生物砂滤工艺用于城市污水再生利用的试验研究
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摘要
O/A生物砂滤池是在传统快滤池的基础上,充分借鉴了污水处理接触氧化法和曝气生物滤池的设计思路,所形成的集曝气充氧、物理截留、生物降解、高滤速等特点于一体的污水处理新工艺。O/A生物砂滤池本质上是一种生物膜反应器,处理核心是附着在石英砂滤料上的生物膜,因此反应器的充氧效果、挂膜性质、工艺运行与反冲洗控制是生物砂滤池处理的关键所在。在对生物砂滤工艺的挂膜特性、运行参数及反应器性质进行研究后,可得到如下结论:
挂膜于2009年3月17日启动,同年4月20日结束,在12.3℃-18.5℃的温度条件下,采用接种好氧预挂膜+自然培养启动。O/A生物砂滤工艺在挂膜第二阶段对CODCr、NH4+-N、NO3--N的平均去除率分别为30%、35%、45%;试验数据表明,气水比对挂膜效果影响较大,在生物膜的附着初期、中期、后期亦逐步提高气水比,以期形成梯度差,从而更符合生物膜的生长规律;挂膜期间的反冲洗试验表明,适度的反冲洗能促进生物膜的生长。
分别在污水和清水条件下,对空桶及生物砂滤柱的曝气充氧性能进行研究,发现KLa受水质、曝气强度、滤料等因素的影响较大。同等条件下,清水试验时的KLa值较污水试验时高;曝气强度越高,KLa值越大;而填装滤料后滤柱的KLa值较空桶时大。导入AHP层次分析法,认为水温、水质、进水流态、曝气量、滤料对KLa影响的权重分别为0.2593、0.2123、0.2123、0.1738、0.1423。
分析水力负荷、气水比等对O/A生物砂滤工艺除污效果的影响。数据表明,气水比较低时,好氧柱内存在同步硝化反硝化;,气水比较高时,缺氧柱内存在硝化及碳化;并总结出在水力负荷为3.0m/h、气水比为3:1时,生物砂滤柱出水满足GB18918-2002的一级A标准,又可以在能量利用及处理效率方面取得最大优化。
建立正交试验,以反冲洗前后生物砂滤柱的水头损失及对氨氮的去除率R的比作为评价反冲洗情况的参数,确定生物滤柱气水反冲洗最佳的运行参数:单独气洗强度12L/m2·s、单独气洗时间3min、联合冲洗水强度5L/m2·s、联合冲洗气强度10L/m2·s、联合冲洗时间5min、水漂洗强度10L/m2·s、水漂洗时间4min,反冲洗前后生物砂滤柱中的水头损失减少了24～68%,出水氨氮量的提高了9.4%～34.9%;对多指标试验结果的直观分析表明,单独气洗强度和气水联合冲洗时的气洗强度是影响滤柱反冲洗效果的重要因素。
O / A biological sand filter is a filter on the basis of the traditional rapid filter, full access to draw on the design ideas of contact oxidation method and biological aerated filter, that the set formed by aeration, physical retention, biodegradation, high filtration rate and so on in one of the new wastewater treatment technology. O / A biological sand filter is essentially a biofilm reactor, processing core is biofilm that attached to quartz sand, therefore the oxygenation effect of the reactor, hanging membrane properties, the backwashing process operation and control is the key. Studing the characteristics of the hanging biofilm, operating parameters and reactor of the nature of the research Biological sand filtration technology, obtained the following conclusions:
Hanging membrane started on March 17 2009, expire on March 17 of 2009, lasting 28 days. During hanging membrane period, the average removal rate of bio-sand filter process to CODCr, NH4+-N, TN waws ;The test found that gas-water ratio has a greater impact on hanging membrane, Early small gas-water is more suitable for hanging membrane needs then the late medium gas-water; during the backwash of hanging membrane, studies have found that a modest counter-washing can promote biofilm growth..
In sewage and water conditions, the empty barrels and biological sand filter column aeration and oxygenation properties were studied, found that KLa subjected to water quality, aeration intensity, filter and other factors ,leading into AHP level analytic approach, the water temperature, water quality, water flow state, aeration, filtration and so on, the impact of weight on KLa were 0.2593 , 0.2123 , 0.2123 , 0.1738 , 0.1423 . Analyzing hydrauLic loading, gas-water ratio’s influence to sand filtration process for biological decontamination effect, finding that when hydraulic loading is 3.0m / h, gas-water ratio is 3:1, the bio-sand filter column effluent can meet first class A standard of GB18918-2002,it also can get the maximum optimization in energy utilization and water handling.
Building orthogonal test and taking sand filter head loss and the removal rate R as the evaluation of anti-flushing conditions. The results show that the head loss is reduced by 24% to 68%,and the head loss is enhanced by 9.4% to 34.9% in biological sand filter after backwashing compared with that before backwashing. The optimal operation parameters are determined as follows: the single air backwashing intensity,single water backwashing intensity,combined backwashing intensity are 12L/m~2·s,10L/m~2·s and 5L/m~2·s respectively,the single backwashing time,single water backwashing time and combined backwash time are 3min,5min and 4min respectively. The air backwashing intensity is the important factor influencing backwashing efficiency of the filter.
挂膜于2009年3月17日启动,同年4月20日结束,在12.3℃-18.5℃的温度条件下,采用接种好氧预挂膜+自然培养启动。O/A生物砂滤工艺在挂膜第二阶段对CODCr、NH4+-N、NO3--N的平均去除率分别为30%、35%、45%;试验数据表明,气水比对挂膜效果影响较大,在生物膜的附着初期、中期、后期亦逐步提高气水比,以期形成梯度差,从而更符合生物膜的生长规律;挂膜期间的反冲洗试验表明,适度的反冲洗能促进生物膜的生长。
分别在污水和清水条件下,对空桶及生物砂滤柱的曝气充氧性能进行研究,发现KLa受水质、曝气强度、滤料等因素的影响较大。同等条件下,清水试验时的KLa值较污水试验时高;曝气强度越高,KLa值越大;而填装滤料后滤柱的KLa值较空桶时大。导入AHP层次分析法,认为水温、水质、进水流态、曝气量、滤料对KLa影响的权重分别为0.2593、0.2123、0.2123、0.1738、0.1423。
分析水力负荷、气水比等对O/A生物砂滤工艺除污效果的影响。数据表明,气水比较低时,好氧柱内存在同步硝化反硝化;,气水比较高时,缺氧柱内存在硝化及碳化;并总结出在水力负荷为3.0m/h、气水比为3:1时,生物砂滤柱出水满足GB18918-2002的一级A标准,又可以在能量利用及处理效率方面取得最大优化。
建立正交试验,以反冲洗前后生物砂滤柱的水头损失及对氨氮的去除率R的比作为评价反冲洗情况的参数,确定生物滤柱气水反冲洗最佳的运行参数:单独气洗强度12L/m2·s、单独气洗时间3min、联合冲洗水强度5L/m2·s、联合冲洗气强度10L/m2·s、联合冲洗时间5min、水漂洗强度10L/m2·s、水漂洗时间4min,反冲洗前后生物砂滤柱中的水头损失减少了24～68%,出水氨氮量的提高了9.4%～34.9%;对多指标试验结果的直观分析表明,单独气洗强度和气水联合冲洗时的气洗强度是影响滤柱反冲洗效果的重要因素。
O / A biological sand filter is a filter on the basis of the traditional rapid filter, full access to draw on the design ideas of contact oxidation method and biological aerated filter, that the set formed by aeration, physical retention, biodegradation, high filtration rate and so on in one of the new wastewater treatment technology. O / A biological sand filter is essentially a biofilm reactor, processing core is biofilm that attached to quartz sand, therefore the oxygenation effect of the reactor, hanging membrane properties, the backwashing process operation and control is the key. Studing the characteristics of the hanging biofilm, operating parameters and reactor of the nature of the research Biological sand filtration technology, obtained the following conclusions:
Hanging membrane started on March 17 2009, expire on March 17 of 2009, lasting 28 days. During hanging membrane period, the average removal rate of bio-sand filter process to CODCr, NH4+-N, TN waws ;The test found that gas-water ratio has a greater impact on hanging membrane, Early small gas-water is more suitable for hanging membrane needs then the late medium gas-water; during the backwash of hanging membrane, studies have found that a modest counter-washing can promote biofilm growth..
In sewage and water conditions, the empty barrels and biological sand filter column aeration and oxygenation properties were studied, found that KLa subjected to water quality, aeration intensity, filter and other factors ,leading into AHP level analytic approach, the water temperature, water quality, water flow state, aeration, filtration and so on, the impact of weight on KLa were 0.2593 , 0.2123 , 0.2123 , 0.1738 , 0.1423 . Analyzing hydrauLic loading, gas-water ratio’s influence to sand filtration process for biological decontamination effect, finding that when hydraulic loading is 3.0m / h, gas-water ratio is 3:1, the bio-sand filter column effluent can meet first class A standard of GB18918-2002,it also can get the maximum optimization in energy utilization and water handling.
Building orthogonal test and taking sand filter head loss and the removal rate R as the evaluation of anti-flushing conditions. The results show that the head loss is reduced by 24% to 68%,and the head loss is enhanced by 9.4% to 34.9% in biological sand filter after backwashing compared with that before backwashing. The optimal operation parameters are determined as follows: the single air backwashing intensity,single water backwashing intensity,combined backwashing intensity are 12L/m~2·s,10L/m~2·s and 5L/m~2·s respectively,the single backwashing time,single water backwashing time and combined backwash time are 3min,5min and 4min respectively. The air backwashing intensity is the important factor influencing backwashing efficiency of the filter.
引文
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