摘要
计算机视觉的一个主要研究领域在于由二维图像识别三维目标。这个问题可以表述为:如何从多视点的二维图像去恢复三维目标信息,并进而获取目标和场景的多尺度、多视点二维图像,为后续的识别提供目标的多尺度、多视点模型。本文利用目标区域的遥感影像,获取三维信息,并建立符合飞行器观测平台视点的二维成像模型,以生成不同视点和尺度的图像序列,用于与实时图匹配,从而达到提高目标识别精度的目的。
论文提出一种基于立体像对生成多尺度多视点二维景象图的方法。首先通过目标区域的立体像对提取三维信息,建立仿真空间中目标的三维模型。第二步建立了一种物方空间坐标系到VTK仿真三维场景空间坐标系的变换,即记录飞行器观测平台飞行轨迹的地心坐标系到定位仿真三维场景的平面坐标系的变换,同时在仿真三维场景中定位飞行器观测平台姿态坐标系,用3个角分量:俯仰角、偏航角、滚动角来描述相机姿态变化,从而在仿真三维场景空间中恢复目标区域和飞行器观测平台视点之间的空间位置相对关系,同时通过成像原理和空间坐标系变换的研究证明了这种方法可以模拟飞行器观测平台视点变换的二维投影关系,并通过实验证明了生成的多尺度多视点二维投影图与飞行器观测平台实时图具有极高的相似度。
飞行器的前视景象匹配/识别技术要求生成目标区域的前视基准图。针对这种技术需求,论文提供了一种生成多视点多尺度二维投影图的方法,通过模拟飞行器平台视点变化,生成二维投影图序列,用于后续的目标识别中。
事实上,由二维基准图识别三维目标的技术已经广泛应用于城市建设规划、生态环境研究、人工智能等领域。论文的方法为提供这种技术需要的二维基准图提出了一条具有可实施性的新途径。
A main task in Computer Vision is the target recognition problem from 2D image to 3D entity. The main problem exists in such field is the way to extract multi-scale and multi-visual point 2D image and offer a multi-scale and multi-visual matching template for further target recognition by using 3D information rebuilt from multi-visual point 2D image. In this paper we proposed a method to produce multi-scale and multi-visual point image sequence by two steps:3D structure rebuilt from remote-control image and the projective geometry model we built to simulate visual point transform caused by movement of observer in air vehicles.
In this paper, we set up an algorithm to produce multi-visual point images based on satellite remote-control stereo images and did necessary research and experiments involved in Digital Photogrammetry and Computer Vision.
Firstly, we built a practical 3D reconstruction algorithm based on target’s stereo image pair, then we built a 3D model of target by using VTK(Visual toolkit).
Secondly, we proposed a coordinate system transform from object space coordinates to simulation 3D space coordinates, which means the transform from Geocentric coordinate system which determines the location of observer in air vehicles to the plane coordinate system which determines the location of target’s 3D model in the simulation 3D space. In this paper we also transformed and located the observer attitude coordinate system which described the camera pose by 3 angle parameters: elevation、roll、azimuth, from object space to simulation 3D space structured by OpenGL toolkit. Therefore, we rebuilt the relative location relationship between target and observer in air vehicle in the simulation 3D space and produce 2D reference images with the same visual point as observer in air vehicle.
This paper proposed a new method to produce multi-scale and multi-visual images. It’s necessary to match 2D reference image with 3D target generally used in applications in city plan and construction、eco-environmental construction planning、unpiloted technology and precision guidance technology.
引文
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