导轨式电磁枪械有关特性分析
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摘要
电磁发射技术是近年来提出的新研究方向。本文主要运用电磁发射理论和计算机模拟技术,针对电磁枪械发射技术中相关的技术问题,对导轨式电磁枪械发射原理进行探索性研究。
论文中首先介绍了三种类型电磁发射器的工作原理,根据它们的特点,选取导轨式电磁枪械作为研究对象,并对导轨式电磁枪械的工作原理、结构组成和特点进行了分析。然后,拟定了导轨式电磁枪械的研究方案,建立了导轨式电磁枪械的设计分析模型,推导了内弹道方程组。利用动态仿真软件Simulink对发射过程进行了仿真,分析了系统的动态特性,揭示了电容器充电电压、电容容量、导轨长度、发射体质量及回路电感与弹丸最大出口速度的关系,得到了设计模型的合理参数值,同时对电磁枪械的能量转化效率进行了分析计算。通过对比分析,论证了导轨式电磁枪械技术的可行性。最后,通过对导轨式电磁枪械的脉冲电源系统、发射体和发射导轨的分析与选择,得到了他们的工作状态方程,以及关键部件设计的基本参数,为进一步的研究工作打下了基础。
Electromagnetic emission is a new research technology developed in recent years. Based on electromagnetic emission theory and computer simulation technology, some concerned issues on electromagnetic emission technology were studied, and launching principle of rail electromagnetic gun was explored.
Firstly, the principles of three types of EML launchers were introduced. By comparing their characteristics, the rail launcher was eventually selected to be studied in the paper. Afterwards, operational principle, the structure composition and the characteristics of the rail type electromagnetic launching were analyzed. Then, model of the rail type electromagnetic guns for design and analysis was established. And interior ballistics equations were deduced. By Simulink, the software for dynamic simulation, launching process was simulated, so that the relation was recognized between projectile muzzle velocity and voltage, capacitance, rail length or projectile mass. Reasonable parameters for designing model were provided, and the energy conversion efficiency of electromagnetic gun was calculated. Through contrast analysis, the feasibility of the electromagnetic gun was verified. Finally, by analysis of impulse power system, projectile and launch rail of the electromagnetic gun, their equation of state was derived, and the basic design parameters of key components were obtained, which would be foundation for further research on electromagnetic gun.
论文中首先介绍了三种类型电磁发射器的工作原理,根据它们的特点,选取导轨式电磁枪械作为研究对象,并对导轨式电磁枪械的工作原理、结构组成和特点进行了分析。然后,拟定了导轨式电磁枪械的研究方案,建立了导轨式电磁枪械的设计分析模型,推导了内弹道方程组。利用动态仿真软件Simulink对发射过程进行了仿真,分析了系统的动态特性,揭示了电容器充电电压、电容容量、导轨长度、发射体质量及回路电感与弹丸最大出口速度的关系,得到了设计模型的合理参数值,同时对电磁枪械的能量转化效率进行了分析计算。通过对比分析,论证了导轨式电磁枪械技术的可行性。最后,通过对导轨式电磁枪械的脉冲电源系统、发射体和发射导轨的分析与选择,得到了他们的工作状态方程,以及关键部件设计的基本参数,为进一步的研究工作打下了基础。
Electromagnetic emission is a new research technology developed in recent years. Based on electromagnetic emission theory and computer simulation technology, some concerned issues on electromagnetic emission technology were studied, and launching principle of rail electromagnetic gun was explored.
Firstly, the principles of three types of EML launchers were introduced. By comparing their characteristics, the rail launcher was eventually selected to be studied in the paper. Afterwards, operational principle, the structure composition and the characteristics of the rail type electromagnetic launching were analyzed. Then, model of the rail type electromagnetic guns for design and analysis was established. And interior ballistics equations were deduced. By Simulink, the software for dynamic simulation, launching process was simulated, so that the relation was recognized between projectile muzzle velocity and voltage, capacitance, rail length or projectile mass. Reasonable parameters for designing model were provided, and the energy conversion efficiency of electromagnetic gun was calculated. Through contrast analysis, the feasibility of the electromagnetic gun was verified. Finally, by analysis of impulse power system, projectile and launch rail of the electromagnetic gun, their equation of state was derived, and the basic design parameters of key components were obtained, which would be foundation for further research on electromagnetic gun.
引文
[1]余志明.高速推动内弹道学.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2001
[2]于杰.电磁发射技术的军事应用前景.现代物理知识.2000:79-80
[3]Bdkeland.Electromagnetic Gun..A Historical Review.IEEE Trans on MAG.1989,17(2):73-82
[4]王莹,马富学.新概念武器原理.北京:兵器工业出版社,1997
[5]杨世荣,王莹,徐海荣,骆颖.电磁发射器原理与应用.物理学和高新术.2003(4):253-256
[6]李立毅,李小鹏.电磁发射的历史及发展趋势.微电机.2004(1):41-44
[7]庄国臣.电磁发射器及其应用.电工技术杂志1997(6):20-22
[8]J.G.Baker.Electromagnetic Compatibility in Europe.IEEE Proc-Science Means Technology.1994,141(4):238-244
[9]A.L.Brooks.Design and Fabrication of Large and Small Bore Railguns.IEEE Trans on MAG.1981,18(1):68-72
[10]王莹,肖峰.电炮原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[11]W.Ying,R.A.Marshall.Physics of Electric Launch.Science Press.2004:11-19
[12]王莹.电发射技术概论.电工技术杂志.2003(10):94-97
[13]Y.Wang.EML Technology Research in China.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,35(1):44-46
[14]高顺受,孙承纬.60mm口径电磁感应线圈炮的实验研究.高压物理学报.1996,10(3):190-198
[15]王觉先.电磁炮与电磁推进技术.兵器知识.2001(8):24-25
[16]W.F.Weldon.A Taxonomy of Electromagnetic Lauchers.IEEE Trans on MAG.1989,25(1):591-592
[17]李立毅,罗光耀,李小鹏.新型推进技术的基本原理及其应用前景.电工技术杂志.2003(4),39-43
[18]R.A.Marshall,Y.Wang.Railguns:Their Science and Technology.China Machine Press.2004:34
[19]潘彩娟,覃焕昌等.电磁炮基本原理的教学与实验模拟.广西民族学院学报(自然科学版).2002(4):74-76
[20]I.R.Shokair,M.Cowan.Performance of an Induction Coil Launcher.IEEE Trans on MAG.1995,31(1):510-516
[21]王德满,王跃进,谢慧才.线圈炮-电磁同轴发射器及其系统分析[J].宇航学报.17(4):79-90
[22]李小鹏,李立毅,程树康,罗光耀,孙传民.重接式电磁发射技术的现状及应用前景[J].微电机.2002,35(4):39-41
[23]章雅平.美国定向能武器技术进展综述.中国航天.1994,12(4):36-39
[24]李勇,李立毅.电磁弹射技术的原理与现状.微特电机.2001(5):3-5
[25]杨艺.美军电磁炮研究取得重大进展.现代兵器.2005.10:26-28
[26]H.D.Fair.The Science and Technology of Electric Launch:AU.S.Perspective.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,135(1):11-19
[27]J.M.Sehroeder.Electromagnetic Launcher for Space Applications.IEEE Trans on MAG.1989,25(1):504-509
[28]D.H.Fair.Electromagnetic Launch:Highway to the Stars.IEEE Trans on MAG.1988,24(2):703-711
[29]李立毅,程树康等.直线电磁发射技术的发展现状及前景.微电机.1999,32(2):26-30
[30]王静端.电磁发射技术的发展及其军事运用.火力与指挥控制.2001,26(1):5-7
[31]曹延杰,吴战胜,邹本贵.美军电磁轨道炮的新进展.现代军事.2007(1):44-47
[32]P.R.Berning,C.R.Hummer.Magnetic Induction Launcher Models.Army Research Laboratory report[J],ARL-TR-1384.1997:1-8
[33]孙敏,孙亲锡等.工程电磁场基础.第1版.武汉:科学工业出版社,2002
[34]陈庆国,张海燕等.电容器储能型导轨电磁炮的理论分析与动态仿真.电机与控制学报.2006,10(1):23-26
[35]陈庆国,王永红等.电容驱动型导轨电磁炮电磁过程的计算机仿真.电工技术学报.2006,21(4):68-71
[36]K.T.Hsieh.A Lagrangian formulation for mechanically,thermally coupled electromagnetic diffusive processes with moving conductors.IEEE Trans on MAG.1995,31(1).604-609
[37]李强,范长增等.电磁轨道炮导轨和电枢的焦耳热分析.弹道学报.2006,18(4):38-40
[38]H.Vanieek,S.Satapathy.Thermal characteristics of a laboratory EM launeher.IEEE Trans on MAG.2005,41(1):251-255
[39]苏金明,阮沈勇.MATLAB6.1实用指南.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[40]张平等.MATLAB基础与运用.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[41]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏.MATLAB7.0/Simulink6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程应用.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[42]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[43]王莹,高功率脉冲电源.第1版.北京:原子能出版社,1991
[44]刘锡三,高功率脉冲技术.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[45]张建功.电感储能功率脉冲电源的研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔宾工业大学.2004
[46]林福昌,李劲等.电磁发射兵器用电容器的选取.兵工学报.2003(3):416-418
[47]林福昌,代新等.高储能密度电容器.强激光与粒子束.2003(1):94-96
[48]欧阳立新,徐学华等.电磁轨道发射中弹丸技术的研究与发展.弹道学报.1998(9),10(3):80-84
[49]Statton E S.Firings of tactically-configured air-defense pro jectiles from a 90mm electromagnetic rail gun.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1995;31(1):248-252
[50]A.J.Johnson,F.C.Moon.Elastic Wave and Solid Armature Contact in Electromagnetic Launchers.IEEE Trans on MAG.2006(3):422-429
[51]J.D.Powell,A.Zielinski.Observation and simulation of solid armature rail gun performance.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,35(1)
[52]D.A.Hopkins,F.Stefani.Analysis of Startup Behavior in a "C-Shaped" Armature Using Linked EMAP3D/DYNA3D Finite Element Codes.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,35(1):59-64
[53]Y.A.Dreizin.Solid Armature Performance with Resistive Rails.IEEE Trans on MAG.1993,29(1):798-803
[54]陶孟仙,任兆杏.电磁发射中固体电枢的设计和实验.嘉应大学学报.1996(1):18-21
[55]秦实宏,邹积岩等.等离子体电枢电磁轨道炮电枢电弧长度的测量.华南理工大学学报.1998(11),26:38-40
[2]于杰.电磁发射技术的军事应用前景.现代物理知识.2000:79-80
[3]Bdkeland.Electromagnetic Gun..A Historical Review.IEEE Trans on MAG.1989,17(2):73-82
[4]王莹,马富学.新概念武器原理.北京:兵器工业出版社,1997
[5]杨世荣,王莹,徐海荣,骆颖.电磁发射器原理与应用.物理学和高新术.2003(4):253-256
[6]李立毅,李小鹏.电磁发射的历史及发展趋势.微电机.2004(1):41-44
[7]庄国臣.电磁发射器及其应用.电工技术杂志1997(6):20-22
[8]J.G.Baker.Electromagnetic Compatibility in Europe.IEEE Proc-Science Means Technology.1994,141(4):238-244
[9]A.L.Brooks.Design and Fabrication of Large and Small Bore Railguns.IEEE Trans on MAG.1981,18(1):68-72
[10]王莹,肖峰.电炮原理.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,1995
[11]W.Ying,R.A.Marshall.Physics of Electric Launch.Science Press.2004:11-19
[12]王莹.电发射技术概论.电工技术杂志.2003(10):94-97
[13]Y.Wang.EML Technology Research in China.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,35(1):44-46
[14]高顺受,孙承纬.60mm口径电磁感应线圈炮的实验研究.高压物理学报.1996,10(3):190-198
[15]王觉先.电磁炮与电磁推进技术.兵器知识.2001(8):24-25
[16]W.F.Weldon.A Taxonomy of Electromagnetic Lauchers.IEEE Trans on MAG.1989,25(1):591-592
[17]李立毅,罗光耀,李小鹏.新型推进技术的基本原理及其应用前景.电工技术杂志.2003(4),39-43
[18]R.A.Marshall,Y.Wang.Railguns:Their Science and Technology.China Machine Press.2004:34
[19]潘彩娟,覃焕昌等.电磁炮基本原理的教学与实验模拟.广西民族学院学报(自然科学版).2002(4):74-76
[20]I.R.Shokair,M.Cowan.Performance of an Induction Coil Launcher.IEEE Trans on MAG.1995,31(1):510-516
[21]王德满,王跃进,谢慧才.线圈炮-电磁同轴发射器及其系统分析[J].宇航学报.17(4):79-90
[22]李小鹏,李立毅,程树康,罗光耀,孙传民.重接式电磁发射技术的现状及应用前景[J].微电机.2002,35(4):39-41
[23]章雅平.美国定向能武器技术进展综述.中国航天.1994,12(4):36-39
[24]李勇,李立毅.电磁弹射技术的原理与现状.微特电机.2001(5):3-5
[25]杨艺.美军电磁炮研究取得重大进展.现代兵器.2005.10:26-28
[26]H.D.Fair.The Science and Technology of Electric Launch:AU.S.Perspective.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,135(1):11-19
[27]J.M.Sehroeder.Electromagnetic Launcher for Space Applications.IEEE Trans on MAG.1989,25(1):504-509
[28]D.H.Fair.Electromagnetic Launch:Highway to the Stars.IEEE Trans on MAG.1988,24(2):703-711
[29]李立毅,程树康等.直线电磁发射技术的发展现状及前景.微电机.1999,32(2):26-30
[30]王静端.电磁发射技术的发展及其军事运用.火力与指挥控制.2001,26(1):5-7
[31]曹延杰,吴战胜,邹本贵.美军电磁轨道炮的新进展.现代军事.2007(1):44-47
[32]P.R.Berning,C.R.Hummer.Magnetic Induction Launcher Models.Army Research Laboratory report[J],ARL-TR-1384.1997:1-8
[33]孙敏,孙亲锡等.工程电磁场基础.第1版.武汉:科学工业出版社,2002
[34]陈庆国,张海燕等.电容器储能型导轨电磁炮的理论分析与动态仿真.电机与控制学报.2006,10(1):23-26
[35]陈庆国,王永红等.电容驱动型导轨电磁炮电磁过程的计算机仿真.电工技术学报.2006,21(4):68-71
[36]K.T.Hsieh.A Lagrangian formulation for mechanically,thermally coupled electromagnetic diffusive processes with moving conductors.IEEE Trans on MAG.1995,31(1).604-609
[37]李强,范长增等.电磁轨道炮导轨和电枢的焦耳热分析.弹道学报.2006,18(4):38-40
[38]H.Vanieek,S.Satapathy.Thermal characteristics of a laboratory EM launeher.IEEE Trans on MAG.2005,41(1):251-255
[39]苏金明,阮沈勇.MATLAB6.1实用指南.第1版.北京:电子工业出版社,2002
[40]张平等.MATLAB基础与运用.第1版.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[41]黄永安,马路,刘慧敏.MATLAB7.0/Simulink6.0建模仿真开发与高级工程应用.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2005
[42]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB/Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2002
[43]王莹,高功率脉冲电源.第1版.北京:原子能出版社,1991
[44]刘锡三,高功率脉冲技术.第1版.北京:国防工业出版社,2005
[45]张建功.电感储能功率脉冲电源的研究.硕士学位论文.哈尔宾工业大学.2004
[46]林福昌,李劲等.电磁发射兵器用电容器的选取.兵工学报.2003(3):416-418
[47]林福昌,代新等.高储能密度电容器.强激光与粒子束.2003(1):94-96
[48]欧阳立新,徐学华等.电磁轨道发射中弹丸技术的研究与发展.弹道学报.1998(9),10(3):80-84
[49]Statton E S.Firings of tactically-configured air-defense pro jectiles from a 90mm electromagnetic rail gun.IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1995;31(1):248-252
[50]A.J.Johnson,F.C.Moon.Elastic Wave and Solid Armature Contact in Electromagnetic Launchers.IEEE Trans on MAG.2006(3):422-429
[51]J.D.Powell,A.Zielinski.Observation and simulation of solid armature rail gun performance.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,35(1)
[52]D.A.Hopkins,F.Stefani.Analysis of Startup Behavior in a "C-Shaped" Armature Using Linked EMAP3D/DYNA3D Finite Element Codes.IEEE Trans on MAG.1999,35(1):59-64
[53]Y.A.Dreizin.Solid Armature Performance with Resistive Rails.IEEE Trans on MAG.1993,29(1):798-803
[54]陶孟仙,任兆杏.电磁发射中固体电枢的设计和实验.嘉应大学学报.1996(1):18-21
[55]秦实宏,邹积岩等.等离子体电枢电磁轨道炮电枢电弧长度的测量.华南理工大学学报.1998(11),26:38-40