智能机房管理系统的设计与实现
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摘要
智能机房管理系统就是通过远程唤醒技术实现远程管理员统一控制一个或几个机房的微机自动开机，然后实现基于PXE远程启动的WINDOWS 2000／XP的多播克隆，最后实现远程修改网络标识、IP等相关信息后，关机，从而达到机房维护自动化的目的。本系统可以广泛地应用于学校、网吧等机房管理部门，有着广阔的应用前景和社会效益、经济效益。
本文主要解决的关键问题是系统集成软件的实现。在系统集成软件的实现中包含远程唤醒的实现、工作站端PXE远程启动设置、服务器端的软件选择安装、生成PXE启动映像文件、服务器端PXE启动服务设置、启动服务、修改工作站端的网络信息，从而实现无人现场操作的智能机房维护管理系统设计目的。
本文主要采用了以下几种新技术：远程唤醒技术、远程启动技术、多播克隆技术和远程修改技术。
远程唤醒其主要工作是实现远程开机，ATX电源的高级管理为我们提供了这种可能。而远程启动是指在微机的启动过程中的远程引导，包括系统的主引导、操作系统等等，包括一些自动运行的批处理，以完成系统的启动过程。系统启动完成后，启用ghost镜像文件实现远程克隆，克隆的结果是每一台微机的软件都完全相同，这样就需要修改微机的IP、网络标识、子网掩码、DNS等等一些内容，如果每台都需要手动修改，工作量很大。该问题可以采用远程修改技术加以解决，即设置一台服务器，根据不同机器的MAC地址自动分配不同的相关信息，并在客户端上加以修改，已完成网络之需。
该系统是山东省教育厅2004年实验技术立项项目，并于2005年11月通过专家验收并投入学院的机房管理使用，达到了预期的效果。
Through the Wake-on-LAN technique, the intelligent lab management system is to realize the remote administrators control the start of the computers in one or more rooms, and realize the Multicast clone of the WINDOWS 2000/XP which is booted based on the PXE, and finally to modify the information, net ID, IP and so on, of the computers .Then turn them off, in order to arrive at the aim of maintenance automatically. The system can be widely applied in the lab management departments of school, net club etc. The system has a bright appliance future, a good society and economy benefit.
The key point discussed in the paper is the realization of the system integration software. The system realization includes Wake-on-LAN, boot settings of the workstations, selection and installation of the server software, generation of PXE image file, the serve PXE start-up service setting, the start-up service, the modification of workstation net information, in order to satisfy the design of the self-service intelligent lab management system.
This paper adopts some new technologies: WOL (Wake-on-LAN), remote booting、Multicast clone、remote modifying
Wake-on-LAN can realize the remote start through LAN, which is realized through the advanced management of ATX power. Remote Boot is the remote bootstrap in the process of the computer start-up, including the primary bootstrap, operating system and some batch processing automatically in order to finish the boot process. Then start the ghost mapping file to realize the remote clone, as the result that the software in every computer is completely the same. If the operation is finished by manual modification we will have a heavy work to do. The problem can be resolved by remote modifying, that is we make a host computer, and according to the different MAC, allot different data automatically, and modify these on the client computers for the need of net.
This system is Key Project of Shandong Provincial Education Depar
tment in 2004.It was approved by authorized experts in November 2005 a
本文主要解决的关键问题是系统集成软件的实现。在系统集成软件的实现中包含远程唤醒的实现、工作站端PXE远程启动设置、服务器端的软件选择安装、生成PXE启动映像文件、服务器端PXE启动服务设置、启动服务、修改工作站端的网络信息，从而实现无人现场操作的智能机房维护管理系统设计目的。
本文主要采用了以下几种新技术：远程唤醒技术、远程启动技术、多播克隆技术和远程修改技术。
远程唤醒其主要工作是实现远程开机，ATX电源的高级管理为我们提供了这种可能。而远程启动是指在微机的启动过程中的远程引导，包括系统的主引导、操作系统等等，包括一些自动运行的批处理，以完成系统的启动过程。系统启动完成后，启用ghost镜像文件实现远程克隆，克隆的结果是每一台微机的软件都完全相同，这样就需要修改微机的IP、网络标识、子网掩码、DNS等等一些内容，如果每台都需要手动修改，工作量很大。该问题可以采用远程修改技术加以解决，即设置一台服务器，根据不同机器的MAC地址自动分配不同的相关信息，并在客户端上加以修改，已完成网络之需。
该系统是山东省教育厅2004年实验技术立项项目，并于2005年11月通过专家验收并投入学院的机房管理使用，达到了预期的效果。
Through the Wake-on-LAN technique, the intelligent lab management system is to realize the remote administrators control the start of the computers in one or more rooms, and realize the Multicast clone of the WINDOWS 2000/XP which is booted based on the PXE, and finally to modify the information, net ID, IP and so on, of the computers .Then turn them off, in order to arrive at the aim of maintenance automatically. The system can be widely applied in the lab management departments of school, net club etc. The system has a bright appliance future, a good society and economy benefit.
The key point discussed in the paper is the realization of the system integration software. The system realization includes Wake-on-LAN, boot settings of the workstations, selection and installation of the server software, generation of PXE image file, the serve PXE start-up service setting, the start-up service, the modification of workstation net information, in order to satisfy the design of the self-service intelligent lab management system.
This paper adopts some new technologies: WOL (Wake-on-LAN), remote booting、Multicast clone、remote modifying
Wake-on-LAN can realize the remote start through LAN, which is realized through the advanced management of ATX power. Remote Boot is the remote bootstrap in the process of the computer start-up, including the primary bootstrap, operating system and some batch processing automatically in order to finish the boot process. Then start the ghost mapping file to realize the remote clone, as the result that the software in every computer is completely the same. If the operation is finished by manual modification we will have a heavy work to do. The problem can be resolved by remote modifying, that is we make a host computer, and according to the different MAC, allot different data automatically, and modify these on the client computers for the need of net.
This system is Key Project of Shandong Provincial Education Depar
tment in 2004.It was approved by authorized experts in November 2005 a
引文
[1] 徐敬东，张建忠．计算机网络[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2002
[2] 张浩军．计算机网络操作系统[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[3] 明月创作室．活学巧用BIOS与Windows 9x／Me／NT／2000／XP注册表[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社
[4] 王达．计算机网络远程访问与远程启动[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[5] 王达．计算机网络远程管理[M]．北京：电子工业出版社国，2003
[6] 张友生．远程控制编程技术[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[7] 吴道虎，李玉华．基于Web与网络一体化技术的远程监控系统及可靠性设计[J]．变频器世界，2003
[8] 胡俊，工业以太网和基于Internet的远程监控系统[J]．计算机应用研究，2000
[9] 刘波，齐德昱，段丽艳，张艳青．基于IP广播的计算机远程唤醒机制及其实现[J]．计算机应用研究，2004
[10] 戚文静．网络互联技术—路由、交换与远程访问[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[11] 邹县芳，张雁．网络管理维护大师(2003全新版)[M]．重庆：重庆出版社：2003
[12] 戚文静．网络安全与管理[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[13] 蔡茂国，杨淑雯．远程多场景运动物体捕捉系统的实现[J]．计算机应用研究，2000
[14] 彭启琮，李玉柏，管庆．DSP与实时数字信号处理．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1995
[15] 李建雨，肖松岭．网络组建与应用大全[M]．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2006
[16] 曹贺年，李祥胜．联网PC管理指南[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[17] 雷震甲．计算机网管管理[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社出版，2004，22(1)：11～13
[18] 徐小栋，韩俊．基于pxe启动的windows 2000／xp的多播克隆．中文方案文档站，2004
[19] 董明皓．在win2000下实现远程控制[J]．电子电脑报，2004
[20] 董明皓．windows系统远程唤醒的实现[J]．电子电脑报，2004
[21] 俞席忠．无盘工作站组建及应用[M]．北京：北京人民邮电出版社，2001
[22] 张广远，魏震生，张蛟．远程测试系统设计[J]．电子产品世界，2004，(5)：80-82．
[23] 牛凤莲，张晓东，张强．网络化测试技术研究[J]．自动化与仪表，2003，(2)：16-18．
[24] 王达．网络硬件及配置标准教程[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[25] 姚卫新．Windows NT4.0下无盘工作站的建立方法[J]．微型机与应用，2000，(3)：53-55．
[26] 王晓，林学华．NOVELL无盘网络使用与改造升级常见问题与分析[J]．计算机应用，2001，21(1)：79-81．
[27] 洪锡军，张奎亭等．Windows NT无盘工作站的组建[J]．计算机应用研究，2001，(6)：134-137．
[29] 原丽．Windows NT的无盘远程引导及实现方法[J]．内蒙古科技与经济，2002，(7)：73—74．
[29] Paul Taylor著，李增民等译．Windows NT 4.0 Administrator’S Black Book．北京：机械工业出版社，1997(7)
[30] Robert Cowart著，虞育新译．Windows NT百科全书．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998
[31] 肖虎勤．Windows NT网络管理指南．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998
[32] Stern M, Pasmossen T. Building Intranets On NT, Netware And Solaris: An Administrator'S Guide．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[33] DavidA. Solomon, MarkRussinovich. InsideMicrosoftWindows2000, September, 2000
[34] DavidA. Solomon. Inside WindowsNT, May, 1998
[35] PrasadDabak, SandeepPhadke, MilindBorate. Undocumented WindowsNT, October, 1999
[36] MattPietrek. Windows95 System Programming Secrets, March, 1996
[37] WalterOney. System Programming for Windows95, March, 1996
[38] WalterOney. Programming the Windows Driver Model, 1999
[39] Ritschard, Mark R. Building a computer lab that students will love; internet cafes and design studios. Source: Proceedings ACMSIGUCCS User Services Conference, 32nd Annual ACM SIGUCCS Fall 2004 Conference-Proceedings, 2004, p354-356
[40] Torkzadeh, Gholamreza. Effects of training on Internet self-efficacy and computer user attitudes. Source: Computers in Human Behavior, v 18, n 5, September, 2002, p 479-494
[41] Baba, Norio; Nimura, Naoki; Tsuji, Kazue; Taki, Eijiro. Utilization of neural networks to computer pets-Towards an intelligent utilization of internet communication. Source: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, v 3, 2002, p 1995-1999
[42] Neugass, Henry. $500 Internet computer. Source: Proceedings - TRON Project Symposium (International), 1996, p 128-133
[43] Urban, Joseph E.; Anderson-Rowland, Mary R.; Banks, Debra L. Experience with autonomous robots and wireless handheld internet devices in a computer basics course. Source: ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, ASEE 2004 Annual Conference and Exposition, "Engineering Education Researchs New Heights", 2004, p 5505-5511
[44] Lee, Dong-Eun (Sogang Univ); Kang, Seung-il; Song, Jae-Hong; Kim, Juho. CADIC: Computer-aided design on Internet with cryptosystem. Source: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, v 3, 1998, p 2670-2674
[45] Flerov, E.V. (RNTs Khirurgii RAMN); Sablin, I.N.; Broitman, O.G.; Tolmachev, V.A.; Batchaev, Sh. S. Computer-assisted monitoring systems. Use of computer networks and internet technologies. Source: Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, n 4, 2005, p 13-18 Language: Russia
[46] Paaso, J; Manninen, T. Computer supported and controlled learning with the aid of internet technologies. Source: International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, v 11, n 1-2, 2001, p 95-106
[47] Wong, Chock-Chong; Chalermdamrichai, Vatin; Veeramani, Dharmaraj. Quester: a computer-integrated system for virtual shopping through the Internet. Source: Industrial Engineering Research-Conference Proceedings, 1996, p 758-763
[48] Barbeite, Francisco G; Weiss, Elizabeth M. Computer self-efficacy and anxiety scales for an Internet sample: Testing measurement equivalence of existing measures and development of new scales. Source: Computers in Human Behavior, v 20, n 1, January, 2004, p 1-15
[49] Schumacher, P; Morahan-Martin, J. Gender, Internet and computer attitudes and experiences. Source: Computers in Human Behavior, v 17, n 1, Jan, 2001, p 95-110
[50] Pilgrim, C.J; Leung, Y.K. Appropriate use of the Internet in Computer Science courses. Source: SIGCSE Bulletin (Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education), v 28, n Special Issu, 1996, p 81-86
[2] 张浩军．计算机网络操作系统[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[3] 明月创作室．活学巧用BIOS与Windows 9x／Me／NT／2000／XP注册表[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社
[4] 王达．计算机网络远程访问与远程启动[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2003
[5] 王达．计算机网络远程管理[M]．北京：电子工业出版社国，2003
[6] 张友生．远程控制编程技术[M]．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
[7] 吴道虎，李玉华．基于Web与网络一体化技术的远程监控系统及可靠性设计[J]．变频器世界，2003
[8] 胡俊，工业以太网和基于Internet的远程监控系统[J]．计算机应用研究，2000
[9] 刘波，齐德昱，段丽艳，张艳青．基于IP广播的计算机远程唤醒机制及其实现[J]．计算机应用研究，2004
[10] 戚文静．网络互联技术—路由、交换与远程访问[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[11] 邹县芳，张雁．网络管理维护大师(2003全新版)[M]．重庆：重庆出版社：2003
[12] 戚文静．网络安全与管理[M]．北京：中国水利水电出版社，2003
[13] 蔡茂国，杨淑雯．远程多场景运动物体捕捉系统的实现[J]．计算机应用研究，2000
[14] 彭启琮，李玉柏，管庆．DSP与实时数字信号处理．成都：电子科技大学出版社，1995
[15] 李建雨，肖松岭．网络组建与应用大全[M]．北京：北京希望电子出版社，2006
[16] 曹贺年，李祥胜．联网PC管理指南[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2003
[17] 雷震甲．计算机网管管理[M]．西安：西安交通大学出版社出版，2004，22(1)：11～13
[18] 徐小栋，韩俊．基于pxe启动的windows 2000／xp的多播克隆．中文方案文档站，2004
[19] 董明皓．在win2000下实现远程控制[J]．电子电脑报，2004
[20] 董明皓．windows系统远程唤醒的实现[J]．电子电脑报，2004
[21] 俞席忠．无盘工作站组建及应用[M]．北京：北京人民邮电出版社，2001
[22] 张广远，魏震生，张蛟．远程测试系统设计[J]．电子产品世界，2004，(5)：80-82．
[23] 牛凤莲，张晓东，张强．网络化测试技术研究[J]．自动化与仪表，2003，(2)：16-18．
[24] 王达．网络硬件及配置标准教程[M]．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002
[25] 姚卫新．Windows NT4.0下无盘工作站的建立方法[J]．微型机与应用，2000，(3)：53-55．
[26] 王晓，林学华．NOVELL无盘网络使用与改造升级常见问题与分析[J]．计算机应用，2001，21(1)：79-81．
[27] 洪锡军，张奎亭等．Windows NT无盘工作站的组建[J]．计算机应用研究，2001，(6)：134-137．
[29] 原丽．Windows NT的无盘远程引导及实现方法[J]．内蒙古科技与经济，2002，(7)：73—74．
[29] Paul Taylor著，李增民等译．Windows NT 4.0 Administrator’S Black Book．北京：机械工业出版社，1997(7)
[30] Robert Cowart著，虞育新译．Windows NT百科全书．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998
[31] 肖虎勤．Windows NT网络管理指南．北京：人民邮电出版社，1998
[32] Stern M, Pasmossen T. Building Intranets On NT, Netware And Solaris: An Administrator'S Guide．北京：电子工业出版社，1998
[33] DavidA. Solomon, MarkRussinovich. InsideMicrosoftWindows2000, September, 2000
[34] DavidA. Solomon. Inside WindowsNT, May, 1998
[35] PrasadDabak, SandeepPhadke, MilindBorate. Undocumented WindowsNT, October, 1999
[36] MattPietrek. Windows95 System Programming Secrets, March, 1996
[37] WalterOney. System Programming for Windows95, March, 1996
[38] WalterOney. Programming the Windows Driver Model, 1999
[39] Ritschard, Mark R. Building a computer lab that students will love; internet cafes and design studios. Source: Proceedings ACMSIGUCCS User Services Conference, 32nd Annual ACM SIGUCCS Fall 2004 Conference-Proceedings, 2004, p354-356
[40] Torkzadeh, Gholamreza. Effects of training on Internet self-efficacy and computer user attitudes. Source: Computers in Human Behavior, v 18, n 5, September, 2002, p 479-494
[41] Baba, Norio; Nimura, Naoki; Tsuji, Kazue; Taki, Eijiro. Utilization of neural networks to computer pets-Towards an intelligent utilization of internet communication. Source: Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, v 3, 2002, p 1995-1999
[42] Neugass, Henry. $500 Internet computer. Source: Proceedings - TRON Project Symposium (International), 1996, p 128-133
[43] Urban, Joseph E.; Anderson-Rowland, Mary R.; Banks, Debra L. Experience with autonomous robots and wireless handheld internet devices in a computer basics course. Source: ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, ASEE 2004 Annual Conference and Exposition, "Engineering Education Researchs New Heights", 2004, p 5505-5511
[44] Lee, Dong-Eun (Sogang Univ); Kang, Seung-il; Song, Jae-Hong; Kim, Juho. CADIC: Computer-aided design on Internet with cryptosystem. Source: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, v 3, 1998, p 2670-2674
[45] Flerov, E.V. (RNTs Khirurgii RAMN); Sablin, I.N.; Broitman, O.G.; Tolmachev, V.A.; Batchaev, Sh. S. Computer-assisted monitoring systems. Use of computer networks and internet technologies. Source: Meditsinskaya Tekhnika, n 4, 2005, p 13-18 Language: Russia
[46] Paaso, J; Manninen, T. Computer supported and controlled learning with the aid of internet technologies. Source: International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, v 11, n 1-2, 2001, p 95-106
[47] Wong, Chock-Chong; Chalermdamrichai, Vatin; Veeramani, Dharmaraj. Quester: a computer-integrated system for virtual shopping through the Internet. Source: Industrial Engineering Research-Conference Proceedings, 1996, p 758-763
[48] Barbeite, Francisco G; Weiss, Elizabeth M. Computer self-efficacy and anxiety scales for an Internet sample: Testing measurement equivalence of existing measures and development of new scales. Source: Computers in Human Behavior, v 20, n 1, January, 2004, p 1-15
[49] Schumacher, P; Morahan-Martin, J. Gender, Internet and computer attitudes and experiences. Source: Computers in Human Behavior, v 17, n 1, Jan, 2001, p 95-110
[50] Pilgrim, C.J; Leung, Y.K. Appropriate use of the Internet in Computer Science courses. Source: SIGCSE Bulletin (Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education), v 28, n Special Issu, 1996, p 81-86