肝移植术后排斥反应的临床病理分析及颗粒酶B/Fas-L表达、sIL-2R含量测定的临床意义
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
作为治疗终末期肝胆疾病、先天并口代谢性肝病及肝肿瘤等的有效手段,肝移植得到迅猛发展。在手术技术得到解决之后,与围手术期治疗有关的处理尤其是急慢性排斥反应成为制约肝移植近、远期疗效和长期存活的关键。
     迄今为止,在临床尚不能诱导特异的免疫耐受的情况下,免疫抑制仍是肝移植术后防治排斥的主要措施。虽然免疫抑制剂更新换代,但至今排斥反应仍有很高的发生率,可达50%~90%。如何早期诊断及鉴别诊断排斥反应,如何更有效的防治排斥反应,成为需要解决的问题。
     很多因素影响排斥反应的发生及治疗效果,明确这些影响因素,将对排斥反应的防治做到合理、个体化。
     移植肝穿刺病理检查在肝移植术后排斥反应的诊断和鉴别中称为“金标准”,但仍有相当一部分病例不能依靠单纯的病理确诊,探索特异的诊断指标具有重要的意义,颗粒酶B、Fas-L作为排斥反应公认的效应指标,检测其在移植肝中的表达对排斥反应具有指导意义。另外,IL-2是免疫细胞活化并引发排斥反应的重要细胞因子,动态监测sIL-2R含量对肝移植术后早期诊断排斥反应具有重要意义。
    
    解放军军医进修学院硕士学位论文
    【目的】本课题分为两部分,第一部分从临床入手,观察分析61例肝移
    植围手术期的临床诊治,分析研究影响排斥反应防治的诸多因素。第二部
    分实验部分,首先通过16例26次移植后肝脏穿刺活检HE染色病理结果的
    RAI分析评分、Ba nff分级,区分排斥反应类型及程度。然后通过免疫组
    织化学的方法检测移植肝颗粒酶B、Fas一L的表达及应用ELISA方法动态
    检测移植后外周血s工L一ZR的含量;最后对二者不同排斥情况下的表达及
    浓度进行综合评价,寻找其在肝移植中的规律,为肝移植术后排斥反应更
    合理、个体化的防治提供实验依据。
     【方法】1.回顾分析解放军总医院肝胆外科2002年6月至2003年12月
    收治的61例肝移植患者,就免疫抑制药物的使用、配型、原发病、术前
    肝功能、性别、年龄等方面进行分析,探讨影响肝移植术后排斥反应发生
    和疗效的因素.2.收集2002年6月至2004年1月肝穿标本16例26次,
    HE染色、免疫组化检测颗粒酶B、FaS一L的表达。3.收集16例肝移植术
    前1天,术后1、3、5、7、10、14、18、21天晨外周血,用ELISA方法
    检测移植后外周血s工卜ZR的含量;4.用Banff半定量分级方案,对所有
    HE染色切片进行RA工评分,区分急、慢性及轻、中、重程度;依据排斥
    反应不同情况,综合分析颗粒酶B/FaS一L的表达情况及5 IL一ZR的含量。
    数据行统计学处理。
     【结果】1.61例肝移植(除7例早期死亡外,计54例),发生排斥反应
    情况共38例(70.4%),其中急性排斥37例(68.5%),慢性排斥1例
     (1.9%)。免疫抑制方案以“FK506+MMF+Pred”三联为主,优于使用CsA
    组,激素的使用时间较长,出现感染、肿瘤复发及高血糖的机率较高;血
    型基本相符者2例,均发生急排;原发病中以肝硬化和胆管癌排斥反应高,
    其次为肝癌;性别中女性5例,排斥3例;年龄中小儿及老龄排斥率高于
    中间年龄(P<0.05)。2.16例26次肝穿中不明确4例5次(19.23%),
    
    解放军军医进修学院硕士学位论文
    轻度J急性排斥4例6次(23.08%),中度急性排斥5例6次(23.08%),
    重度急性排斥5例5次(19.23%),,漫性排斥11级1例1次(3.85%),
    111级1例3次(1 1 .54%),无I级;颗粒酶B阳性16例次,Fas一L阳性
    14例次,与对照相比P<0.05,排斥反应组与不排斥组及对照组相比P<
    0.01;3.术后外周血s工L一ZR检测显示其含量随术后时日增高,7一14天
    为著,随着排斥反应的被控制而逐渐下降,与对照组比较排斥组P<0.以,
    排斥组术后与术前比较P<0.05,排斥组与不排斥组比较P<0.01。
    【结论]1.肝移植术后的防治仍以免疫抑制剂为主,免疫抑制剂使用方案、
    配型、原发病、性别、年龄等影响肝移植术后排斥反应的发生及疗效。2.
    移植肝穿刺活检病理组织学检查是诊断和鉴别排斥反应的金标准,应依据
    Ba nff分级标准严格行急排RAI评分及慢排分级,区分排斥反应类型及程
    度。3.免疫组织化学检测颗粒酶B/Fas一L在发生排斥反应的移植肝活检
    组织中表达阳性,颗粒酶B阳性率高于Fas一L;外周血s工L一ZR在排斥反
    应时,其浓度总体升高,随着排斥反应的被控制而逐渐下降。与对照组相
    比较均有统计学意义。
    4.考虑到肝移植是一复杂系统的工程,影响因素众多,要寻找排斥反应
    的早期诊断和鉴别指标尚需大样本的资料总结及进一步更好质控的实验
    研究;当前仍需提高病理组织学的诊断水平以及对临床影响因素、病理、
    免疫结果进行综合评价,才能对肝移植术后排斥反应做到相对合理的、实
    用的、个体化的治疗。
As the effective method of treating terminal hepatic and biliary disease , chronic metabolism hepatopathy and liver tumor ,liver transplantation has developed quickly. Disposal concerning perioperative treatment especially acute and chronic rejective reaction has become the key of restricting short and long-term effect.
    Up to now,immunosurppressive agent is still main measurement of preventing and treating rejection when there are not good immunologic tolerance method introduced in clinical practice.Although experienced continuous changes , there are still high rate of 50%-90% rejective incidence as practising immunosurppressive agent in clinical practice.The issue must be solved concerning how to early diagnose and differential diagnose rejection as well as how to prevent and treat rejection.
    
    
    There are lots of factors affecting occurrence and therapeutic efficacy.Grasping these factors will obtain reasonable and individual treatment.
    Liver biopy is named for "gold standard"in diagonose and differential diagnose rejection of liver transplantation.But for many cases pathological examination cannot work.So seeking specific diadynamic criteria is necessary. Granzyme B and Fas-L expression detecting in transplanted liver rejection posseses important significance as generally accepted effect marker.On the other hand, IL-2 is important cytokine leading to immunologic cell activation and producing rejection. Dynamic monitoring sIL-2R levels poseses important significance for postoperative liver transplantation rejection.
    [Objective] This topic will be separated 2 parts.The first part will begin with clinical aspect to observe and analyse clinical diagonosis and treatment during perioperation of transplantation. As well as to analyse and investigage affecting factors related to preventing and treating rejection.The second part is experiment.lt is formed by 3 parts.Firstly, rejective type and degree will be differenced by RAI scoring and Banff grading to 16 cases(26 times) HE staining pathological results of liver biopsy.Secondly, granzyme B and Fas-L expression detecting by immuno - histochemistry method and dynamic monitoring sIL-2R levels in postoperative blood by ELISA method will be performed.Finally, both expressions and levels under different rejective circumstance will get comprehensive assessment for the aim to find laws and provide experimental foundation for more reasonably and individually preventing and treating postoperative rejection.
    
    [Methods] 1.Through a retrospective analysis of clinical data in 61 liver transplantation cases collecting from Hepabiliary Surgery of General Hospital of PLA from June,2002 to December,2003.and analyse these aspects such as immunosuppression agent program, cross matching -, primary disease -, preoperative liver function sex and age, etc. to try to find affecting factors of occurrence and effect of postoperative rejection of liver transplantation. 2.Sixteen cases(26 times) liver biopsy sample were collected to perform HE staining and detect granzyme B and Fas-L expression by immnohistochemistry method. 3.Blood of liver transplantation patients involving 1 day of preoperation, l,3,5,7, 10, 14, 18,21 day of postoperation were collected to detect sIL-2R content by ELISA method. 4.A11 HE Staining sections were scored by RAI standard and Banff demiquantu grading scheme to difference acute or chronic type and mikU moderate or severe degree; Results of granzyme B and Fas-L expression and sIL-2R levels according to different circumstance of rejection were analysed comprehensivly.Data was disposed by statistical method.
    [ Results ] 1 .Thirty-eight cases(70.4%) of acute rejection were occurrenced in 61 cases(totaol 54 cases besides 7 cases of earlier period deadth) of liver transplantation. Of which 37 cases(68.5%) was acute rejection and 1 case(1.9%) was chronic rejection.Immunosuppression scheme was dominated by 3 combining of "FK506+MMF+Pred". It was more excellent than CsA group. The usage period of Pred was fairly longer. The probability of infection , tumor relapse and hypergl
引文
1 陈忠华.肝移植前沿问题的研究及对策.外科理论与实践.2002,7(2):83—88
    2 钱海鑫,周晓俊,田力平等.原位肝移植围手术期处理的体会.江苏医药杂志,2002,28:1—3
    3 夏穗生.临床肝移植新进展.中华器官移植杂志,1999,20(4):199
    4 丛文铭.肝移植并发症的病理特点.外科理论与实践.2002,7:106—108
    5 Jones KD, Ferrell LD. Interpritation of biopsy findings in the transplant liver. Semin Diagn Pathol, 1998, 15:306-317
    6 杨振帆,王伟林,卢宠茂等.移植肝的急性排斥反应.中华器官移植杂志,1999,20(4):237—239
    7 Fleckenstein JF, Paredes M, Thuluvath PJ. A retrospective, randomized, double-blind trial evaluating the efficacy of ursodeoxycholic acid in prevention of liver transplant rejection. Liver Tanspl Surg. 1998,4:276-279
    8 陈实,陈忠华.移植学前沿[M].武汉,湖北科学技术出版社.2002:416
    9 Wodarz D, May RM, Nowak MA. The role of antigen-independent persistence of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Interl immunol. 1999,12:467-477
    10 Bach FH, Auchincloss H. Transplantation Immunology. New York:Wiley & Sons. 1995:35-112
    11 毕爱华,龚非力.医学免疫学[M].北京:人民军医出版社,1995
    12 Rubin LA, Nelson DL. The soluble interleukin-2 receptor: biology, function, and clinical application. Ann Intern Med, 1990, 113:619
    13 陈诗书,张景迎.白介素-2受体及其介导的信号转导.生命的化
    
    学.1999,19(3):127—129
    14 Klintmalm GB. Rejection therapies. Dig Dis Sci. 1991, 36:1431
    15 Egawa H, Martinez Om, Quinn MB, et al. Acute liver allograft rejection in the rat. Transplantation, 1995,59:97-102
    16 王祥慧.器官移植免疫抑制剂的应用现状及其发展趋势.上海免疫学杂志,2002,22:220-224
    17 谢蜀生,吕艳.移植免疫研究的重要进展——双向移植排斥理论.国外医学免疫学分册.2000,23:65—68
    18 谢蜀生.移植免疫学的新突破与器官移植.医学与哲学.1999,20(12):9—11
    19 Demetris AJ. Immune cholangitis, Liver allograft rejection and graft-versus-host disease. Mayo-Clin-Proc, 1998, 73:367-379
    20 Starzl TE, Demetris AJ, Murase N, et al. Cell migration, chimerism, and graft acceptance. Lancet. 1992, 339: 1579-1582
    21 Araclhye S, Turka LA. Will tolerance become a clinical reality? Arn J Med Sci. 1997,313(5):310
    22 周佩军.器官移植后的嵌合现象与移植耐受.国外医学免疫学分册.1997,20(5):255
    23 Todo S, Fung JJ, Starzl TE, et al. Single-center experience with primary orthotopic liver transplantation with FK506 immunosuppresion. Ann Surg. 1994,220:297-308
    24 石炳毅,申鹏飞.免疫抑制药的临床使用.见:苏泽轩,于立新,黄洁夫,主编.现代移植学.北京:人民卫生出版社,1998.102
    25 Sher LS. Immunosuppression. Curr Opin Organ Transpl. 2001, 6: 311
    26 郑树森.国内肝移植现状及对几个问题的看法.中华器官移植杂志.2002,23(4):196
    
    
    27 黄东胜,郊树森,徐骁等.肝移植术后免疫抑制剂的替换应用.中华器官移植杂志,2002,23:197—199
    28 Zhu Yue, Jain Ashok, Fung John J. 单个移植中心连续4000例肝移植后长期生存情况回顾.外科理论与实践,2002,7:109—115
    29 Demetris AJ, Jaffe R, Tzalis A, et al. Antibody-mediated rejection of Human orthotopic liver allografts: a study of liver transplantation across ABO blood group barriers. Am J Pathol, 1988,132:489-502
    30 何晓顺,陈规划,朱晓峰,等.ABO血型不合的肝脏移植.中国实用外科杂志,2000,20:209—201
    31 Farges O, Kalil AN, Samuel D, et al. The use of ABO-incompatible grafts in liver transplantation:a life-saving procedure in highly selected patients. Transplantation. 1995,59(8):1124
    32 陈实.移植免疫学[M].武汉,湖北科学技术出版社.1998:57
    33 漆德芳.肝硬化[M].北京,科学技术出版社.2000:113
    34 Wiesner RH, Demetris AJ, Belle SH, et al. Acute hepatic allograft rejection:incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome. Hepatology, 1998,28(3):638-645
    35 相洪琴 性别相关差异可能影响肝移植,国外医学情报,1995,16(8):14
    36 A Transplant Odyssey. The future is here[M]. Istabul, Turkey August, 2001
    37 粱廷波,郑树森,王伟林等.95例肝移植临床分析.中华外科杂志.2003,41:6-9
    38 王振杰,陈规划,黄沽夫等.肝移植术后急性排斥反应诊断进展.中华现代医药.2002,2:623—625
    39 张绍庚,吴孟超,杨甲梅.穿孔素和颗粒酶在移植排斥中的作用.国外医学免
    
    疫学分册,1997,20:35—38
    40 Griffiths GM, Mueller C. Expression of perforin and granzymes in vivo: potential diagnostic markers for activated cytotoxic cells. Immunology Today, 1991, 12:415-419
    41 李秀英,朱振宇.穿孔素和颗粒酶的研究进展.国外医学分子生物学分册,2002,24:292-294
    42 胡厚祥,祝善俊,刘木蓉.肾脏疾病白细胞介素2受体测定及其意义.中华医学检验杂志,1997,20:361—363
    43 李金陵,程爱明,王长安,等.肾移植患者手术前后血清SIL-2R检测.郑州大学学报(医学版),2003,38:65—66
    44 Martinez OM, Villanuear JC, Lake J, et al. IL-2 and IL-5 gene expression in response to alloantigen in liver allograft recipients and in vitro. Transplantation, 1993, 55:1159-1166
    45 谷欣权,孔祥波,傅耀文,等.肾移植术后可溶性白介素2受体的动态检测及临床意义.吉林医学,2001,22:266—267
    46 张培建.肝脏移植免疫排斥反应的病理和免疫学诊断.实用临床医药杂志,2003,7(1):37—40
    47 钟江兴,苏泽轩,邓文锋,等.肾移植术后外周血CD3~+细胞CD69、CD25及CD71的表达及意义.中华器官移植杂志,2000,21:201—203
    48 谈景旺,程俊波,姚和祥等.细胞免疫在异种肝移植免疫排斥反应中作用的研究.中华肝胆外科杂志,1999,5:168—169
    49 王德臣,宋世兵,袁炯等.肝移植后急性排斥反应的临床诊治体会.外科理论与实践,2002,7:161—162
    50 张绍庚,吴孟超,谈景旺,等.穿孔素和颗粒酶B基因对肝移植急性排斥的早期诊断作用.中华外科杂志,1999,37:304—305
    
    
    51 Willians JW, Foster PF, Sankary HN. Role of liver allograft biopsy in patient management. SeminLiver Dis, 1992, 12:60-72
    52 张绍庚,吴孟超,姚和祥,等.穿孔素和颗粒酶B基因对大鼠肝移植急性排斥免疫抑制疗效判断的价值.中华医学杂志,1998,78:859—861
    53 郑斐,郑杰.10例肝移植患者术后肝活检标本的临床病理分析.北京大学学报(医学版)2002,34:302—305
    54 Demetris AJ. Pathology of liver transplantation. In Busuttil and klimalm, ed. Transplantation of the liver. W.B. Saunders Company, 1996:681-723
    55 吴问汉,万远廉,杨尹默,等.肝移植术后早期并发症.中国现代医学杂志,2001,11(8):1—3
    56 单世光.基本外科学[M].黑龙江,中国协和医科大学出版社,2000:191—193
    57 管文贤,李开宗.临床活体肝移植学[M].北京,人民军医出版社,1999:241—243
    58 Kemnitz T, Burckhardt R, Cohnert TJ, et al. Bile duct injury as a part of diagnostic critera for liver allograft rejection. Hum Pathol, 1989,20:132-143
    59 International Panel. Banff Schema for grading liver allograft rejection:An international consensus document. Hepatology, 1997,25(3):658-663
    60 丛文铭.移植肝排斥反应的病理改变.诊断病理学杂:志,2001,8(4):234—236
    61 丛文铭,吴孟超,谭璐等.肝脏移植三例.中华病理学杂志,2000,29(4):315—317
    62 陈嘉薇,陈大志.肝脏移植排斥反应的病理诊断和分级.中华器官移植杂志.1999,20(2):117—118
    
    
    63 Yersiz H, Shaked A, Olthoff K, et al. Correlation between donor age and the patterm of liver graft recovery after transplantation, 1995,60:790-794
    64 Fornatana RJ, Hann HW, Wright T, et al.A multicenter study of lamivudine trentment in 33 patients with hepatitis B after liver transplantation. Liver Transpl, 2001, 7:504-510
    65 Laskowski I, Prastschke J, Wilhelm MJ, et al. Molecular and cellular events associated with ischemia/reperfusion injury. Ann Transplantm, 2000, 5(1):29-35
    66 陈明易,李崇辉,黄志强.肝脏的缺血预适应.国外医学外科学分册,2002,29:273—275
    67 张小榕.器官冷冻与移植排斥反应.国外医学免疫学分册,2000,23:68—70
    68 涂兵,严律南,程薇波,等.缺血预处理对大鼠移植肝脏微循环的保护作用.中华器官移植杂志,2002,23:327-329
    69 曹云飞,俞卫锋,朱海英,等.供肝保存再灌注期间核因子NF-KB和抑制蛋白IkBS的变化及意义.第二军医大学学报,2002,23:511—514
    70 卢实春,严律南,李波,等.50例肝移植术后近期高胆红素血症的原因及处理。中华器官移植杂志,2003,24:73—75
    71 杨翔,贺强,李宁等.肝移植术后胆汁郁积的病因分析和防治.肝胆外科杂志,2001,9(6):416—419
    72 Latz KP, Mueller AR, Rossaint R, et al. Transplantation, 1996, 62(10): 1441-1450
    73 彭淑牖,彭承宏,吴育连等.肝移植初期连续成功10例报告.外科理论,2002,7:109—115
    74 唐缨,潘澄,王玉红等.彩超引导肝移植患者多次反复肝组织穿刺活检安全性的评价,附350例(次)肝穿病理分忻.中国超声医学杂志,2003,19:375
    
    —377
    75 Foster PF, Sankary HN, Willianms JW, et al. Morphometric inflammatory cell analysis of human liver allograft biopsies. Transplantation, 1991,51:873-876
    76 Ray RA, Lewin KJ, Colonna J, et al. The role of liver biopsy in evaluating acute allograft dysfunction following liver transplantation:a clinical histologic correlation of 34 liver transplants. Human Pathology, 1988,19:835-848
    77 Tillery W, Demetrisl J, Watkins D, et al. Pathologic recognition of preservation injury in hepatic allograft with six month' s follow-up. Transplant Proc, 1989, 21:1330-1331
    78 谈景旺,张绍庚,杨甲梅,等.协调性异种肝移植免疫病理学的实验研究.第二军医大学学报,2000,21(2):166-168
    79 贺莲香,旷芙蓉,彭瑛,等.原位肝移植术后临床监测与处理.中国现代医学杂志,2002,12:95—98
    80 陈嘉薇,陈大志,薛玉华,等,肝脏移植急性排异与慢性排异的临床和病理分析.中华肝胆外科杂志,1999,5(3):161—162
    81 吴建卫.临床肝移植[M].上海,第二军医大学出版社.1997:89
    82 周宁新.从胆管损伤引申对胆管生理学及病理生理学的认识.中国实用外科杂志.2000,20(2):119-120
    83 黄志强.胆道外科[M].北京,山东科技出版社.1998:45-47
    84 杨尚琪,唐孝达.诱导器官移植免疫耐受的新进展.肾脏病与透析肾移植杂志,2000,9(4):385—387
    85 郑树森.肝脏移植[M].北京,人民卫生出版社,2001:47—125
    86 张洪义,寿楠海,高志清,等。大鼠原位肝移植及术后肝细胞超微结构观察.
    
    山东医科大学学报,1994,32(4):295
    87 陈嘉薇,陈大志,许评.肝移植术后排异反应的诊断和鉴别诊断.中华肝胆外科杂志.2002,8(11):655-657
    88 Anonymous. Terminology for hepatic allograft rejection. Hepatology. 1995, 22: 648
    89 陈嘉薇,陈大志,等.肝移植术后纤维化胆汁淤滞性肝炎.中华器官移植杂志.2000,21(2):75-76
    90 Nalesnik MA. The diverse pathology of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders: the importance of a standardized approach. Transpl Infect Dis, 2001,3:88-96
    91 黄志勇,聂进军,王宁,等.肝移植病理有关问题.临床与实验病理学杂志.2000,16(6):513-516

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700