新建电气化铁路对电网电能质量影响的预测与对策分析研究
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摘要
电气化铁路大规模的工程建设带来了大量的科学、技术问题。随着新建电气化铁路建设、既有电气化铁路的扩容、机车技术的进步、电力系统自身的发展,新建电气化铁路带来的电能质量问题将达到何种程度,对电力系统自身的规划是否会造成影响,值得研究。
本文首先针对大量牵引变电所馈线电流的实测数据,统计分析了其分布特性和数字特征。统计分析表明：带电有效系数从某种程度反映了给电运行时负荷电流的波动性；牵引负荷带电电流的95%概率大值与平均值之比分布比较集中,平均取值在2.4左右。
在总结、分析了牵引负荷分布特征的基础上,通过随机过程理论和数值分析方法,采用β分布拟合牵引变电所馈线电流的概率密度函数,误差分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。针对新建电气铁路牵引变电所,基于设计使用的边界条件,求得β分布的参数,即可建立新建规划线路的负荷预测模型。采用蒙特卡洛抽样方法,获得牵引变电所馈线电流的子样。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,预测了某新建电气化铁路牵引负荷对电网电能质量影响。
针对谐波的复杂性,IEC提出了“三级评估”原则,其中第三级评估方法对电铁牵引畸变负荷是适用的。本文根据中、低电压级电气设备承受谐波能力的裕度,提出采用综合渗透(传递)系数法来制定IEC“三级评估”考核值。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,评估了某新建电气化铁路牵引负荷对电网谐波的影响。
最后,针对牵引供电系统日渐突出的负序问题,提出同相供电技术是同时解决负序问题及铁路的电过分相问题的理想选择。建立了同相供电系统潮流控制器综合补偿的数学模型,给出了针对任意三相-两相接线变压器的潮流控制器综合补偿电流的通用表达式；进而提出了以牵引变电所完全补偿和满意补偿为目标的潮流控制器容量综合配置方法。利用某新建电气化铁路牵引负荷的预测数据,分别对按照2类补偿目标设计的潮流控制器容量综合配置方案进行分析和比较。实例分析表明,采用本文所提出的容量配置方法,潮流控制器可在负荷周期内满足满意补偿的目标,且显著降低了自身的工程造价。
A large number of scientific and technical problems arise with large-scale engineering construction of electrified railway. With the building of the new electrified railway, the expanding capacity of existed electrified railway, the improving of locomotive technology and the development of power system, researches on power quality influenced by the new electrified railway and the effection to the planning of power grid are important.
Firstly, for a large number of measured data of feeder current from traction substation, the distribution characteristics and digital characteristic were statistically analyzed. Statistical results show that the charged effective coefficient reflects the fluctuation of charged load current in some degree. The distribution of the ratio between the95%probability value and the average value of charged traction load current centralized relatively. The average ratio is about2.4.
Probability density function for feeder current of traction substation is fitted by using β function through the theory of stochastic process and method of numerical analysis on the basis of summarizeing and analyzing the distribution characteristics of traction load. Error anlaysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a new electrified railway traction load, according to the basic information derived from railway departments, the prediction model of new electrified railway traction load can be obtained. The feeder current sampleis obtained by using Monte Carlo method.Taking a subnetwork supplied by regional power grid substation as an example, the influence of negative sequence unbalance caused by the new electrified railway is evaluated.
Considering the complexity of harmonic,"stage3" evaluation method was proposed by IEC. The third stage evaluation method is applicative for the traction distortion load. According to the bearing harmonic capacity abundance of electric equipment of the MV and LV system, and the comprehensive penetration coefficient method is put forward for IEC "Stage3about harmonic emission limit.The influence of harmonic caused by the new electrified railway traction load is evaluated through the example.
Finally, for the increasingly prominent negative sequence problem in traction power supply system, cophased traction power supply technology is proposed because it is the best comprehensive solution for negative sequence power quality and electrical neutral section. Mathematical modeling of Power Flow Controller for comprehensive compensation is built in this paper. Aiming at any wiring transformers, the general expression for PFC comprehensive compensating current is given.Then the method for PFC comprehensive capacity configuration taking complete and flexible compensation as the objectives is designed. Three different traction loads are used. The PFC comprehensive capacity configuration scheme is analysed and compared according to two compensation objectives. Example analysis results that adopting the configuration method proposed in this paper, the objective of satisfaction compensation within full load can be attained by PFC. The proposed method reduces project cost obviously.
本文首先针对大量牵引变电所馈线电流的实测数据,统计分析了其分布特性和数字特征。统计分析表明：带电有效系数从某种程度反映了给电运行时负荷电流的波动性；牵引负荷带电电流的95%概率大值与平均值之比分布比较集中,平均取值在2.4左右。
在总结、分析了牵引负荷分布特征的基础上,通过随机过程理论和数值分析方法,采用β分布拟合牵引变电所馈线电流的概率密度函数,误差分析结果表明了该方法的有效性。针对新建电气铁路牵引变电所,基于设计使用的边界条件,求得β分布的参数,即可建立新建规划线路的负荷预测模型。采用蒙特卡洛抽样方法,获得牵引变电所馈线电流的子样。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,预测了某新建电气化铁路牵引负荷对电网电能质量影响。
针对谐波的复杂性,IEC提出了“三级评估”原则,其中第三级评估方法对电铁牵引畸变负荷是适用的。本文根据中、低电压级电气设备承受谐波能力的裕度,提出采用综合渗透(传递)系数法来制定IEC“三级评估”考核值。以某变电站供电区域的子电网为例,评估了某新建电气化铁路牵引负荷对电网谐波的影响。
最后,针对牵引供电系统日渐突出的负序问题,提出同相供电技术是同时解决负序问题及铁路的电过分相问题的理想选择。建立了同相供电系统潮流控制器综合补偿的数学模型,给出了针对任意三相-两相接线变压器的潮流控制器综合补偿电流的通用表达式；进而提出了以牵引变电所完全补偿和满意补偿为目标的潮流控制器容量综合配置方法。利用某新建电气化铁路牵引负荷的预测数据,分别对按照2类补偿目标设计的潮流控制器容量综合配置方案进行分析和比较。实例分析表明,采用本文所提出的容量配置方法,潮流控制器可在负荷周期内满足满意补偿的目标,且显著降低了自身的工程造价。
A large number of scientific and technical problems arise with large-scale engineering construction of electrified railway. With the building of the new electrified railway, the expanding capacity of existed electrified railway, the improving of locomotive technology and the development of power system, researches on power quality influenced by the new electrified railway and the effection to the planning of power grid are important.
Firstly, for a large number of measured data of feeder current from traction substation, the distribution characteristics and digital characteristic were statistically analyzed. Statistical results show that the charged effective coefficient reflects the fluctuation of charged load current in some degree. The distribution of the ratio between the95%probability value and the average value of charged traction load current centralized relatively. The average ratio is about2.4.
Probability density function for feeder current of traction substation is fitted by using β function through the theory of stochastic process and method of numerical analysis on the basis of summarizeing and analyzing the distribution characteristics of traction load. Error anlaysis verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. As a new electrified railway traction load, according to the basic information derived from railway departments, the prediction model of new electrified railway traction load can be obtained. The feeder current sampleis obtained by using Monte Carlo method.Taking a subnetwork supplied by regional power grid substation as an example, the influence of negative sequence unbalance caused by the new electrified railway is evaluated.
Considering the complexity of harmonic,"stage3" evaluation method was proposed by IEC. The third stage evaluation method is applicative for the traction distortion load. According to the bearing harmonic capacity abundance of electric equipment of the MV and LV system, and the comprehensive penetration coefficient method is put forward for IEC "Stage3about harmonic emission limit.The influence of harmonic caused by the new electrified railway traction load is evaluated through the example.
Finally, for the increasingly prominent negative sequence problem in traction power supply system, cophased traction power supply technology is proposed because it is the best comprehensive solution for negative sequence power quality and electrical neutral section. Mathematical modeling of Power Flow Controller for comprehensive compensation is built in this paper. Aiming at any wiring transformers, the general expression for PFC comprehensive compensating current is given.Then the method for PFC comprehensive capacity configuration taking complete and flexible compensation as the objectives is designed. Three different traction loads are used. The PFC comprehensive capacity configuration scheme is analysed and compared according to two compensation objectives. Example analysis results that adopting the configuration method proposed in this paper, the objective of satisfaction compensation within full load can be attained by PFC. The proposed method reduces project cost obviously.
引文
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