桁架门式起重机主梁三维设计与分析
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摘要
本文阐述了目前国内外桁架门式起重机的研究现状、发展方向及其在工业生产中的重要作用。在此基础上,针对桁架门式起重机主梁杆构件较多、设计繁琐、分析困难等特点,提出了对主梁结构进行设计、建模及工程分析一体化的设计方案。
首先对桁架门式起重机主梁结构进行设计,包括类型及材料的选择、参数的确定、杆件截面尺寸计算、载荷的计算、载荷组合形式的选择及强度刚度稳定性的验算;其次应用SolidWorks对跨度39.6米,起重量35+35吨的双梁桁架门式起重机主梁进行了三维建模设计,采用两种方法对该桁架门式起重机建立三维有限元模型,并对两种建模方法进行比较;再次针对各种载荷工况,用SolidWorks-Simulation对主梁进行了有限元分析,验证在各种工况下主梁危险截面的强度和刚度;最后以跨度39.6米桁架门式起重机主梁为桁架门式起重机的基本模型,结合桁架结构特点,以Windows操作平台、VB6.0为二次开发环境,开发了桁架门式起重机主梁的参数化设计、建模和有限元分析一体化设计分析软件。
跨度为39.6米桁架门式起重机主梁设计分析一体化的实现,对提高桁架门式起重机的设计质量、缩短设计周期、降低设计成本具有显著优越性;而设计分析软件操作简便、建模效率高、实用性强、为企业研发新产品提供了方便。
This article give full research to truss gantry crane at home and abroad about research status, development direction and important role in the industrial production. On this basis, these characteristics are more members、complicated design、difficult analysis for truss gantry crane . 3D parametric design,modeling and engineering analysis are give to the main girder of the truss gantry crane, made the integration of design, modeling and engineering analysis.
First,With design of the main girder structure of the truss gantry crane, including chose of the style and materials, determination of parameter, calcu- lation of the bar section and size, calculation of load, the chose of load com- binations and checking of the strength, stiffness, stability; Second, By used of SolidWorks 3D modeling design give to main girder of the truss gantry crane with span of 39.6 meters, and lifting weight 35 + 35t. Build 3D finite element model to this truss gantry crane by use two kinds of methods, and compare the two kinds of modeling methods; According to various load conditions, finite element analysis to the main girder by use of SolidWorks-Simulation, checking the strength and rigidity of dangerous section of the girder under different conditions; Finally, Take the main girder of the truss gantry crane with span of 39.6 meters for basic model, combining the characteristics of truss structures, With the Windows operating platform and secondary development environment of VB6.0, built design analysis software integration of parametric design, modeling and finite element analysis of main girder of the truss gantry crane .
With the inte- gration of design and analysis to main girder of the truss gantry crane with span of 39.6 meters, have significant superiority to design quality, shorten the design cycle, reducing cost. Design analysis software with simple operation, high efficiency modeling and practical, and provides the convenience for enterprise to develop new products.
首先对桁架门式起重机主梁结构进行设计,包括类型及材料的选择、参数的确定、杆件截面尺寸计算、载荷的计算、载荷组合形式的选择及强度刚度稳定性的验算;其次应用SolidWorks对跨度39.6米,起重量35+35吨的双梁桁架门式起重机主梁进行了三维建模设计,采用两种方法对该桁架门式起重机建立三维有限元模型,并对两种建模方法进行比较;再次针对各种载荷工况,用SolidWorks-Simulation对主梁进行了有限元分析,验证在各种工况下主梁危险截面的强度和刚度;最后以跨度39.6米桁架门式起重机主梁为桁架门式起重机的基本模型,结合桁架结构特点,以Windows操作平台、VB6.0为二次开发环境,开发了桁架门式起重机主梁的参数化设计、建模和有限元分析一体化设计分析软件。
跨度为39.6米桁架门式起重机主梁设计分析一体化的实现,对提高桁架门式起重机的设计质量、缩短设计周期、降低设计成本具有显著优越性;而设计分析软件操作简便、建模效率高、实用性强、为企业研发新产品提供了方便。
This article give full research to truss gantry crane at home and abroad about research status, development direction and important role in the industrial production. On this basis, these characteristics are more members、complicated design、difficult analysis for truss gantry crane . 3D parametric design,modeling and engineering analysis are give to the main girder of the truss gantry crane, made the integration of design, modeling and engineering analysis.
First,With design of the main girder structure of the truss gantry crane, including chose of the style and materials, determination of parameter, calcu- lation of the bar section and size, calculation of load, the chose of load com- binations and checking of the strength, stiffness, stability; Second, By used of SolidWorks 3D modeling design give to main girder of the truss gantry crane with span of 39.6 meters, and lifting weight 35 + 35t. Build 3D finite element model to this truss gantry crane by use two kinds of methods, and compare the two kinds of modeling methods; According to various load conditions, finite element analysis to the main girder by use of SolidWorks-Simulation, checking the strength and rigidity of dangerous section of the girder under different conditions; Finally, Take the main girder of the truss gantry crane with span of 39.6 meters for basic model, combining the characteristics of truss structures, With the Windows operating platform and secondary development environment of VB6.0, built design analysis software integration of parametric design, modeling and finite element analysis of main girder of the truss gantry crane .
With the inte- gration of design and analysis to main girder of the truss gantry crane with span of 39.6 meters, have significant superiority to design quality, shorten the design cycle, reducing cost. Design analysis software with simple operation, high efficiency modeling and practical, and provides the convenience for enterprise to develop new products.
引文
[1]高倩. SolidWorks在起重机虚拟产品设计中的应用[J].河南六维空间电子科技有限公司,2009, (4): 44~46.
[2]高崇仁,任会礼.基于参数化编程技术的桁架门式起重机有限元分析系统[J].起重运输机械,2006,(1):45~46
[3]刘芒果,孙玉霞机械CAD三维设计的应用研究[J]煤矿机械2005,(9):70~71
[4] Ibrahim Zeid.CAD/ CAM Theory and Practice.Dept of Mechanical engineering,Northeastern University ,1991
[5]孙江宏主编计算机辅助设计[M]北京:水利水电出版社2009
[6] Elllot, W S. Computer-Aided Mechanical Engineering. Computer-Aided Design1989,12
[7]杨朝丽计算机辅助工程(CAE)发展现状及其应用综述[J]昆明大学学报(综合版) 2003,(2):50～54
[8] Yung-Chou Kao, Grier C. I.Lin. Development of a collaborative CAD/CAM system. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 1998,(14): 55～68
[9] DS SolidWorks公司张俊胡其登一体化的CAD/CAE系统发展趋势[J] 2009,(1):23 e-works
[10]曹岩,赵汝嘉主编SolidWorks 2009基础篇[M]北京:化学工业出版社2009
[11]廖雪梅机械设计从三维开始将是必然趋势[J]装备制造技术2009,(6):125～126
[12]刘震,陈苑国外著名CAE软件厂商[J]软件世界57～59
[13]张亮有机械产品CAD软件的开发研究[J]山西科技2001 (1):34～35
[14]徐格宁,徐克晋起重运输机金属结构设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[15]张质文,王金诺,虞和谦,包起帆起重机设计手册北京:中国铁道出版社1998
[16]王金诺,于兰峰起重运输机金属结构[M]北京:中国铁道出版社2002
[17]国家标准局GB3811-2008起重机设计规范[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[18] E.Bahk.Grnudbegriffe.der.Leichtbautechnik und Ihre Anwendung[M].Konstruktion, 1954
[19]过玉卿.起重机运输机械[M].武汉:华中理工出版社,1992
[20]陈进,樊艳,侯沂,王旭东大型双梁桁架门式起重机钢结构设计与研究[J]中国工程机械学报2009,(7):64～67
[21] (美)solidworks公司著,叶修梓,陈超祥,主编杭州新迪数字工程系统有限公司编译solidworks基础教程:零件与装配体[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[22]李启炎,李光耀等.SolidWorks三维设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[23]Zhang,C.F;Lu,D.J..Study on a MEMS CAD system based on SolidWorks.Applied Mechanics and Materials.Volume:12,Issue:1～2,2008
[24]徐慧平.基于特征的三维实体生成方法[M].计算机工程图形的探索与实践,1994
[25]智晋宁,张洪三维建模技术在机械产品[J]机械管理开发2004,(4):71～72
[26]徐国权,黄志超基于SolidWorks的参数化设计二次开发研究[J]机械设计与研究2007 (23):68～70
[27]师诚抽壳式桥式起重机三维模型的建立与应用[J]学位论文太原科技大学2008
[28] (美) SolidWorks公司著生信实维公司编译SolidWorks API二次开发[M]机械工业出版社2005
[29] SolidWorks Corporation U.S.SolidWorks 2001 plus API Help
[30] (美)SolidWorks公司著SolidWorks叶修梓,陈超祥,主编杭州新迪数字工程系统有限公司编译solidworks高级教程:二次开发与API[M]机械工业出版社2009
[31]平功辉,杨关良,欧阳清利用VB对SolidWorks的二次开发机械设计与制造2006 ,(1):73～74
[32] Chu,Chih—Hsing,Song,Mu-Chi,Luo,Vincent C.S.Computer aided parametric design for 3D tire mold production[J].Computers in Industry.2006,(57):11～25
[33]田仙云.基于桥式起重机结构的参数化绘图系统研究[J].机械管理开发,2006, (93):34～35
[34] Myung S, Han S. Knowledge based parametric design of mechanical products based on confogration method [J].Expert System with Applications,2001,(21) :99~107
[35]朱跃峰基于SolidWorks的机械产品参数化设计研究机械设计与制造2008,(6):26～28
[36]刘炳文,许蔓舒.Visual Basic程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2000,7
[37]沈海荣,杨勇生,张军基于VB技术的Solidworks二次开发计算机辅助工程,2004,(4):52～56
[38]吕晓燕,贾海英,张晓钟基于VB对SolidWorks二次开发方法的研究机械设计与制造2005,3:114～116
[39] (美)solidworks公司著,叶修梓,陈超祥,主编杭州新迪数字工程系统有限公司编译solidworks simulation基础教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[40]有限元分析及应用曾攀主编清华大学出版社2008年5月96～98
[41]有限元与MARC实现梁清香等编著机械工业出版社2005年4月1～5
[42] Averill M.Law Simulation Modeling and Analysis[M]. Bei Jing:Tsinghua University Press 2009
[43] Leslie Bortels,Marius Purcar.A User-friendly Simulation Software Tool for 3D ECM.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004
[44] Rowe,Jeffxey Solidworks 2006:Analyzing and validating mechanical designs on The fly.Cadalyst.Volume:22,Issue:8,September,2005
[45] Hon Wai Chun,Rebecca Y.M.Wong.An Intelligent Crane Lorry Scheduling System.Applied Intellingence[J].2004,20(3):179～194
[46]庞延波,于兰峰双梁桁架龙门起重机主梁的优化设计重型机械科技2007,1:15～16
[47] D.Vogel,R Dudek,J.Kel ler,B.Michel.Combining DIC techniques and finite element analysis for reliability assessment on micro and nano scale1.2003 Electronics Packaging Technology Conference
[48] Krishnakumar,S.,Hoole,S.R.H.A common algorithm for various parametric geometric changes in finite element design sensitivity computation[J].Journal of Materials Processing Tech.2005,161(10):368～373
[2]高崇仁,任会礼.基于参数化编程技术的桁架门式起重机有限元分析系统[J].起重运输机械,2006,(1):45~46
[3]刘芒果,孙玉霞机械CAD三维设计的应用研究[J]煤矿机械2005,(9):70~71
[4] Ibrahim Zeid.CAD/ CAM Theory and Practice.Dept of Mechanical engineering,Northeastern University ,1991
[5]孙江宏主编计算机辅助设计[M]北京:水利水电出版社2009
[6] Elllot, W S. Computer-Aided Mechanical Engineering. Computer-Aided Design1989,12
[7]杨朝丽计算机辅助工程(CAE)发展现状及其应用综述[J]昆明大学学报(综合版) 2003,(2):50～54
[8] Yung-Chou Kao, Grier C. I.Lin. Development of a collaborative CAD/CAM system. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 1998,(14): 55～68
[9] DS SolidWorks公司张俊胡其登一体化的CAD/CAE系统发展趋势[J] 2009,(1):23 e-works
[10]曹岩,赵汝嘉主编SolidWorks 2009基础篇[M]北京:化学工业出版社2009
[11]廖雪梅机械设计从三维开始将是必然趋势[J]装备制造技术2009,(6):125～126
[12]刘震,陈苑国外著名CAE软件厂商[J]软件世界57～59
[13]张亮有机械产品CAD软件的开发研究[J]山西科技2001 (1):34～35
[14]徐格宁,徐克晋起重运输机金属结构设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1997
[15]张质文,王金诺,虞和谦,包起帆起重机设计手册北京:中国铁道出版社1998
[16]王金诺,于兰峰起重运输机金属结构[M]北京:中国铁道出版社2002
[17]国家标准局GB3811-2008起重机设计规范[M].北京:中国标准出版社,2009.
[18] E.Bahk.Grnudbegriffe.der.Leichtbautechnik und Ihre Anwendung[M].Konstruktion, 1954
[19]过玉卿.起重机运输机械[M].武汉:华中理工出版社,1992
[20]陈进,樊艳,侯沂,王旭东大型双梁桁架门式起重机钢结构设计与研究[J]中国工程机械学报2009,(7):64～67
[21] (美)solidworks公司著,叶修梓,陈超祥,主编杭州新迪数字工程系统有限公司编译solidworks基础教程:零件与装配体[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2008
[22]李启炎,李光耀等.SolidWorks三维设计教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[23]Zhang,C.F;Lu,D.J..Study on a MEMS CAD system based on SolidWorks.Applied Mechanics and Materials.Volume:12,Issue:1～2,2008
[24]徐慧平.基于特征的三维实体生成方法[M].计算机工程图形的探索与实践,1994
[25]智晋宁,张洪三维建模技术在机械产品[J]机械管理开发2004,(4):71～72
[26]徐国权,黄志超基于SolidWorks的参数化设计二次开发研究[J]机械设计与研究2007 (23):68～70
[27]师诚抽壳式桥式起重机三维模型的建立与应用[J]学位论文太原科技大学2008
[28] (美) SolidWorks公司著生信实维公司编译SolidWorks API二次开发[M]机械工业出版社2005
[29] SolidWorks Corporation U.S.SolidWorks 2001 plus API Help
[30] (美)SolidWorks公司著SolidWorks叶修梓,陈超祥,主编杭州新迪数字工程系统有限公司编译solidworks高级教程:二次开发与API[M]机械工业出版社2009
[31]平功辉,杨关良,欧阳清利用VB对SolidWorks的二次开发机械设计与制造2006 ,(1):73～74
[32] Chu,Chih—Hsing,Song,Mu-Chi,Luo,Vincent C.S.Computer aided parametric design for 3D tire mold production[J].Computers in Industry.2006,(57):11～25
[33]田仙云.基于桥式起重机结构的参数化绘图系统研究[J].机械管理开发,2006, (93):34～35
[34] Myung S, Han S. Knowledge based parametric design of mechanical products based on confogration method [J].Expert System with Applications,2001,(21) :99~107
[35]朱跃峰基于SolidWorks的机械产品参数化设计研究机械设计与制造2008,(6):26～28
[36]刘炳文,许蔓舒.Visual Basic程序设计教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2000,7
[37]沈海荣,杨勇生,张军基于VB技术的Solidworks二次开发计算机辅助工程,2004,(4):52～56
[38]吕晓燕,贾海英,张晓钟基于VB对SolidWorks二次开发方法的研究机械设计与制造2005,3:114～116
[39] (美)solidworks公司著,叶修梓,陈超祥,主编杭州新迪数字工程系统有限公司编译solidworks simulation基础教程[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009
[40]有限元分析及应用曾攀主编清华大学出版社2008年5月96～98
[41]有限元与MARC实现梁清香等编著机械工业出版社2005年4月1～5
[42] Averill M.Law Simulation Modeling and Analysis[M]. Bei Jing:Tsinghua University Press 2009
[43] Leslie Bortels,Marius Purcar.A User-friendly Simulation Software Tool for 3D ECM.Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2004
[44] Rowe,Jeffxey Solidworks 2006:Analyzing and validating mechanical designs on The fly.Cadalyst.Volume:22,Issue:8,September,2005
[45] Hon Wai Chun,Rebecca Y.M.Wong.An Intelligent Crane Lorry Scheduling System.Applied Intellingence[J].2004,20(3):179～194
[46]庞延波,于兰峰双梁桁架龙门起重机主梁的优化设计重型机械科技2007,1:15～16
[47] D.Vogel,R Dudek,J.Kel ler,B.Michel.Combining DIC techniques and finite element analysis for reliability assessment on micro and nano scale1.2003 Electronics Packaging Technology Conference
[48] Krishnakumar,S.,Hoole,S.R.H.A common algorithm for various parametric geometric changes in finite element design sensitivity computation[J].Journal of Materials Processing Tech.2005,161(10):368～373