基于多种遥感数据的电力线走廊特征物提取方法研究
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摘要
随着世界各国电网的加速发展,对电力输电网等基础设施的安全维护工作也提出了更高的要求。长期以来,对电力线网的巡检和维护工作主要依靠人工实地勘察来完成,这种人工巡线方法效率低,成本高,安全性差。而利用航空遥感技术进行电力巡线成为电力部门的迫切要求。在建立实时更新的三维巡线地理信息系统或精确测量电力线和周围植被之间的相对距离时,遥感数据类型的确定,以及从遥感数据中提取电力线走廊特征物的方法都是需要考虑的问题。这也是本文的研究目标所在。
本文首先研究了基于不同遥感数据的电力线路走廊特征物提取方法,在此基础上探讨这些遥感数据应用于电力巡检的优劣。具体研究内容包括：复杂自然背景条件下高分辨率无人机航拍影像中电力线的自动提取,基于多光谱影像树冠的准确分割和树木高度的估算,以及基于LIDAR数据的电力线点精确提取及三维重建,在以上研究工作的基础上,探讨了不同遥感数据应用到电力巡线的优劣及发展趋势。其主要的研究成果和内容如下：
(1)对无人机高分辨率航空光学影像中电力线的完整提取进行了详细研究。本文在总结电力线在低空无人机影像中的特性基础上,比较了各种边缘检测算子在直线提取中的优劣,将一种抗强噪声的Gabor滤波方法引入到电力线段提取中,深入分析了Gabor算子的参数选择方法,最后采用改进的Hough变换方法精确拟合滤波后的电力线段。实验证明,Gabor滤波算子在增强具有一定宽度的线状地物及背景噪声去除方面,确实体现出优于其它边缘检测算子的特点。并且改进的Hough变换提取直线的方法能有效的避免伪电力线的产生。
(2)对高分辨率航空多光谱近红外影像中的树冠提取及高程计算进行了研究。首先通过摄影测量手段获取电力线走廊的数字表面模型及正射影像,再通过计算NDVI植被指数,较快、较精确的获取树冠区域,最后通过提取的树冠区域与DSM,计算树冠的高程。本文提出的基于植被指数的树冠提取方法相比传统的利用边缘检测算子精度更高。在树高的估算中,充分考虑了影像的几何变形及地面的高低起伏,树冠提取及高程估算方法更为严谨。
(3)研究了从机载激光雷达点云数据中自动提取电力线并三维重建电力线走廊的方法。总结了电力线在激光雷达数据中的特性,设计了一种基于角度的点云滤波方法及电力线点提取,自动三维重建方法。该方法的特点是能够较完整的提取激光雷达数据中的电力线点,曲线拟合后形成完整的,连续的电力线走廊。
在此基础上,本文最后对不同遥感数据运用到电力巡线中的优劣做了总结,探讨了基于遥感技术的电力巡线系统的发展趋势。研究成果对电力线的安全生产和检测,以及三维电力巡线地理信息系统的构建,有一定的参考价值和应用前景。
The rapid development of the world power grid brings up higher requirement to the security maintenance of electricity grid and other infrastructure facilities。Over the past years, the power lines inspection and maintenance mainly depend on manual survey and construction, which is inefficient, high cost and poor security。For this reason, it is an urgent requirement for power enterprise to make use of remote sensing technology for power line inspection. When you prepared to establish the real-time 3D power lines inspection geographic information systems or accurately measure the distance between the power lines and corridors vegetations, the identification of type of remote sensing data and corridor feature extraction method should be considered. This is also the research objective of this dissertation。
In this thesis, the corridor feature extraction method based on different remote sensing data is first studied. And the application advantages of remote sensing data for power lines inspection are also discussed. The concrete research content includes the power lines automatic extraction method from UAV aerial images, the accuracy segmentation and height estimation method of tree canopy based on multi-spectral images, power lines extraction and 3D construction method from airborne LIDAR data. At last, an economic, rational, efficient remote sensing data acquisition program is also discussed. The main innovation results of this dissertation are listed as follows:
(1) The power lines extraction method from high resolution optical UAV RS image are studied in detail. The properties of power lines in aerial optical images are firstly analyzed and summarized, then the advantages of different edge detection operator for straight line detection are reviewed and compared. A strong anti-noise Gabor filter operator is presented and the parameter selection of Gabor filter is also in depth analyzed. Finally an improved Hough transform for power line segments fitting is introduced. This experiment shows that the Gabor filter is obviously better than other edge detection operator in line detection and background noise removal.
(2) The method of corridor tree crown extraction and height calculation based on high-resolution multi-spectral NIR image is discussed. First of all, the DSM and DOM of power lines corridor are obtained using the photogrammetry technology, and then the tree crown areas are fast, accurately achieved by calculating the NDVI vegetation index, and finally the tree crown height is estimated through the detected crown area and DSM. In this paper, the tree crown area detection method base on calculating vegetation index is more accuracy than the conventional extraction method using edge detection. In the part of tree crown height estimate, the image geometric distortion and ground fluctuation are both considered. So the canopy extraction and elevation estimation method is more precise and perfect.
(3) This dissertation has made a useful exploration for power lines automatic extraction and 3D reconstruction from airborne LIDAR data. This paper has made an earlier study on the automatic power lines extraction and fitting method. Firstly, the characteristics of power lines in LIDAR data are reviewed, and then a kind of cloud points filter based on angle and a power line points extraction and automatic 3D reconstruction procedure are designed. The ability to extract the major power lines points from LIDAR data and automatic curve fitting to form a precise, continuous power lines corridor is the characteristics in this method.
On the above basis, the merits and prospects of using different remote sensing data for power lines corridor inspection were in a brief summarized. For the research achievement, there is some reference value and good application prospect on power lines security inspection and the construction of 3D power lines inspection geographical information system.
本文首先研究了基于不同遥感数据的电力线路走廊特征物提取方法,在此基础上探讨这些遥感数据应用于电力巡检的优劣。具体研究内容包括：复杂自然背景条件下高分辨率无人机航拍影像中电力线的自动提取,基于多光谱影像树冠的准确分割和树木高度的估算,以及基于LIDAR数据的电力线点精确提取及三维重建,在以上研究工作的基础上,探讨了不同遥感数据应用到电力巡线的优劣及发展趋势。其主要的研究成果和内容如下：
(1)对无人机高分辨率航空光学影像中电力线的完整提取进行了详细研究。本文在总结电力线在低空无人机影像中的特性基础上,比较了各种边缘检测算子在直线提取中的优劣,将一种抗强噪声的Gabor滤波方法引入到电力线段提取中,深入分析了Gabor算子的参数选择方法,最后采用改进的Hough变换方法精确拟合滤波后的电力线段。实验证明,Gabor滤波算子在增强具有一定宽度的线状地物及背景噪声去除方面,确实体现出优于其它边缘检测算子的特点。并且改进的Hough变换提取直线的方法能有效的避免伪电力线的产生。
(2)对高分辨率航空多光谱近红外影像中的树冠提取及高程计算进行了研究。首先通过摄影测量手段获取电力线走廊的数字表面模型及正射影像,再通过计算NDVI植被指数,较快、较精确的获取树冠区域,最后通过提取的树冠区域与DSM,计算树冠的高程。本文提出的基于植被指数的树冠提取方法相比传统的利用边缘检测算子精度更高。在树高的估算中,充分考虑了影像的几何变形及地面的高低起伏,树冠提取及高程估算方法更为严谨。
(3)研究了从机载激光雷达点云数据中自动提取电力线并三维重建电力线走廊的方法。总结了电力线在激光雷达数据中的特性,设计了一种基于角度的点云滤波方法及电力线点提取,自动三维重建方法。该方法的特点是能够较完整的提取激光雷达数据中的电力线点,曲线拟合后形成完整的,连续的电力线走廊。
在此基础上,本文最后对不同遥感数据运用到电力巡线中的优劣做了总结,探讨了基于遥感技术的电力巡线系统的发展趋势。研究成果对电力线的安全生产和检测,以及三维电力巡线地理信息系统的构建,有一定的参考价值和应用前景。
The rapid development of the world power grid brings up higher requirement to the security maintenance of electricity grid and other infrastructure facilities。Over the past years, the power lines inspection and maintenance mainly depend on manual survey and construction, which is inefficient, high cost and poor security。For this reason, it is an urgent requirement for power enterprise to make use of remote sensing technology for power line inspection. When you prepared to establish the real-time 3D power lines inspection geographic information systems or accurately measure the distance between the power lines and corridors vegetations, the identification of type of remote sensing data and corridor feature extraction method should be considered. This is also the research objective of this dissertation。
In this thesis, the corridor feature extraction method based on different remote sensing data is first studied. And the application advantages of remote sensing data for power lines inspection are also discussed. The concrete research content includes the power lines automatic extraction method from UAV aerial images, the accuracy segmentation and height estimation method of tree canopy based on multi-spectral images, power lines extraction and 3D construction method from airborne LIDAR data. At last, an economic, rational, efficient remote sensing data acquisition program is also discussed. The main innovation results of this dissertation are listed as follows:
(1) The power lines extraction method from high resolution optical UAV RS image are studied in detail. The properties of power lines in aerial optical images are firstly analyzed and summarized, then the advantages of different edge detection operator for straight line detection are reviewed and compared. A strong anti-noise Gabor filter operator is presented and the parameter selection of Gabor filter is also in depth analyzed. Finally an improved Hough transform for power line segments fitting is introduced. This experiment shows that the Gabor filter is obviously better than other edge detection operator in line detection and background noise removal.
(2) The method of corridor tree crown extraction and height calculation based on high-resolution multi-spectral NIR image is discussed. First of all, the DSM and DOM of power lines corridor are obtained using the photogrammetry technology, and then the tree crown areas are fast, accurately achieved by calculating the NDVI vegetation index, and finally the tree crown height is estimated through the detected crown area and DSM. In this paper, the tree crown area detection method base on calculating vegetation index is more accuracy than the conventional extraction method using edge detection. In the part of tree crown height estimate, the image geometric distortion and ground fluctuation are both considered. So the canopy extraction and elevation estimation method is more precise and perfect.
(3) This dissertation has made a useful exploration for power lines automatic extraction and 3D reconstruction from airborne LIDAR data. This paper has made an earlier study on the automatic power lines extraction and fitting method. Firstly, the characteristics of power lines in LIDAR data are reviewed, and then a kind of cloud points filter based on angle and a power line points extraction and automatic 3D reconstruction procedure are designed. The ability to extract the major power lines points from LIDAR data and automatic curve fitting to form a precise, continuous power lines corridor is the characteristics in this method.
On the above basis, the merits and prospects of using different remote sensing data for power lines corridor inspection were in a brief summarized. For the research achievement, there is some reference value and good application prospect on power lines security inspection and the construction of 3D power lines inspection geographical information system.
引文
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