飞轮电池储能关键技术研究
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摘要
飞轮电池是一种新型机电能量转换与储存装置，具有大储能量、高功率、无污染、高效率、适用广、无噪声、长寿命等优点，有着广阔的应用前景。它主要由高速飞轮转子、磁浮轴承系统、电动／发电机等组成，是一种典型的机电磁一体化产品。其研究涉及到机械、材料、电工、热工、计算机等多学科的交叉，国内外目前大都在研究原型装置，对设计理论与方法尚未进行系统深入的研究，本论文则对飞轮电池储能涉及的两大关键技术——飞轮转子设计与磁浮轴承及其相关技术进行了系统的理论分析与仿真研究。
第一章阐述了课题的研究背景与意义，分析了飞轮电池的储能原理及其关键技术，综述了国内外的研究现状及其应用前景，提出了本论文研究的主要内容。
第二章对飞轮电池储能能力及其影响因素进行了分析，对不同材料飞轮的储能能力进行了比较和分析。在分析了飞轮转子各种应力分析方法优缺点的基础上，对不同材料不同结构的飞轮转子的应力分布作了定量分析和比较。推导了复合材料飞轮的应力计算公式，并对飞轮转子应力分布的影响因素进行了分析研究，提出了飞轮转子结构参数的设计方法。
第三章对永磁轴承的稳定性进行了分析，提出了改善稳定性的方法，推导了永磁轴承磁力与刚度计算公式，对各种构型永磁轴承的性质进行了分析研究。提出了采用有限元法分析永磁轴承力学特性的分析方法，并就轴承结构参数对轴承力学特性的影响进行了研究。
第四章对电磁轴承的基本理论进行了研究。在磁路分析的基础上，推导了磁力、磁通密度和电感的计算公式。并对电磁轴承的两种电磁结构——无永磁偏置与有永磁偏置电磁铁的电磁力计算方法进行了研究，提出了一种引入修正系数的磁路计算方法，并对基于PD和PID控制的电磁轴承力学特性进行了研究。
第五章在分析了各种磁轴承系统拓扑结构的基础上，提出了一种新型的由径向永磁轴承与轴向电磁轴承组成的单轴主动控制的飞轮电池磁轴承系统结构。对磁轴承系统的结构配置、结构参数计算、轴承悬浮特性等方面进行了详细分析与讨论，并建立了系统动力学模型。
第六章在上述理论研究的基础上，提出了飞轮电池较为系统的设计过程和方法，并通过对一种新型飞轮电池装置主体结构全面的设计分析与仿真研究，包括金属飞轮与复合材料飞轮的设计、永磁轴承与电磁轴承的结构计算、控制系统设计以及电机选择、充放电控制等，验证了其设计方法的可行性。
第七章对全文的研究工作进行了总结，给出了主要的研究成果和结论，并分析了本论文的主要创新点，提出了有待进一步深入研究的问题。
飞轮电池是一种应用前景广阔的新型绿色动力电池，论文对其储能关键技术的研究，既有很大的理论和技术难度，又有重大的工业应用价值。
Flywheel battery is a novel energy storage device which can realize energy conversion between mechanical energy and electric energy. It has many advantages including high energy storage,high power,no pollution,high storage efficiency,wide application,noise free,long cycle life,and so on. Flywheel battery is a typically electromechanical and electromagnetical product with some main parts:high speed flywheel,magnetic bearing system,motor/generator,etc. The study of flywheel battery concerns the intercross of many disciplines,such as mechanism,material,electronic engineering,heat engineering,computer,and so on. In this dissertation,two main key techniques,the high speed flywheel rotor and the magnetic bearing,are investigated deeply and systematically.
The main contents of this dissertation are as following:
In Chapter 1,the background,source,purpose and significance of the subject are introduced. The principle and key techniques of energy storage for the flywheel battery are analyzed. The international research situation and application prospects of flywheel battery are also presented. Based on this,the author brings up the main studying contents of this dissertation.
In Chapter 2,the energy storage ability of the flywheel battery and its affecting factors are analyzed. The energy storage ability of different material flywheels are compared and analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of all sorts of stress analysis methods,the stress distributions of flywheel rotors with different structures and different materials are analyzed quantitatively and compared. The computation expressions of the stress for composite flywheel are derived. The affecting factors on the stress distribution for the flywheel rotors are analyzed and investigated. And the design method of structure parameters for the flywheel rotor is presented.
In Chapter 3,the stability of permanent magnet bearings is analyzed. And the modified methods which can improve the stability of the permanent magnet bearings are studied. The computation expressions of the magnetic force and stiffness of the permanent magnet bearings are derived. The characteristics of the magnetic bearings with different structures are studied. The analysis method is presented,which can analyze the mechanical characteristics of permanent bearings by using finite element method. And the influence of the structure parameters on characteristics of the bearings is studied.
In Chapter 4,the basic theory of magnetic bearings is investigated. Based on the analysis of the magnetic circuit,the computation expressions of the magnetic force,magnetic flux density and inductance are derived. Two calculation methods of the electromagnetic force are studied for two typical configurations of the magnetic bearings. One configuration utilizes the permanent magnet to provide a bias flux and the other configuration has no source of bias flux. Based on the simplified analytical model,an improved analytical model is developed by adding correction factors to the
simplified model. The characteristics of the magnetic bearings are studied based on PD and PID control strategies.
In Chapter 5,based on the analysis of all sorts of topology structures of magnetic bearing systems,one single-axis controlled system structure of hybrid magnetic bearings for flywheel battery is presented,which is made of two radial permanent magnet bearings and one axial magnetic bearing. The computation of the structural parameters and the suspension characteristics of the magnetic bearing system are analyzed and discussed in details. And the system dynamic model is built.
In Chapter 6,on the basis of the above theory studies,the design process and method of the flywheel battery is presented. The feasibility of the design method is also verified through the designing a small flywheel battery device. The design contents include the design of the flywheel rotor of metal and composite materials respectively,the structure computation of the permanent magnet bearing and magnetic bearing,the control design of the magnetic be
第一章阐述了课题的研究背景与意义，分析了飞轮电池的储能原理及其关键技术，综述了国内外的研究现状及其应用前景，提出了本论文研究的主要内容。
第二章对飞轮电池储能能力及其影响因素进行了分析，对不同材料飞轮的储能能力进行了比较和分析。在分析了飞轮转子各种应力分析方法优缺点的基础上，对不同材料不同结构的飞轮转子的应力分布作了定量分析和比较。推导了复合材料飞轮的应力计算公式，并对飞轮转子应力分布的影响因素进行了分析研究，提出了飞轮转子结构参数的设计方法。
第三章对永磁轴承的稳定性进行了分析，提出了改善稳定性的方法，推导了永磁轴承磁力与刚度计算公式，对各种构型永磁轴承的性质进行了分析研究。提出了采用有限元法分析永磁轴承力学特性的分析方法，并就轴承结构参数对轴承力学特性的影响进行了研究。
第四章对电磁轴承的基本理论进行了研究。在磁路分析的基础上，推导了磁力、磁通密度和电感的计算公式。并对电磁轴承的两种电磁结构——无永磁偏置与有永磁偏置电磁铁的电磁力计算方法进行了研究，提出了一种引入修正系数的磁路计算方法，并对基于PD和PID控制的电磁轴承力学特性进行了研究。
第五章在分析了各种磁轴承系统拓扑结构的基础上，提出了一种新型的由径向永磁轴承与轴向电磁轴承组成的单轴主动控制的飞轮电池磁轴承系统结构。对磁轴承系统的结构配置、结构参数计算、轴承悬浮特性等方面进行了详细分析与讨论，并建立了系统动力学模型。
第六章在上述理论研究的基础上，提出了飞轮电池较为系统的设计过程和方法，并通过对一种新型飞轮电池装置主体结构全面的设计分析与仿真研究，包括金属飞轮与复合材料飞轮的设计、永磁轴承与电磁轴承的结构计算、控制系统设计以及电机选择、充放电控制等，验证了其设计方法的可行性。
第七章对全文的研究工作进行了总结，给出了主要的研究成果和结论，并分析了本论文的主要创新点，提出了有待进一步深入研究的问题。
飞轮电池是一种应用前景广阔的新型绿色动力电池，论文对其储能关键技术的研究，既有很大的理论和技术难度，又有重大的工业应用价值。
Flywheel battery is a novel energy storage device which can realize energy conversion between mechanical energy and electric energy. It has many advantages including high energy storage,high power,no pollution,high storage efficiency,wide application,noise free,long cycle life,and so on. Flywheel battery is a typically electromechanical and electromagnetical product with some main parts:high speed flywheel,magnetic bearing system,motor/generator,etc. The study of flywheel battery concerns the intercross of many disciplines,such as mechanism,material,electronic engineering,heat engineering,computer,and so on. In this dissertation,two main key techniques,the high speed flywheel rotor and the magnetic bearing,are investigated deeply and systematically.
The main contents of this dissertation are as following:
In Chapter 1,the background,source,purpose and significance of the subject are introduced. The principle and key techniques of energy storage for the flywheel battery are analyzed. The international research situation and application prospects of flywheel battery are also presented. Based on this,the author brings up the main studying contents of this dissertation.
In Chapter 2,the energy storage ability of the flywheel battery and its affecting factors are analyzed. The energy storage ability of different material flywheels are compared and analyzed. On the basis of the analysis of all sorts of stress analysis methods,the stress distributions of flywheel rotors with different structures and different materials are analyzed quantitatively and compared. The computation expressions of the stress for composite flywheel are derived. The affecting factors on the stress distribution for the flywheel rotors are analyzed and investigated. And the design method of structure parameters for the flywheel rotor is presented.
In Chapter 3,the stability of permanent magnet bearings is analyzed. And the modified methods which can improve the stability of the permanent magnet bearings are studied. The computation expressions of the magnetic force and stiffness of the permanent magnet bearings are derived. The characteristics of the magnetic bearings with different structures are studied. The analysis method is presented,which can analyze the mechanical characteristics of permanent bearings by using finite element method. And the influence of the structure parameters on characteristics of the bearings is studied.
In Chapter 4,the basic theory of magnetic bearings is investigated. Based on the analysis of the magnetic circuit,the computation expressions of the magnetic force,magnetic flux density and inductance are derived. Two calculation methods of the electromagnetic force are studied for two typical configurations of the magnetic bearings. One configuration utilizes the permanent magnet to provide a bias flux and the other configuration has no source of bias flux. Based on the simplified analytical model,an improved analytical model is developed by adding correction factors to the
simplified model. The characteristics of the magnetic bearings are studied based on PD and PID control strategies.
In Chapter 5,based on the analysis of all sorts of topology structures of magnetic bearing systems,one single-axis controlled system structure of hybrid magnetic bearings for flywheel battery is presented,which is made of two radial permanent magnet bearings and one axial magnetic bearing. The computation of the structural parameters and the suspension characteristics of the magnetic bearing system are analyzed and discussed in details. And the system dynamic model is built.
In Chapter 6,on the basis of the above theory studies,the design process and method of the flywheel battery is presented. The feasibility of the design method is also verified through the designing a small flywheel battery device. The design contents include the design of the flywheel rotor of metal and composite materials respectively,the structure computation of the permanent magnet bearing and magnetic bearing,the control design of the magnetic be
引文
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