VXI雷达自动测试系统的研究与实现
摘要
在测试领域，随着被测对象和测试仪器的日益复杂和先进，自动测试替代人工测试成为现代测试技术中的主要测试手段。现代雷达作为广泛应用的军用和民用设施，在国防与经济发展中发挥着举足轻重的作用。对雷达技术指标的自动测试，不仅保证了雷达的生产质量，而且为雷达使用过程中的维护、故障检测与诊断提供了重要的定量和定性信息，是衡量雷达是否正常工作，对故障进行定位的最主要途径。近年来国内外对雷达自动测试技术进行了广泛的研究，从内建自测试(Built-in-Test，即BIT)到自动测试系统(Automatic Test System，即ATS)都获得成功应用。
由于自动测试系统具有通用、开放和标准化等特点，而内建自测试是专用的和故障覆盖率有限的，因此雷达自动测试系统具有更广泛的适用性和更强的测试诊断能力。ATS与BIT的结合，能够更好地保障雷达稳定正常地工作，提高测试效率。本文着重从自动测试系统的角度研究了雷达整机技术指标的自动测试方法，主要内容包括：
1．雷达主要技术指标的测试方法研究。包括发射、接收、信号处理、天馈线四个分系统的相关技术指标，分别给出了各个指标的物理含义和测试方法；
2．基于VXI (VME Extended to Instruments) 技术的雷达自动测试系统的组建与实现，讨论了系统组建的方法与步骤，详细介绍了软件开发环境、硬件仪器设备的选择、测试软件的开发和若干关键问题，并以镜频抑制技术指标的测试为例介绍了该系统对某部雷达的测试结果。
本文研究与组建的VXI雷达自动测试系统已通过国家验收和鉴定，交付用户使用，鉴定意见和使用结果验证了系统的有效性和先进性。
As the unit-under-test and test equipments become more complex and advance , automatic test has been the key technique instead of manual test in the test and measurement world. Modem radars, which have been popularly employed in military, civil and commercial fields, are very important to national defense and economy development. To automatically test technique performance of radars not only ensures the manufacture quality of radars but also provides the essential quantitative and qualitative information for maintenance, fault detection and diagnosis. The automatic test is the major path to measure whether the radar normally functions or not and to localize the faults. From built-in-test (BIT) to automatic test system (ATS) the radar automatic test technology has been widely studied and successfully applied recent years.
While BIT is application-specific and is limited in fault coverage rate, ATS has characteristics such as universal, open and standard, et al. Therefore the radar automatic test system has broader applicability and stronger test and diagnosis capability. Combining ATS with BIT can guarantee radars work normally and steady, on another hand improve test efficiency. This dissertation studies automatic test methodology for the technique performance of radars. Detailed discussions list as follows:
1. Test methods concerned to technique performance of radars are proposed, which include transmitter, receiver, signal processing, antenna and feeder subsystems. The physical meaning and test diagram of each technique performance are also elaborated.
2. After analyzing the test methods, the dissertation introduces how to build and realize the radar automatic test system based on VXI (VME Extended to Instrumentation) technique. It demonstrates how to choose the software development environment, how to select the hardware equipments, how to develop the test application package, and how to solve several key problems. At the end of this part,
an example of testing the image frequency rejection is illustrated.
The VXI radar automatic test system introduced in this dissertation has passed the state inspection and qualification, and has been delivered to customers. Qualification and utilization results demonstrate that the automatic test system is efficient and advance.
由于自动测试系统具有通用、开放和标准化等特点，而内建自测试是专用的和故障覆盖率有限的，因此雷达自动测试系统具有更广泛的适用性和更强的测试诊断能力。ATS与BIT的结合，能够更好地保障雷达稳定正常地工作，提高测试效率。本文着重从自动测试系统的角度研究了雷达整机技术指标的自动测试方法，主要内容包括：
1．雷达主要技术指标的测试方法研究。包括发射、接收、信号处理、天馈线四个分系统的相关技术指标，分别给出了各个指标的物理含义和测试方法；
2．基于VXI (VME Extended to Instruments) 技术的雷达自动测试系统的组建与实现，讨论了系统组建的方法与步骤，详细介绍了软件开发环境、硬件仪器设备的选择、测试软件的开发和若干关键问题，并以镜频抑制技术指标的测试为例介绍了该系统对某部雷达的测试结果。
本文研究与组建的VXI雷达自动测试系统已通过国家验收和鉴定，交付用户使用，鉴定意见和使用结果验证了系统的有效性和先进性。
As the unit-under-test and test equipments become more complex and advance , automatic test has been the key technique instead of manual test in the test and measurement world. Modem radars, which have been popularly employed in military, civil and commercial fields, are very important to national defense and economy development. To automatically test technique performance of radars not only ensures the manufacture quality of radars but also provides the essential quantitative and qualitative information for maintenance, fault detection and diagnosis. The automatic test is the major path to measure whether the radar normally functions or not and to localize the faults. From built-in-test (BIT) to automatic test system (ATS) the radar automatic test technology has been widely studied and successfully applied recent years.
While BIT is application-specific and is limited in fault coverage rate, ATS has characteristics such as universal, open and standard, et al. Therefore the radar automatic test system has broader applicability and stronger test and diagnosis capability. Combining ATS with BIT can guarantee radars work normally and steady, on another hand improve test efficiency. This dissertation studies automatic test methodology for the technique performance of radars. Detailed discussions list as follows:
1. Test methods concerned to technique performance of radars are proposed, which include transmitter, receiver, signal processing, antenna and feeder subsystems. The physical meaning and test diagram of each technique performance are also elaborated.
2. After analyzing the test methods, the dissertation introduces how to build and realize the radar automatic test system based on VXI (VME Extended to Instrumentation) technique. It demonstrates how to choose the software development environment, how to select the hardware equipments, how to develop the test application package, and how to solve several key problems. At the end of this part,
an example of testing the image frequency rejection is illustrated.
The VXI radar automatic test system introduced in this dissertation has passed the state inspection and qualification, and has been delivered to customers. Qualification and utilization results demonstrate that the automatic test system is efficient and advance.
引文
(1) 严敦善，赵玉洁．中国雷达五十年．现代雷达，1999，Vol 21，No．5：1-5
(2) 陈光(礻禹)．现代电子测试技术——信息装备的质量卫士．北京：国防工业出版社2000
(3) 曲东才．国外军用测试技术现状及发展趋势．国外电子测量技术，1999，Vol．4：4-16
(4) 金其明，欧洪武等．美国自动测试设备技术概述．出国考察报告，1995，Vol．1：115-120
(5) C.C. Kochel, R. D. Schikora, et al. F-16 Automatic Test System Solution for the Aerospace Expeditionary Force Concept. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2000, 14-30
(6) 郭崇贤．现代雷达接收机的CAT技术．现代雷达，1997，Vol．19，No．1：66-74
(7) 李柯，朱明武．兵器测试VXI总线平台设计．国外电子测量技术，1998，Vol．5：12-14
(8) 贺益友．基于VXI总线的某型飞行器自动测控系统研制与应用．系统工程与电子技术，1997，Vol．8：23-39
(9) 孙蓟沙，涂明武．采用VXI总线技术研制飞机通用检测系统的探讨．国外电子测量技术，1999，Vol．5：8-9
(10) 王格芳，黄允华等．通用雷达装备自动测试系统集成与开发．电子测量与仪器学报，2000增刊：342-347
(11) 周绍垒，许爱强等．某型飞机机载设备ATE系统的设计．测控技术，1999，Vol．18，No．1：22-24
(12) 刘岱．雷达系统的自检与测试．现代雷达，1999，Vol．21，No．2：62-65
(13) 王小谟，张光义．雷达与探测——现代战争的火眼金睛．北京：国防工业出版社2000
(14) 向敬成，张明友．雷达系统．北京：电子工业出版社2001
(15) 丁鹭飞，耿富录．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社2001
(16) 总装备部．GJB 4189-2001．精密进场雷达通用规范．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．2001
(17) 总装备部．GJB 3309-98．雷达信号产生和时间基准分系统性能测试方法 频率源主要性能．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1998
(18) 国防科工委．GJB 889．2-93．雷达接收分系统测试方法 动态范围、镜像频率抑制度、增益、带宽．北京：国防科工委军标出版发行部．1994
(19) 总装备部．GJB 3310-98．雷达天线分系统性能测试方法 方向图．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1998
(20) 国防科工委．GJB 3262-98．雷达天线分系统性能测试方法增益．北京：国防科工委军标出版发行部．1998
(21) 总装备部．GJB 3308-98．雷达馈线分系统性能测试方法 电压驻波比、损耗、额定功率、接收机漏过端功率、传输相位．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1998
(22) 总装备部．GJB 3892-99．机载脉冲多普勒火控雷达检验验收规范．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1999
(23) 总装各部．GJB 3896-99．机载轰炸雷达检验验收规范．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1999
(24) 总装备部．GJB 4203-2001．军用雷达敌我识别器性能测试方法．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．2001
(25) 陈光(礻禹)．VXI总线测试平台技术．成都：电子科技大学出版社1996
(26) 夏顺冬．雷达接收机的动态范围．现代雷达．1996，Vol．18，No．4：76-82
(27) 张效军，毛俊华等．VXI和PXI的取舍．测控技术．2000，Vol．19，No．4：34-36
(28) C. Nair, J. Kimery. Evaluation of VXI Controller Technology. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 1999, 613-621
(29) 李国厚，冯启高．基于PC的测量和仪器总线技术及其发展．电子测量与仪器学报．2000增刊：338-341
(30) 彭雪明，马良杰等．浅议军用ATE标准化问题．国外电子测量技术．1997，Vol．3：35-37
(31) 何沛霖，李斌等．CNC系统可靠性的模糊评价．中国机械工程．1999，Vol．10，No．11：1280-1281
(32) D. Cheij. A Software Architecture for Building Interchangeable Test Systems. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2001, 16-22
(2) 陈光(礻禹)．现代电子测试技术——信息装备的质量卫士．北京：国防工业出版社2000
(3) 曲东才．国外军用测试技术现状及发展趋势．国外电子测量技术，1999，Vol．4：4-16
(4) 金其明，欧洪武等．美国自动测试设备技术概述．出国考察报告，1995，Vol．1：115-120
(5) C.C. Kochel, R. D. Schikora, et al. F-16 Automatic Test System Solution for the Aerospace Expeditionary Force Concept. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2000, 14-30
(6) 郭崇贤．现代雷达接收机的CAT技术．现代雷达，1997，Vol．19，No．1：66-74
(7) 李柯，朱明武．兵器测试VXI总线平台设计．国外电子测量技术，1998，Vol．5：12-14
(8) 贺益友．基于VXI总线的某型飞行器自动测控系统研制与应用．系统工程与电子技术，1997，Vol．8：23-39
(9) 孙蓟沙，涂明武．采用VXI总线技术研制飞机通用检测系统的探讨．国外电子测量技术，1999，Vol．5：8-9
(10) 王格芳，黄允华等．通用雷达装备自动测试系统集成与开发．电子测量与仪器学报，2000增刊：342-347
(11) 周绍垒，许爱强等．某型飞机机载设备ATE系统的设计．测控技术，1999，Vol．18，No．1：22-24
(12) 刘岱．雷达系统的自检与测试．现代雷达，1999，Vol．21，No．2：62-65
(13) 王小谟，张光义．雷达与探测——现代战争的火眼金睛．北京：国防工业出版社2000
(14) 向敬成，张明友．雷达系统．北京：电子工业出版社2001
(15) 丁鹭飞，耿富录．雷达原理．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社2001
(16) 总装备部．GJB 4189-2001．精密进场雷达通用规范．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．2001
(17) 总装备部．GJB 3309-98．雷达信号产生和时间基准分系统性能测试方法 频率源主要性能．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1998
(18) 国防科工委．GJB 889．2-93．雷达接收分系统测试方法 动态范围、镜像频率抑制度、增益、带宽．北京：国防科工委军标出版发行部．1994
(19) 总装备部．GJB 3310-98．雷达天线分系统性能测试方法 方向图．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1998
(20) 国防科工委．GJB 3262-98．雷达天线分系统性能测试方法增益．北京：国防科工委军标出版发行部．1998
(21) 总装备部．GJB 3308-98．雷达馈线分系统性能测试方法 电压驻波比、损耗、额定功率、接收机漏过端功率、传输相位．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1998
(22) 总装备部．GJB 3892-99．机载脉冲多普勒火控雷达检验验收规范．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1999
(23) 总装各部．GJB 3896-99．机载轰炸雷达检验验收规范．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．1999
(24) 总装备部．GJB 4203-2001．军用雷达敌我识别器性能测试方法．北京：总装备部军标出版发行部．2001
(25) 陈光(礻禹)．VXI总线测试平台技术．成都：电子科技大学出版社1996
(26) 夏顺冬．雷达接收机的动态范围．现代雷达．1996，Vol．18，No．4：76-82
(27) 张效军，毛俊华等．VXI和PXI的取舍．测控技术．2000，Vol．19，No．4：34-36
(28) C. Nair, J. Kimery. Evaluation of VXI Controller Technology. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 1999, 613-621
(29) 李国厚，冯启高．基于PC的测量和仪器总线技术及其发展．电子测量与仪器学报．2000增刊：338-341
(30) 彭雪明，马良杰等．浅议军用ATE标准化问题．国外电子测量技术．1997，Vol．3：35-37
(31) 何沛霖，李斌等．CNC系统可靠性的模糊评价．中国机械工程．1999，Vol．10，No．11：1280-1281
(32) D. Cheij. A Software Architecture for Building Interchangeable Test Systems. AUTOTESTCON Proceedings, 2001, 16-22