喧哗的世界 焦虑的人心
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摘要
福克纳（1897-1962）是20世纪美国最重要的作家之一，也是美国南方文艺复兴的领袖。他创作出饮誉世界的约克纳帕塔法系列小说，这些小说记录了美国内战后南方这个历史时期的精神面貌，深刻表现出在历史性变革中，青年一代精神蜕变的历史，成为美国南方的百科全书。其中《喧哗与骚动》（1929），是他第一部赢得世界声誉的杰作，同时也是他本人最喜爱的作品。这部小说通过康普生一家的独白传达了南方传统文化和道德失落的信息，同时通过小说中人物的独白还反映出混乱喧哗的外部世界下康普生一家焦虑的内心世界。
本文运用卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论来分析《喧哗与骚动》中所存在的的焦虑现象。霍妮认为，焦虑是一种存在于富有敌意的世界里，一个人所体验到的孤独感和无助感。焦虑是神经症的动力中心。她认为焦虑的产生受到个体环境和社会环境的影响，康普生一家在充满矛盾的社会文化和失调的人际关系中生活致使个体内心需要得不到满足，从而产生焦虑。个体为减轻焦虑采取了人际防御策略和心理防御策略。作为康普生家典型的焦虑患者昆丁和杰生分别采取了人际防御策略中的退缩型策略和敌对型策略。他们还运用心理防御策略来掩饰自己在现实中的懦弱和无能。本文运用卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论对《喧哗与骚动》中的焦虑现象进行解读。通过以上分析小说中的焦虑现象来揭示小说给人们的启示即人的精神状态受到家庭环境和社会文化关系的影响，一个和谐温暖的家庭和社会环境有利于人的身心健康发展，形成健康人格。
本论文分为六章：
第一章是引言，介绍了本文的选题背景和选题意义。
第二章介绍了国内外专家学者对作家作品的文献回顾，以及在此基础上阐述了卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论。
第三章是论文的主干部分，本文运用了卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论对《喧哗与骚动》中造成康普生一家产生焦虑的家庭环境和社会环境进行了分析。
第四章分析了昆丁和杰生两人各自采取的防御策略。在康普生家中昆丁和杰生是比较典型的焦虑患者，并且他们都发展成了神经症。昆丁采取了退缩型策略。杰生采取敌对型策略。同时他们还采用了心理防御策略来缓解内心的焦虑。他们都塑造了理想化的自我，来掩饰现实自我的无能和软弱。
第五章分析了康普生家焦虑的宣泄。康普生一家借凯蒂的失贞机会来宣泄自己内心的焦虑和内心深处的不满与压抑。
第六章为本文的最后一部分是结论部分，主要对全文进行概括和总结。
William Faulkner (1897-1962) was a genius in the twentieth American literature as well as aleader of the southern American Renaissance. He has created many renowned works-theYoknapatawpha Saga novels which are about not only the history of the changes of the SouthAmerica, but also the history of the spiritual transformation of the young generation. Theseworks became the encyclopedia of the South America, which recorded the south spirit of thishistorical period forever. Among these novels The Sound and the Fury, published in1929, washis first masterpiece winning world-wide prestige. The novel displays the corruption of the southtraditional culture and morals. It reflects the inner world of the characters.
Adopting Karen Horney’s anxiety theory, this paper aims to analyze the anxietyphenomenon in The Sound and the Fury. According to Horney, the anxiety is a sense ofloneliness and helplessness in the world. Because of the bad influence of the family environmentand cultural environment, all the members in Compson family produce the anxiety in their innerhearts. In order to eliminate the basic anxiety, individual adopts interpersonal defensivestrategies and the intrapsychic defensive strategies to ease his anxiety. In Compaon familyQuentin adopts the detached type and Jason adopts the aggressive type. They all adopt the idealself to reduce their anxiety. Through the analysis of the anxiety of the novel, we discover that thepeople’s mental state is influenced by the family environment and social cultural environment,so a warm family environment and harmonious social cultural environment are beneficial to theformation of healthy personality as well as the development of the people’s physical and mentalhealth.
This thesis can be divided into six chapters to analyze the anxiety phenomenon in the novel.
Chapter one is the introduction. This section mainly introduces the study of the backgroundand the significance of the study.
Chapter two is the literature review and Karen Horney’s anxiety theory.
Chapter three is the main part of the paper. This part employs Karen Horney’s anxietytheory to analyze the family environment and cultural environment which cause the Compsons’anxiety.
Chapter four is the defensive strategies of the Compsons. In the Compson family, Quentinand Jason are typical anxiety patients, and they all develop into neurosis. Quentin mainly adoptsthe detachment type while Jason mainly adopts the aggressive type. At the same time they adoptthe intrapsychic defensive strategies to protect themselves.
Chapter five is the release of the Compsons’ anxiety. Caddy’s losing virginity provides theCompson family a chance to release their anxiety by means of which the whole family release their depression and dissatisfaction.
Chapter six is the summary of the thesis.
本文运用卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论来分析《喧哗与骚动》中所存在的的焦虑现象。霍妮认为，焦虑是一种存在于富有敌意的世界里，一个人所体验到的孤独感和无助感。焦虑是神经症的动力中心。她认为焦虑的产生受到个体环境和社会环境的影响，康普生一家在充满矛盾的社会文化和失调的人际关系中生活致使个体内心需要得不到满足，从而产生焦虑。个体为减轻焦虑采取了人际防御策略和心理防御策略。作为康普生家典型的焦虑患者昆丁和杰生分别采取了人际防御策略中的退缩型策略和敌对型策略。他们还运用心理防御策略来掩饰自己在现实中的懦弱和无能。本文运用卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论对《喧哗与骚动》中的焦虑现象进行解读。通过以上分析小说中的焦虑现象来揭示小说给人们的启示即人的精神状态受到家庭环境和社会文化关系的影响，一个和谐温暖的家庭和社会环境有利于人的身心健康发展，形成健康人格。
本论文分为六章：
第一章是引言，介绍了本文的选题背景和选题意义。
第二章介绍了国内外专家学者对作家作品的文献回顾，以及在此基础上阐述了卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论。
第三章是论文的主干部分，本文运用了卡伦·霍妮的焦虑理论对《喧哗与骚动》中造成康普生一家产生焦虑的家庭环境和社会环境进行了分析。
第四章分析了昆丁和杰生两人各自采取的防御策略。在康普生家中昆丁和杰生是比较典型的焦虑患者，并且他们都发展成了神经症。昆丁采取了退缩型策略。杰生采取敌对型策略。同时他们还采用了心理防御策略来缓解内心的焦虑。他们都塑造了理想化的自我，来掩饰现实自我的无能和软弱。
第五章分析了康普生家焦虑的宣泄。康普生一家借凯蒂的失贞机会来宣泄自己内心的焦虑和内心深处的不满与压抑。
第六章为本文的最后一部分是结论部分，主要对全文进行概括和总结。
William Faulkner (1897-1962) was a genius in the twentieth American literature as well as aleader of the southern American Renaissance. He has created many renowned works-theYoknapatawpha Saga novels which are about not only the history of the changes of the SouthAmerica, but also the history of the spiritual transformation of the young generation. Theseworks became the encyclopedia of the South America, which recorded the south spirit of thishistorical period forever. Among these novels The Sound and the Fury, published in1929, washis first masterpiece winning world-wide prestige. The novel displays the corruption of the southtraditional culture and morals. It reflects the inner world of the characters.
Adopting Karen Horney’s anxiety theory, this paper aims to analyze the anxietyphenomenon in The Sound and the Fury. According to Horney, the anxiety is a sense ofloneliness and helplessness in the world. Because of the bad influence of the family environmentand cultural environment, all the members in Compson family produce the anxiety in their innerhearts. In order to eliminate the basic anxiety, individual adopts interpersonal defensivestrategies and the intrapsychic defensive strategies to ease his anxiety. In Compaon familyQuentin adopts the detached type and Jason adopts the aggressive type. They all adopt the idealself to reduce their anxiety. Through the analysis of the anxiety of the novel, we discover that thepeople’s mental state is influenced by the family environment and social cultural environment,so a warm family environment and harmonious social cultural environment are beneficial to theformation of healthy personality as well as the development of the people’s physical and mentalhealth.
This thesis can be divided into six chapters to analyze the anxiety phenomenon in the novel.
Chapter one is the introduction. This section mainly introduces the study of the backgroundand the significance of the study.
Chapter two is the literature review and Karen Horney’s anxiety theory.
Chapter three is the main part of the paper. This part employs Karen Horney’s anxietytheory to analyze the family environment and cultural environment which cause the Compsons’anxiety.
Chapter four is the defensive strategies of the Compsons. In the Compson family, Quentinand Jason are typical anxiety patients, and they all develop into neurosis. Quentin mainly adoptsthe detachment type while Jason mainly adopts the aggressive type. At the same time they adoptthe intrapsychic defensive strategies to protect themselves.
Chapter five is the release of the Compsons’ anxiety. Caddy’s losing virginity provides theCompson family a chance to release their anxiety by means of which the whole family release their depression and dissatisfaction.
Chapter six is the summary of the thesis.
引文
[1] Adams, Richard P. The Apprenticeship of William Faulkner. William Faulkner: CriticalCollection. Ed.Leland H. Cox.New York: Garland Publishing Inc.,1985.
[2] Allen, Judson Boyce. Rightness beyond Morality: The Intelligible From of The Sound and theFury. Nashville, Tennessee: Doctoral Dissertation Vanderbilt University,1954.
[3] Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative.2nded. Toronto: Universityof Toronto Press,1997.
[4] Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester:Manchester University Press,2002.
[5] Batty, Nancy Ellen. Economies of desire: Reading between Toni Morrison and WilliamFaulkner. Diss. U of Western Ontario,1994.
[6] Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A Biography. New York: Random House,1984.
[7] Bockting, Ineke. Characters and Personality in the Novels of Faulkner. New York:UniversityPress of American Inc.,1995.
[8] Brooks，Cleanth. Man，Time，and Eternity.The Sound and the Fury，The Sound and the Fury.Ed. David Minter New York: W. W Norton and Co.，1987.
[9] Brooks, Cleanth. William Faulkner:The Yakanapatawpha County. Yale UniversitertyPress.1963
[10] Collins, Carvel. The Interior Monologues of The Sound and the Fury. English Ed. Alan S.Downer. New York: Columbia UP,1954.
[11] Conn, Peter. Literature in America: An Illustrated History. CUP Archive,1989.
[12] Faulkner, William. The Sound and Fury: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts,Criticism. Edit by David Minter. Norton Company,Inc,1987.
[13] Fiedler, Leslie A. Love and Death in the American Novel. New York: Criterion Books,1960.
[14] Freud, Sigmund. Creative-Writers and Day-Dreaming. S.E.9.141-53. The Standard Editionof the Complete Psychological works of Sigmund Freud.24Vol. Trans. and ed. JamesStrachey. London: Hogarth,1966. S. E.一The Dissection of the Psychical Personality. New Introductory Lectures onPsychoanalysis. S. E.22.57-80.一The Ego and the Id. Freud's Readings---of the Unconscious and Arts. Beijing: RenminUP of China,1998.
[15] Hall, Constance Hill. Incest in Faulkner: A Metaphor for the Fall. Ann Arbor: UMIResearch P,1983.
[16] Horney, Karen. New Way in Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd,1939.一Neurosis and Human Growth. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd,1951..一our Inner conflicts. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd,1946.一Self-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton&Company, Inc.,1942.一The Neurotic Personality of Our Time. New York: W.W. Norton&Company, Inc.,1937.
[17] Hope, Patricia H. The Brother-Sister Incest Motif: Melville and Faulkner. Diss. Tulane U,1987. DAI48(1987):924A.
[18] Howe, Irving. William Faulkner. New York: Vintage Books,1962.
[19] Irwin. John T. Doublin and Incest/Rep Baltimore: Johns etition and Revenee: A Speculativereading of Faulkner. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP,1975.
[20] James, William. The Principles of Psychology. China Social Sciences Publishing House,1980.
[21] Li Ping. Freud and Lacan's psychoanalytic perspective and Faulkner's`The Sound and theFury’. Diss. Mcgill U,1992..
[22] Li, Wenjun. Biography of William Faulkner. Beijing: New World Press,2003.
[23] Li, Wenjun. Trans. The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner Shanghai: TranslationPublishing House,2004
[24] Millgate, Michael. The Achievement of William Faulkner. New York: Random House,1966.94-111.
[25] Moore, Kathleen. Jason Compson and the Mother Complex. The Mississippi Quarterly,2000:533-51
[26] Polk, Noel. The Dungeon was Mother Herself’: William Faulkner:1927-1931." NewDirections in Faulkner Studies: Faulkner and Yoknapatapha1983. Eds. DoreenFowler and Ann J. Abadie. Jackson: UP of Mississippi,1984:66.
[27] Vickery, Olga. The Sound and the Fury: A Study in Perspective. The Sound and the Fury. ed.David Minter. New York: W.W. Norton and Co.1987.
[28] Weinstein, Philip. T'he Combridge Companion to William Faulkner. Shanghai Foreignlanguage Education press,2000.
[29] Faulkner, William. The Sound and the Fury. Vintage Books, a division of Random House,1956.—1699一1945Appendix: The Compsons. The Portable Faulkner. Ed. MalcolmCowley. New York: Penguin Books Ltd,1977.—An Introduction to The Sound and the Fury. Mississippi Quarterly Version. The Soundand the Fury by William Faulkner: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts,Criticism. Ed. David Minter. W. W. Norton&Company,1987, PP.220-24.
[30] Wright, Elizabeth. Psychoanalytic Criticism: Theory in Practice. London: Routledge,1989.
[31] Wu, Weiren. The History of American Literature and Selected Readings.Vol.2. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,1990.
[32] Tao, Jie. Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance. Beijing: Peking University Press,1998.
[33] Zhu, Gang. Twentieth Century Western Critical Theories. Shanghai: Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press,2001.
[34]陈艳玲,冯晓伟.昔日的辉煌无奈的困境—《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁·康普生困境分析[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2008(12).
[35]李文俊.福克纳评论集[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1980:255.
[36]雷红珍,崔雅萍.《喧哗与骚动》中的神经症人格[J].西安外国语大学学报,2007(6).
[37]卡伦·霍妮.神经症与人的成长[M].张承漠、贾海虹译.上海:上海:文艺出版社,1996.—我们时代的神经症人格[M].冯川译.贵州:贵州人民出版社,1988.—我们的内心冲突[M].王轶梅等译.上海:上海文艺出版社,1998.—精神分析新法[M].雷春林、潘峰译.上海:上海文艺出版社,1999.
[38]陆扬.精神分析文论[M].济南:山东教育出版社,1998.
[39]陶洁.《喧哗与骚动》新探[J].外国文学评论.1992,(4):32一39.
[40]王小章,郭本俞.潜意识的诠释[M].中国社会科学出版社,北京,1982.
[41]王宁.文学与精神分析学[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2002.
[42]威廉·福克纳.喧哗与骚动[M].李文俊译，上海译文出版社,上海,2000.
[43]徐国超.遭遇时间之劫—《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁之死的文化诱因[J].作家杂志,2010(10).
[44]肖明翰.威廉·福克纳研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
[45]张礼牡.试论《喧哗与骚动》中孤独者的形象[J].作家杂志,2010(7).
[46]朱光潜.变态心理学派别[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.
[2] Allen, Judson Boyce. Rightness beyond Morality: The Intelligible From of The Sound and theFury. Nashville, Tennessee: Doctoral Dissertation Vanderbilt University,1954.
[3] Bal, Mieke. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative.2nded. Toronto: Universityof Toronto Press,1997.
[4] Barry, Peter. Beginning Theory: An Introduction to Literary and Cultural Theory. Manchester:Manchester University Press,2002.
[5] Batty, Nancy Ellen. Economies of desire: Reading between Toni Morrison and WilliamFaulkner. Diss. U of Western Ontario,1994.
[6] Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A Biography. New York: Random House,1984.
[7] Bockting, Ineke. Characters and Personality in the Novels of Faulkner. New York:UniversityPress of American Inc.,1995.
[8] Brooks，Cleanth. Man，Time，and Eternity.The Sound and the Fury，The Sound and the Fury.Ed. David Minter New York: W. W Norton and Co.，1987.
[9] Brooks, Cleanth. William Faulkner:The Yakanapatawpha County. Yale UniversitertyPress.1963
[10] Collins, Carvel. The Interior Monologues of The Sound and the Fury. English Ed. Alan S.Downer. New York: Columbia UP,1954.
[11] Conn, Peter. Literature in America: An Illustrated History. CUP Archive,1989.
[12] Faulkner, William. The Sound and Fury: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts,Criticism. Edit by David Minter. Norton Company,Inc,1987.
[13] Fiedler, Leslie A. Love and Death in the American Novel. New York: Criterion Books,1960.
[14] Freud, Sigmund. Creative-Writers and Day-Dreaming. S.E.9.141-53. The Standard Editionof the Complete Psychological works of Sigmund Freud.24Vol. Trans. and ed. JamesStrachey. London: Hogarth,1966. S. E.一The Dissection of the Psychical Personality. New Introductory Lectures onPsychoanalysis. S. E.22.57-80.一The Ego and the Id. Freud's Readings---of the Unconscious and Arts. Beijing: RenminUP of China,1998.
[15] Hall, Constance Hill. Incest in Faulkner: A Metaphor for the Fall. Ann Arbor: UMIResearch P,1983.
[16] Horney, Karen. New Way in Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd,1939.一Neurosis and Human Growth. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd,1951..一our Inner conflicts. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd,1946.一Self-Analysis. New York: W. W. Norton&Company, Inc.,1942.一The Neurotic Personality of Our Time. New York: W.W. Norton&Company, Inc.,1937.
[17] Hope, Patricia H. The Brother-Sister Incest Motif: Melville and Faulkner. Diss. Tulane U,1987. DAI48(1987):924A.
[18] Howe, Irving. William Faulkner. New York: Vintage Books,1962.
[19] Irwin. John T. Doublin and Incest/Rep Baltimore: Johns etition and Revenee: A Speculativereading of Faulkner. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP,1975.
[20] James, William. The Principles of Psychology. China Social Sciences Publishing House,1980.
[21] Li Ping. Freud and Lacan's psychoanalytic perspective and Faulkner's`The Sound and theFury’. Diss. Mcgill U,1992..
[22] Li, Wenjun. Biography of William Faulkner. Beijing: New World Press,2003.
[23] Li, Wenjun. Trans. The Sound and the Fury by William Faulkner Shanghai: TranslationPublishing House,2004
[24] Millgate, Michael. The Achievement of William Faulkner. New York: Random House,1966.94-111.
[25] Moore, Kathleen. Jason Compson and the Mother Complex. The Mississippi Quarterly,2000:533-51
[26] Polk, Noel. The Dungeon was Mother Herself’: William Faulkner:1927-1931." NewDirections in Faulkner Studies: Faulkner and Yoknapatapha1983. Eds. DoreenFowler and Ann J. Abadie. Jackson: UP of Mississippi,1984:66.
[27] Vickery, Olga. The Sound and the Fury: A Study in Perspective. The Sound and the Fury. ed.David Minter. New York: W.W. Norton and Co.1987.
[28] Weinstein, Philip. T'he Combridge Companion to William Faulkner. Shanghai Foreignlanguage Education press,2000.
[29] Faulkner, William. The Sound and the Fury. Vintage Books, a division of Random House,1956.—1699一1945Appendix: The Compsons. The Portable Faulkner. Ed. MalcolmCowley. New York: Penguin Books Ltd,1977.—An Introduction to The Sound and the Fury. Mississippi Quarterly Version. The Soundand the Fury by William Faulkner: An Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts,Criticism. Ed. David Minter. W. W. Norton&Company,1987, PP.220-24.
[30] Wright, Elizabeth. Psychoanalytic Criticism: Theory in Practice. London: Routledge,1989.
[31] Wu, Weiren. The History of American Literature and Selected Readings.Vol.2. Beijing:Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,1990.
[32] Tao, Jie. Faulkner: Achievement and Endurance. Beijing: Peking University Press,1998.
[33] Zhu, Gang. Twentieth Century Western Critical Theories. Shanghai: Shanghai ForeignLanguage Education Press,2001.
[34]陈艳玲,冯晓伟.昔日的辉煌无奈的困境—《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁·康普生困境分析[J].吉林省教育学院学报,2008(12).
[35]李文俊.福克纳评论集[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1980:255.
[36]雷红珍,崔雅萍.《喧哗与骚动》中的神经症人格[J].西安外国语大学学报,2007(6).
[37]卡伦·霍妮.神经症与人的成长[M].张承漠、贾海虹译.上海:上海:文艺出版社,1996.—我们时代的神经症人格[M].冯川译.贵州:贵州人民出版社,1988.—我们的内心冲突[M].王轶梅等译.上海:上海文艺出版社,1998.—精神分析新法[M].雷春林、潘峰译.上海:上海文艺出版社,1999.
[38]陆扬.精神分析文论[M].济南:山东教育出版社,1998.
[39]陶洁.《喧哗与骚动》新探[J].外国文学评论.1992,(4):32一39.
[40]王小章,郭本俞.潜意识的诠释[M].中国社会科学出版社,北京,1982.
[41]王宁.文学与精神分析学[M].北京:人民文学出版社,2002.
[42]威廉·福克纳.喧哗与骚动[M].李文俊译，上海译文出版社,上海,2000.
[43]徐国超.遭遇时间之劫—《喧哗与骚动》中昆丁之死的文化诱因[J].作家杂志,2010(10).
[44]肖明翰.威廉·福克纳研究[M].北京:外语教学与研究出版社,1997.
[45]张礼牡.试论《喧哗与骚动》中孤独者的形象[J].作家杂志,2010(7).
[46]朱光潜.变态心理学派别[M].北京:商务印书馆,1999.