敦煌中医药文献法藏卷子疑难字研究
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摘要
1900年敦煌莫高窟敦煌文献被发现后,各界学者纷纷进行了研究,其中包括中医学方面的内容。对中国传统医学而言,敦煌中医药文献显得弥足珍贵。这是由于其成形于千年之前,未经后人改动,保留了最接近历史的面貌,与传世文献相比,对中医学相关内容的阐述可能更为本真。然而,由于敦煌医药文献大都为抄本,文字俗写纷杂,加上卷子本身零散、残破不全,在文字的辨识上就给人们带来了种种困难,以致投入研究的学者寥寥无几。近几十年来,敦煌中医药文献研究有了新的进展,但从已有的书籍及论文来看,仍有很多值得商榷的地方。而现代医学工作者见到的原始医药文献较少,因而对于古文献的专业工作者来说,需要更加准确地释读敦煌中医药文献,以便更好地发挥其理论与实际临床应用价值。
     敦煌中医药文献的分布情况,与敦煌文献总体的分布情况一致,主要藏于英国、法国、俄国、德国、日本这几个国家。由于时间关系,本论文仅立足于法藏敦煌中医药文献传统中医学(主要分为医经诊法、医术医方、本草、针灸四类)的部分,以敦煌中医药文献的四本系统校录书(《敦煌古医籍考释》、《敦煌医药文献辑校》、《敦煌中医药全书》、《敦煌古医籍校证》)为主要参照本,将其中辨读结果有异的或者辨读一致但可能均有误的文字列为疑难字范畴,利用文字、音韵、训诂等传统语言文字学知识和校勘学知识,结合医理,对其进行考辨,得出较符合历史原貌或原意的文字,从而完善敦煌中医古籍的整理。
Since the Dunhuang scrolls have been discovered in a hidden cave of Mogaoku, Dunhuang County, in1900, scholars from all sorts of fields have been doing research on it, including traditional Chinese medical literature. Written over a thousand years ago, the Dunhuang manuscripts have not been modified by later generations, but have retained their original face. Within traditional Chinese medical literature, Dunhuang manuscripts provide very valuable information. Comparing Dunhuang manuscript texts with other materials handed down from ancient times, they can illuminate a broader meaning. But as these documents were all copied by hand, there are popular forms of characters and character variations. This, as well as the texts being scattered and incomplete, makes text reading difficult and few scholars are willing to take this task. New advance in research of Dunhuang traditional Chinese medical literature has been made in recent decades, but according to published books and articles, there are still many questionable viewpoints. As only a few of the original medical literatures are known in the modern academic field, so prudent explanation of Dunhuang traditional Chinese medical literature is quite valuable to the theory as well as to practical clinical application.
     The distribution of Dunhuang medical manuscripts is almost the same as that of Dunhuang literature, they're mainly hidden in Britain, France, Russia, Germany and Japan. Because of time limitations, this research only chooses Dunhuang traditional Chinese medical literature in France (divided into the following four parts:the medical classics, prescriptions, materia medica and acupuncture). Taking four systematic proofread books (Textual Research on Dunhuang Medical Manuscripts, Interpretation of Dunhuang Medical Documents, Dunhuang Chinese Medicine Encyclopedia, Proofreading on Ancient Dunhuang Medical Manuscripts) as reference, this thesis is about difficult and complicated characters in those four areas of medical literature. The characters are either read differently or in accordance but with mistakes. The thesis is researching "difficult and complicated characters" by using traditional linguistics including philology, phonology, explanations of words in ancient books and textual knowledge, combined with medical knowledge to obtain the correct result corresponding to the original version, in order to improve the arrangement of ancient Dunhuang medical manuscripts.
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