锭子装配中锭杆与锭盘压配变形机理研究
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摘要
锭子是纺纱机上加拈卷绕的主要部件之一,为细长回转轴组合件,其主体是锭杆与锭盘。锭子属易损件,正常情况下,我国年需求量约为800万锭左右。目前国内普遍采用压入法过盈联接将锭杆与锭盘结合成回转体。由于存在着诸多对过盈装配工艺参数的影响因素,导致锭子压配后的变形增大,检测区域内径向圆跳动超差,近三分之一需要返修或剔除。因此分析研究锭子压配变形,提高装配精度对企业具有一定的现实意义。本文以细纱锭子(D32)为研究对象,在不考虑压装设备精度影响的前提下,重点分析其它装配工艺参数,尤其是过盈量对压配变形的影响。首先按照国标给定的公式,计算出现行工艺参数下理论极限过盈量,并以最大过盈量为参考值,确定三组不同过盈量为后续分析的主要参数;其次利用有限元理论及ANSYS软件,对锭子杆盘挤压装配过程进行模拟,得出三组不同过盈量下锭杆和锭盘的等效应力云图。在进行ANSYS软件模拟时,鉴于锭杆和锭盘是完全轴对称图形,以二维代替三维,简化运算以提高求解速度;考虑到杆盘的图形比较复杂,在网格划分时选用自由网格划分模式;在接触问题处理时采用了状态非线性分析中的面—面接触,进行模拟分析。最后通过试验得到了三组不同过盈量下,锭杆与锭盘检测位置的径向圆跳动误差,通过与计算和模拟情况的比对,其结果相互印证,说明分析研究结果是可信的。综合归纳起来,本文得出的研究结论为:D32锭子实际压配过盈量偏大,是造成近三分之一锭子返修的重要原因之一;实际压配过盈量下,锭杆结合部的应力小于锭盘,其最大应力与应变值仍然在弹性范围内,但锭盘结合部的应力值大大超出弹性范围;当压入量为2mm,最大过盈量为0.04mm时(接近计算得出的最大过盈量0.038mm),杆盘压配后的变形最小。本研究结果为企业改进锭子杆盘装配工艺,提高装配精度,提供了参考依据,同时也为后续锭子与锭杆自动装配系统的设计奠定了基础。
Spindle is one of the major components of spinning machine’s twisting and winding,it is a elongated shaft assembly ,spindle wharve and spindle blade are the main parts. Spindles are wearing parts, with normal conditions, China's annual demand is about 8 million. Spindle wharve and spindle blade are forced fitted by pressing-in method.Currently widely, combined as a revolving body. Because there are many factors influencing the parameters of interference assembly process, leading to deformation of the spindle after forced fitting, the given test points’radial run-out of conjunction is overproof. Therefore, analyzing the deformation of the spindle after forced fitting, improving the assembly precision for the enterprise has a certain practical significance.In this paper, spinning spindles (D32) as the research object without taking into account the impact of press-fit equipment’s accuracy in the premise, focusing on analysis of other parameters of assembly process, in particular the interference on the deformation of forced fitting. First, according to the formulas which national standard gives,it can calculate the theoretical limit interference with existing process parameters, and use the greatest interference as a reference value to determine three different interference for the key parameter of follow-up analysis; Followed by the use of finite element theory and ANSYS software, to simulate spindle wharve and spindle blad forced fitting process, obtained equivalent stress cloud graphics of spindle blade and spindle wharve with three different interference.When using ANSYS software to simulate, in view of spindle blade and spindle wharve are completely axisymmetric graphics, using two-dimensional instead of three-dimensional, streamline operations to improve the solution speed; taking into account spindle blade and spindle wharve graphics are complicated, gridding them with the free choice of gridding classification model; when dealing with the contact problem, we can use the face-face contact of state non-linear analysis to simulate and analyze. Finally through testing the radial circle run-out errors of three different groups spindle blades and spindle wharves and their related interference, comparing with calculations and simulations, the results can confirm each other, so indicate that the findings are credible .To sum up, this study reached conclusions:the interference which forced fitting D32 spindles actually is quite large, it is one of the important reasons which caused nearly a third of spindles for repairing; with the actual forced fitting interference, the spindle blade’s stress is less than spindle wharve in the contact part, the maximum stress and strain values are still in the elastic range, but the stress of spindle wharve is beyond elastic range in the contact part; when pressed into the amount of 2mm, the largest interference is 0.04mm (which is closed to the maximum interference of 0.038mm reached by calculation), the deformation of spindle blade and spindle wharve after forced fitting is the smallest. The results of this study provide a reference for the enterprises to improve assembly process of spindle blade and spindle wharve,and improve assembly precision , but also lay the foundation for follow-up spindle automatic assembly system design.
Spindle is one of the major components of spinning machine’s twisting and winding,it is a elongated shaft assembly ,spindle wharve and spindle blade are the main parts. Spindles are wearing parts, with normal conditions, China's annual demand is about 8 million. Spindle wharve and spindle blade are forced fitted by pressing-in method.Currently widely, combined as a revolving body. Because there are many factors influencing the parameters of interference assembly process, leading to deformation of the spindle after forced fitting, the given test points’radial run-out of conjunction is overproof. Therefore, analyzing the deformation of the spindle after forced fitting, improving the assembly precision for the enterprise has a certain practical significance.In this paper, spinning spindles (D32) as the research object without taking into account the impact of press-fit equipment’s accuracy in the premise, focusing on analysis of other parameters of assembly process, in particular the interference on the deformation of forced fitting. First, according to the formulas which national standard gives,it can calculate the theoretical limit interference with existing process parameters, and use the greatest interference as a reference value to determine three different interference for the key parameter of follow-up analysis; Followed by the use of finite element theory and ANSYS software, to simulate spindle wharve and spindle blad forced fitting process, obtained equivalent stress cloud graphics of spindle blade and spindle wharve with three different interference.When using ANSYS software to simulate, in view of spindle blade and spindle wharve are completely axisymmetric graphics, using two-dimensional instead of three-dimensional, streamline operations to improve the solution speed; taking into account spindle blade and spindle wharve graphics are complicated, gridding them with the free choice of gridding classification model; when dealing with the contact problem, we can use the face-face contact of state non-linear analysis to simulate and analyze. Finally through testing the radial circle run-out errors of three different groups spindle blades and spindle wharves and their related interference, comparing with calculations and simulations, the results can confirm each other, so indicate that the findings are credible .To sum up, this study reached conclusions:the interference which forced fitting D32 spindles actually is quite large, it is one of the important reasons which caused nearly a third of spindles for repairing; with the actual forced fitting interference, the spindle blade’s stress is less than spindle wharve in the contact part, the maximum stress and strain values are still in the elastic range, but the stress of spindle wharve is beyond elastic range in the contact part; when pressed into the amount of 2mm, the largest interference is 0.04mm (which is closed to the maximum interference of 0.038mm reached by calculation), the deformation of spindle blade and spindle wharve after forced fitting is the smallest. The results of this study provide a reference for the enterprises to improve assembly process of spindle blade and spindle wharve,and improve assembly precision , but also lay the foundation for follow-up spindle automatic assembly system design.
引文
[1]陈瑞琪.纺纱锭子的理论与实践[J].纺织工业出版社,1990:214~216
[2]朱德昭,侯海民.棉纺锭子发展趋势的探讨[J].现代纺织研究,2007,5: 36~38
[3]吴生林.依靠科技进步发展我国纺织机械[J].纺织机械,1997,(1):9~11
[4] ZENGQIANG CAO ,CARDEW-HALL M.Interference-fit riveting technique in fiber composite laminates.Aerospace science and echnology. ISSN 1270-9638 2006:327~330
[5]李妙福.棉纺环锭细纱机高速纺纱技术的应用[J].棉纺织技术,2009,37(1):8
[6]朱德昭.细纱锭子的现状与展望[J].纺织机械,2005,2:21~23
[7] Peter Artzt.short—staple on the way to net year structur and better row material utilsatron. text Balletin 2009.4 P18~20
[8] KIH leary. short staple Rin Spinning. text Asia 2008.9 P19~23
[9]叶国铭.锭子结构及动力学[D].上海:中国纺织大学.1998
[10]王镛.自动化装配技术的研究与发展[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.1990,11:2~3
[11] MC Oberti - US .Process and apparatus for fibre wetting in spinning device of the ring-spindle-traveler type Patent 3,969~882, 1976
[12]徐文英.2007年棉纺织行业经济景气分析报告[J].纺织服装周刊,2008:12~13.
[13]唐国礼.棉纺细纱锭子的发展及其正确使用[J].纺织器材,1989,1,16~18
[14]王果刚,孟进.棉纺企业技术改造方向探讨[J].纺织服装周刊,2008:26~27.
[15]徐彪,罗亚梅.环锭细纱机锭子发展的新动向[J].纺织机械,2006,(5):13~15
[16]河南第二纺织机械有限公司机械设计手册
[17]刘宗昌,任慧平,郝少祥.金属材料工程概述[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007: 36~38
[18]王爱珍.工程材料及成形技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:98,113~115.
[19]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:126~127.
[20]修世超,孙江,韩学军.过盈联接传递扭矩的可靠性[J].黄金学报,1999,1(2):114~115
[21] GB/T 5371-2004.极限与配合:过盈配合的计算和选用[S],北京:中国标准出版社,2004:2~6
[22] GB/T 15755-1995.圆锥过盈配合的计算和选用(摘要) [S],北京:中国标准出版社,1999
[23]修世超.过盈联结过盈量的计算与修正[J].黄金学报,2000(2):2
[24]吕跃勇.细纱锭子的技术进步与分析(一)[J].纺织器材,2007,34(6):423~427.
[25]吕跃勇.细纱锭子的技术进步与分析(二[)J].纺织器材,2007,34(6): 487~490.
[26]黄国权.有限元法基础及ANSYS实用[M].北京:机械工业学出版社,1999:3,175.
[27]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1,55,140~142.
[28] Hsu TM, Kathiresan K.Analysis of Cracks at an Attachment Lug Having an Interference-Fit Bushing. Jan 1983:22
[29] Wedimir kurkow.Aner Syslem for ring spinning.text Buletin ,2001.6 p51~52
[30] D J WHITE, J HUMPHERSON.Finite-element analysis of stresses in shafts due to interference-fit hubs. Professional Engineering Publishing.1999:105~114
[31] Taylor, Christopher M. .Finite-element computer program for axisymmetric loading situations where components may have a relative interference fit. Washington 1977
[32]张朝晖.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:429~440.
[33]李景湧．有限元法［M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004:126.
[34] Goel, R.Analysis of an Interference-Fit spindle Connection. Manufacturing Technology. 1978: 248~251
[2]朱德昭,侯海民.棉纺锭子发展趋势的探讨[J].现代纺织研究,2007,5: 36~38
[3]吴生林.依靠科技进步发展我国纺织机械[J].纺织机械,1997,(1):9~11
[4] ZENGQIANG CAO ,CARDEW-HALL M.Interference-fit riveting technique in fiber composite laminates.Aerospace science and echnology. ISSN 1270-9638 2006:327~330
[5]李妙福.棉纺环锭细纱机高速纺纱技术的应用[J].棉纺织技术,2009,37(1):8
[6]朱德昭.细纱锭子的现状与展望[J].纺织机械,2005,2:21~23
[7] Peter Artzt.short—staple on the way to net year structur and better row material utilsatron. text Balletin 2009.4 P18~20
[8] KIH leary. short staple Rin Spinning. text Asia 2008.9 P19~23
[9]叶国铭.锭子结构及动力学[D].上海:中国纺织大学.1998
[10]王镛.自动化装配技术的研究与发展[J].组合机床与自动化加工技术.1990,11:2~3
[11] MC Oberti - US .Process and apparatus for fibre wetting in spinning device of the ring-spindle-traveler type Patent 3,969~882, 1976
[12]徐文英.2007年棉纺织行业经济景气分析报告[J].纺织服装周刊,2008:12~13.
[13]唐国礼.棉纺细纱锭子的发展及其正确使用[J].纺织器材,1989,1,16~18
[14]王果刚,孟进.棉纺企业技术改造方向探讨[J].纺织服装周刊,2008:26~27.
[15]徐彪,罗亚梅.环锭细纱机锭子发展的新动向[J].纺织机械,2006,(5):13~15
[16]河南第二纺织机械有限公司机械设计手册
[17]刘宗昌,任慧平,郝少祥.金属材料工程概述[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2007: 36~38
[18]王爱珍.工程材料及成形技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003:98,113~115.
[19]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2001:126~127.
[20]修世超,孙江,韩学军.过盈联接传递扭矩的可靠性[J].黄金学报,1999,1(2):114~115
[21] GB/T 5371-2004.极限与配合:过盈配合的计算和选用[S],北京:中国标准出版社,2004:2~6
[22] GB/T 15755-1995.圆锥过盈配合的计算和选用(摘要) [S],北京:中国标准出版社,1999
[23]修世超.过盈联结过盈量的计算与修正[J].黄金学报,2000(2):2
[24]吕跃勇.细纱锭子的技术进步与分析(一)[J].纺织器材,2007,34(6):423~427.
[25]吕跃勇.细纱锭子的技术进步与分析(二[)J].纺织器材,2007,34(6): 487~490.
[26]黄国权.有限元法基础及ANSYS实用[M].北京:机械工业学出版社,1999:3,175.
[27]李黎明.ANSYS有限元分析实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005:1,55,140~142.
[28] Hsu TM, Kathiresan K.Analysis of Cracks at an Attachment Lug Having an Interference-Fit Bushing. Jan 1983:22
[29] Wedimir kurkow.Aner Syslem for ring spinning.text Buletin ,2001.6 p51~52
[30] D J WHITE, J HUMPHERSON.Finite-element analysis of stresses in shafts due to interference-fit hubs. Professional Engineering Publishing.1999:105~114
[31] Taylor, Christopher M. .Finite-element computer program for axisymmetric loading situations where components may have a relative interference fit. Washington 1977
[32]张朝晖.ANSYS11.0结构分析工程应用实例解析[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008:429~440.
[33]李景湧．有限元法［M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2004:126.
[34] Goel, R.Analysis of an Interference-Fit spindle Connection. Manufacturing Technology. 1978: 248~251