基于寻路行为的轨道交通枢纽导向标识布局方案仿真评估研究
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摘要
作为现代城市交通服务的窗口,轨道交通枢纽在建筑规模日趋扩大,空间布局日渐复杂,客流量日益俱增的条件下,为满足大客流、多功能、高服务的运输需求,对空间环境设计提出了更高的“人性化”要求。特别是在空间结构和平面布局等空间环境“原生信息”已基本确定的条件下,针对导向标识系统这一空间环境“后加信息”的研究,对提高枢纽旅客服务质量具有重要意义。但是,针对导向标识系统研究主要集中在标识内容、尺寸、颜色等设计方面,对标识系统布局评估的研究还相对较少。因此,本文针对目前我国轨道交通枢纽导向标识评估和优化问题开展动态仿真研究,以提出有效的评估方法。
论文首先系统总结了旅客寻路行为和导向标识系统两方面的理论研究,深入分析了旅客寻路过程和标识设计的影响因素,介绍了视觉感知机理,引入了视力、视角、视野和视距等参数,把握了旅客寻路与导向标识之间的作用关系,为动态仿真评估的仿真模型构建提供了理论基础。
然后,以北京南站综合交通枢纽为调研对象,通过大量跟踪、访谈、问卷等调查,挖掘了旅客在枢纽地下空间内寻路行为特征和规律,并对相关参数进行了标定,以此建立了旅客寻路和环境标识交互的仿真模型,为动态仿真评估提供核心方法支持。
以枢纽标识物理属性设置以及旅客寻路和标识间相互作用的特征为基础,从经济性、便利性和舒适性角度提出了标识设置点、线和面多层次的评估指标体系。
利用寻路模型和计算机仿真技术,结合评估指标体系,通过对SRail系统的二次开发,搭建了“基于寻路行为的轨道交通枢纽导向标识布局方案仿真评估系统”,其包括系统设置与管理、仿真操作、监视、统计分析和输出五个功能模块。
最后,设计了北京南站典型区域的仿真案例,分别对北京南站地下一层典型进站、出站及换乘流线上的导向标识进行评估研究,利用实际视频数据与仿真数据的对比分析方法,验证了该仿真系统的有效性,优化了典型试验场景流线标识设计方案,最终提出了枢纽导向标识设计与优化的建议。
本研究表明,利用旅客寻路行为反作用于标识设计的动态仿真评估研究为导向标识设计提供了有效的评估思路、方法和决策依据；二次开发的仿真评估系统可为枢纽导向标识布局评估提供工具。
As the window of modern urban transport service, the spatial environment design of rail transit hubs (RTH) requires a higher standard of "humane" to meet the traffic requirement in large passenger flow, multifunction and high service level under the condition of construction increasing dramatically, spatial layout improving complicatedly and the passenger flow going up crowdedly. Especially when the so-called "native information" including spatial environment of structure and layout is fixed on, it has great significance to improve the level of passenger service in RTH in the research on the "added information" which embodied the guidance sign system. However, research on evaluation and optimization of guidance sign system was relatively little, meanwhile more research confined in the design of its content,·size, color and interference reduction. Therefore, this dissertation studies on evaluation of guidance sign set project by dynamic simulation in order to come up with effective evaluation method.
Firstly, this dissertation reviewed the existing research on the wayfinding and guidance sign system, analysed the factors of the two object in detail, introduced the human visual mechanism, and draw into the parameters in vision, visual angle, visual field and visual distance. Then interaction relationship between passenger wayfinding and guidance sign was obtained, so the theoretical foundation for the research on simulation model of dynamic evaluation was laid.
On the basis of the definition, process and meaning of wayfinding and its interaction of sign, chose the Beijing South Railway Station for was chosen as the research target. The characteristics and passenger wayfinding behavior were excavated by scaled survey in tracking, interview and making questionnaire. Meanwhile some parameters were calibrated. By doing these, a series model of passenger wayfinding behavior was built to provide key method for the dynamic simulation evaluation.
Based on the features of the guidance sign physical property and the interaction between passengers and signs, an evaluation index system was put forward from the economy, convenience and comfort viewpoint, which was part of multi-level evaluation index system including the sign set point, line and surface.
Using the wayfinding model and computer simulation technology, and combing the evaluation index system, the simulation system of evaluation guidance sign design in RTH based on passenger wayfinding behavior was developed, which contained five functional module including system setup, management, simulation operation, monitoring, statistical analysis and output.
Finally, three application examples for guidance sign design evaluation of Beijing South Railway Station underground floor were introduced, which included typical passenger entry route, exit route and transfer route. What's more, the verity and validity of this simulation system was proved by the comparative analysis of actual video data and simulation data. Then the optimized set project of guidance sign in every typical example was given. Ultimately, the quantitative and qualitative suggestions of guidance sign design in RTH were proposed by systematic summarizing and analysis.
In a word, the research had demonstrated that the dynamic simulation evaluation method which based on the passenger wayfinding behavior could provide an effective means and decision-making basis for evaluation on guidance sign design. And this simulation system for the secondary development of SRail system was the useful tool to evaluate the guidance sign design.
论文首先系统总结了旅客寻路行为和导向标识系统两方面的理论研究,深入分析了旅客寻路过程和标识设计的影响因素,介绍了视觉感知机理,引入了视力、视角、视野和视距等参数,把握了旅客寻路与导向标识之间的作用关系,为动态仿真评估的仿真模型构建提供了理论基础。
然后,以北京南站综合交通枢纽为调研对象,通过大量跟踪、访谈、问卷等调查,挖掘了旅客在枢纽地下空间内寻路行为特征和规律,并对相关参数进行了标定,以此建立了旅客寻路和环境标识交互的仿真模型,为动态仿真评估提供核心方法支持。
以枢纽标识物理属性设置以及旅客寻路和标识间相互作用的特征为基础,从经济性、便利性和舒适性角度提出了标识设置点、线和面多层次的评估指标体系。
利用寻路模型和计算机仿真技术,结合评估指标体系,通过对SRail系统的二次开发,搭建了“基于寻路行为的轨道交通枢纽导向标识布局方案仿真评估系统”,其包括系统设置与管理、仿真操作、监视、统计分析和输出五个功能模块。
最后,设计了北京南站典型区域的仿真案例,分别对北京南站地下一层典型进站、出站及换乘流线上的导向标识进行评估研究,利用实际视频数据与仿真数据的对比分析方法,验证了该仿真系统的有效性,优化了典型试验场景流线标识设计方案,最终提出了枢纽导向标识设计与优化的建议。
本研究表明,利用旅客寻路行为反作用于标识设计的动态仿真评估研究为导向标识设计提供了有效的评估思路、方法和决策依据；二次开发的仿真评估系统可为枢纽导向标识布局评估提供工具。
As the window of modern urban transport service, the spatial environment design of rail transit hubs (RTH) requires a higher standard of "humane" to meet the traffic requirement in large passenger flow, multifunction and high service level under the condition of construction increasing dramatically, spatial layout improving complicatedly and the passenger flow going up crowdedly. Especially when the so-called "native information" including spatial environment of structure and layout is fixed on, it has great significance to improve the level of passenger service in RTH in the research on the "added information" which embodied the guidance sign system. However, research on evaluation and optimization of guidance sign system was relatively little, meanwhile more research confined in the design of its content,·size, color and interference reduction. Therefore, this dissertation studies on evaluation of guidance sign set project by dynamic simulation in order to come up with effective evaluation method.
Firstly, this dissertation reviewed the existing research on the wayfinding and guidance sign system, analysed the factors of the two object in detail, introduced the human visual mechanism, and draw into the parameters in vision, visual angle, visual field and visual distance. Then interaction relationship between passenger wayfinding and guidance sign was obtained, so the theoretical foundation for the research on simulation model of dynamic evaluation was laid.
On the basis of the definition, process and meaning of wayfinding and its interaction of sign, chose the Beijing South Railway Station for was chosen as the research target. The characteristics and passenger wayfinding behavior were excavated by scaled survey in tracking, interview and making questionnaire. Meanwhile some parameters were calibrated. By doing these, a series model of passenger wayfinding behavior was built to provide key method for the dynamic simulation evaluation.
Based on the features of the guidance sign physical property and the interaction between passengers and signs, an evaluation index system was put forward from the economy, convenience and comfort viewpoint, which was part of multi-level evaluation index system including the sign set point, line and surface.
Using the wayfinding model and computer simulation technology, and combing the evaluation index system, the simulation system of evaluation guidance sign design in RTH based on passenger wayfinding behavior was developed, which contained five functional module including system setup, management, simulation operation, monitoring, statistical analysis and output.
Finally, three application examples for guidance sign design evaluation of Beijing South Railway Station underground floor were introduced, which included typical passenger entry route, exit route and transfer route. What's more, the verity and validity of this simulation system was proved by the comparative analysis of actual video data and simulation data. Then the optimized set project of guidance sign in every typical example was given. Ultimately, the quantitative and qualitative suggestions of guidance sign design in RTH were proposed by systematic summarizing and analysis.
In a word, the research had demonstrated that the dynamic simulation evaluation method which based on the passenger wayfinding behavior could provide an effective means and decision-making basis for evaluation on guidance sign design. And this simulation system for the secondary development of SRail system was the useful tool to evaluate the guidance sign design.
引文
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[8]GB/T 20501.2-2006.公共交通信息导向系统要素的设计原则与要求[S].
[9]GB/T 7058-1986.铁路客运服务图形标志[S].
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[30]孔倩倩,李晔.综合客运枢纽导向标识系统的评估指标体系研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2011.
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[2]GB 5768-2009.道路交通标志和标线[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2009.
[3]GB/T 10001.1-2000.标志用公共信息图形符号第一部分：通用符号[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2001.
[4]GB/T 10001.2-2002.标志用公共信息图形符号第二部分：旅游设施与服务符号[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2002.
[5]GB/T 10001.3-2004.标志用公共信息图形符号第三部分：客运与货运符号[S].北京：中国标准出版社,2004.
[6]GB/T 15566-1995.图形标识使用原则与要求[S].
[7]GB/T 15566.1-2007.公共交通信息导向系统设置原则与要求[S].
[8]GB/T 20501.2-2006.公共交通信息导向系统要素的设计原则与要求[S].
[9]GB/T 7058-1986.铁路客运服务图形标志[S].
[10]王哲,洪再生,陈艳.城市设计中导向标识系统设计探讨[J].哈尔滨工业大学学报,2011.
[11]U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration. Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices. 2009.
[12]BS 8502-2003. Graphical symbols and signs—Creation and design of public information symbols—requirements. British Standards Institution, 2003.
[13]何华武.铁路旅客车站引导标识系统设计指南[M].北京：中国铁道出版社,2010.
[14]TB10074-2007.铁路旅客车站客运信息系统设计规范[S].北京：中国铁道出版社,2008.
[15]J.R. Carpman, Creating hospitals where people can find their way (plant technology and Safety management Series, No.l). Oakbrook Terrace, IL: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Organization. 1991.
[16]Xu H. & Kazuhiko N. : Types of path choice in exhibition space in a museum—study on pedestrian path choice and spatial cognition in exhibition space in a museum. In Culture, Space and Quality of Life in Urban Environment—Proceedings of the 5 th International Symposium for Environment-behavior Studies, Hong Kang: Huaxia Cultural Publishing Limited. 2002.
[17]Alice Beneicke, Jack Biesek, Kelley Brandon. Wayfinding and Signage in Library Design.
[18]曹冬清.大型综合交通枢纽旅客向导标识的布设方案及评估方法研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2008.
[19]韩艳欣.大型客运站旅客导向标识系统设计优化方法研究[D].北京：北京交通大学,2010.
[20]Jean-Charles ChebaL Claire Gelinas-Chebat, Karilla Therrien. Lost in a mall, the effects of gender' familiarity with the shopping mall and the shopping values on shoppers' wayfinding processes. Journal of Business Research 58 (2005) 1590-1598.
[21]W.H.K. Lam, Mei-ling Tam, S.C. Wong, S.C. Wirasinghe. Wayfinding in the passenger terminal of Hong Kong International Airport. Journal of Air Transport Management 9 (2003) 73-81.
[22]何建龙.城市导向[D].上海：同济大学,2008.
[23]牛力.建筑综合体的空间认识与寻路——以商业综合体为例[D].上海：同济大学,2007.
[24]张佳.上海南站交通枢纽换乘的空间导向研究[D].上海：同济大学,2007.
[25]张祯.城市交通枢纽型商业空间中标识系统的应用及对寻路的影响[D].上海：同济大学,2007.
[26]黄维达.寻路行为与导向系统的设计的研究[D].上海：同济大学,2005.
[27]丁顺,周晓文,于亮.句法点的视觉可达性分析与寻路行为[J].建筑与文化,2008.
[28]米佳,徐磊青.地下公共空间的寻路实验和空间导向研究——以上海市人民广场为例[J].建筑学报,2007.
[29]刘行进.城市客运枢纽寻路特征与导向问题研究[D].上海：同济大学,2008.
[30]孔倩倩,李晔.综合客运枢纽导向标识系统的评估指标体系研究[J].城市轨道交通研究,2011.
[31]耿楠,陆键,项乔君.轨道交通枢纽站视觉导向系统的评估体系及应用[J].城市轨道交通研究,2009.
[32]武瑞,陆建.视线跟踪技术在交通标志视认性中的应用研究[J].交通运输工程与信息学报,2008(2)：96-101.
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