橡胶磨损原理,北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[28]刘大华主编,合成橡胶工业手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.
[29] P.Malekzadeh,M.Farid.Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of thick cylindrical shell resting on two-parameter elastic supports[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2008,655:675
[30] K.P. Soldatos, V.P. Hadjigeorgiou, Three-dimensional solution of the free vibration problem of homogeneous isotropic cylindrical shells and panels, Journal of Sound and Vibration 137 (1990) 369–384.
[31] J.N. Reddy, A generalization of two-dimensional theories of laminated composite plates[J], Communications in Applied Numerical Methods,1987,173:180.
[32]石亦平,周玉蓉,ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[33]李德葆,陆秋海,实验模态分析及其应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2006.
[34]王家序,余江波,田凡,等.水润滑塑料合金轴承数值分析的多重网格法[J].润滑与密封, 2005, 4(7): 62-64.
[35] Singiresu S.Rao,李欣业,机械振动[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[36] .J.E.Ruzicka,Fundamental concepts of vibtation control[J],Sound and Vibration,Vol.5,July 1971,16-22.
[37] Alan D Pierce.Acoustics-An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications,ASA,1989
[38] Norton M.P.Fundamental of noise and vibration analysis for engineers[M].Cambridge University Press.
[39]段芳莉,韦云隆,海鹏洲.水润滑橡胶合金轴承的弹流润滑分析[J].润滑与密封,2001,(3):5-7.
[40]余江波,王家序,田凡,等.水润滑塑料合金轴承的润滑机理[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3): 160-163.
[41]彭晋民.水润滑轴承的润滑机理及设计研究[D].重庆大学,2003.
[42] D L Cabrera,N H Woolley,D R Allanson.Film Pressure Distribution in Water-lubricated Rubber Journal Bearings[J].IMechE,2005,(219):125-132.
[43]肖科,王家序,张榆,等.纳米级氧化锌晶须对水润滑轴承材料的改性研究[J].润滑与密封,2004,(2):38-39.
[44]彭晋民,王家序,杨明波.水润滑塑料合金轴承材料力学性能改性[J].润滑与密封2004,(6),80-82.
[45]彭晋民,王家序.提高水润滑轴承承载能力关键技术研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(6):149-151.
[46]陈战,王家序,秦大同.水润滑塑料及其合金轴承的摩擦学性能研究[J].农业机械学报2002,33(6):121-124.
[47] N.M.Kinkaid,O.M.O’Reil,P. Papadopoulos.Automotive disc brake squeal[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,(267):105-166.
[48]管迪华,宿新东.制动振动噪声研究的回顾、发展与评述.工程力学,2004,21(4):150-155.
[49] H Ouyang , W Nack , Y Yuan . Numerical analysis of automotive disc brake squeal [J].International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration,2005,1 (3/4):207—231.
[50] G D.Liles.Analysis of Disc Brake Squeal Using Finite Element Methods [J].1989, SAE Paper 1989,891150.
[51]周冠嵩.汽车盘式制动器振动与噪声研究硕士学位论文[D],同济大学,2008.
[2]王家序,李太福.用水为润滑介质的摩擦副研究现状与发展趋势[C].《99全国流体动力与机电一体化技术学术年会》论文专辑.1999,(3-4):9-10.
[3]王优强,宋玲,李鸿琦等.水润滑橡胶合金轴承设计研究[J].润滑与密封,2003,(2):21-22.
[4]陈战,王家序,秦大同.以水作润滑介质的摩擦副的研究[J].农业机械学报,2001,(3):124-125.
[5]郭力.水润滑轴承研究的进展[J].精密制造与自动化,2007,(1):6-9.
[6]王优强,杨成仁.水润滑橡胶合金轴承研究进展[J].润滑与密封,001,(2):65-67.
[7] ROY L. Orndororff. Water-lubricated rubber bearings, history and new developments. Presented at the Naval Ship Maintenance and Modernization Symposium. New York, USA. 1984 October 3-4.
[8] Nakata. Rubber Bearings Apply for Pumps[J]. Pump information. 1980(1). 28~32.
[9]王家序,王帮长.圆弧槽水润滑橡胶合金轴承[P].中国,ZL200510057180.8,2005.
[10]王家序,田凡等.高性能水润滑机械传动系统[P].中国,ZL200610054131.3,2006.
[11]王国钦.水润滑艉轴承浅析[J].船舶科学技术,2002,24(6):70-72.
[12] M.W. Lesmez, Modal Analysis of Vibrations in Liquid-filled Piping System, PhD, Michigan State University, 1989.
[13]陈战.水润滑轴承的摩擦磨损性能及润滑机理的研究[D].重庆大学. 2003.3.
[14]卢磊.水润滑橡胶合金轴承接触及润滑特性分析[D].重庆大学. 2010.6.
[15] Busse,W.F. and Denton,W.H.,”Water-lubricated Soft-Rubber Bearings”Annual Meeting,The American Society of Mechanical Engineers,(11/30/31),345E. 47th Street, New York, New York 10017.
[16] Fogg, A. and Hunwicks,S.A.,”Some Experiments with Water-Lubricated Rubber Bearings,”Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1937.
[17] Bednar, A.,“Soft Rubber Bearings ,”The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (11/30/48). Published in Rubber Age, May, 1949.
[18] Beatty,J.R. and Cornell,D.H.,”Laboratory Testing Rubber Bearings,”The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (11/18/49).Published in Rubber World, November and December,1949.
[19] Schneider,L.G. and Smith, W.V.,”Lubrication in a Sea-Water Environment,”Naval Engineers Journal, October 1963(Vol.75,No.4,pp.841-854)
[20]雄谷千夫.电机上使用的轴承[J].国外轴承. 1990(6):15~18.
[21]江邦治.关于核泵水润滑轴承的设计[J].水泵技术. 1997 (5):16~19.
[22]闻力生.塑料滑动轴承的新结构及摩擦特性[J].润滑与密封. 1987(3):10~13,
[23]王优强,杨成仁.水润滑橡胶合金轴承研究进展[J].润滑与密封.2001(2):65~67.
[24] Roth F L, Driscoll R L and Holt W L. Frictional properties of rubber[M]. J. Res. Natl. Bur. Stand, 1942, 28:439.
[25] Cooper R P and Ellis B. The effects of run-in on rubber friction[J]. Appl. Polym. Sci., 1982, 27:4735.
[26] Ellis B. Run-in effects on rubber friction[J]. Wear, 1984, 93:111.
[27]张嗣伟主编,橡胶磨损原理,北京:石油工业出版社,1998.
[28]刘大华主编,合成橡胶工业手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1991.
[29] P.Malekzadeh,M.Farid.Three-dimensional free vibration analysis of thick cylindrical shell resting on two-parameter elastic supports[J].Journal of sound and vibration,2008,655:675
[30] K.P. Soldatos, V.P. Hadjigeorgiou, Three-dimensional solution of the free vibration problem of homogeneous isotropic cylindrical shells and panels, Journal of Sound and Vibration 137 (1990) 369–384.
[31] J.N. Reddy, A generalization of two-dimensional theories of laminated composite plates[J], Communications in Applied Numerical Methods,1987,173:180.
[32]石亦平,周玉蓉,ABAQUS有限元分析实例详解[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[33]李德葆,陆秋海,实验模态分析及其应用[M],北京:科学出版社,2006.
[34]王家序,余江波,田凡,等.水润滑塑料合金轴承数值分析的多重网格法[J].润滑与密封, 2005, 4(7): 62-64.
[35] Singiresu S.Rao,李欣业,机械振动[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2009.
[36] .J.E.Ruzicka,Fundamental concepts of vibtation control[J],Sound and Vibration,Vol.5,July 1971,16-22.
[37] Alan D Pierce.Acoustics-An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications,ASA,1989
[38] Norton M.P.Fundamental of noise and vibration analysis for engineers[M].Cambridge University Press.
[39]段芳莉,韦云隆,海鹏洲.水润滑橡胶合金轴承的弹流润滑分析[J].润滑与密封,2001,(3):5-7.
[40]余江波,王家序,田凡,等.水润滑塑料合金轴承的润滑机理[J].农业机械学报,2007,38(3): 160-163.
[41]彭晋民.水润滑轴承的润滑机理及设计研究[D].重庆大学,2003.
[42] D L Cabrera,N H Woolley,D R Allanson.Film Pressure Distribution in Water-lubricated Rubber Journal Bearings[J].IMechE,2005,(219):125-132.
[43]肖科,王家序,张榆,等.纳米级氧化锌晶须对水润滑轴承材料的改性研究[J].润滑与密封,2004,(2):38-39.
[44]彭晋民,王家序,杨明波.水润滑塑料合金轴承材料力学性能改性[J].润滑与密封2004,(6),80-82.
[45]彭晋民,王家序.提高水润滑轴承承载能力关键技术研究[J].农业机械学报,2005,36(6):149-151.
[46]陈战,王家序,秦大同.水润滑塑料及其合金轴承的摩擦学性能研究[J].农业机械学报2002,33(6):121-124.
[47] N.M.Kinkaid,O.M.O’Reil,P. Papadopoulos.Automotive disc brake squeal[J].Journal of Sound and Vibration,2003,(267):105-166.
[48]管迪华,宿新东.制动振动噪声研究的回顾、发展与评述.工程力学,2004,21(4):150-155.
[49] H Ouyang , W Nack , Y Yuan . Numerical analysis of automotive disc brake squeal [J].International Journal of Vehicle Noise and Vibration,2005,1 (3/4):207—231.
[50] G D.Liles.Analysis of Disc Brake Squeal Using Finite Element Methods [J].1989, SAE Paper 1989,891150.
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