抽壳式桥式起重机三维模型的建立与应用
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摘要
本文针对国内外桥式起重机的发展现状、发展动态和发展方向及其在现代工业中的重要作用,对桥式起重机的有限元分析模型进行了设计研究,实现了桥式起重机简化抽壳式模型的三维参数化设计和变量化建模,并运用有限元工程分析理论,对桥架结构进行静态分析,以达到指导设计和提高桥式起重机技术性能的目的。具体工作如下:
1、本文通过面向对象编程工具Visual C++6.0和COM接口技术,运用参数化设计方法进行了商品化CAD软件SolidWorks的二次开发。即通过引用API函数,对SolidWorks进行参数化二次开发,并使用了CSldWorks类,应用该类实现了SolidWorks的启动、关闭、草图绘制、实体特征如拉伸、切除、抽壳等操作。
2、本文进行了桥式起重机简化抽壳式模型的研究和参数化程序的设计。为了便于有限元的分析,调用CSldWorks类中的抽壳函数,将桥式起重机简化成了整体的抽壳式模型,省去了连接的环节,去掉了对有限元分析影响很小的走台、梯子、护栏、导电架等部件,便于划分网格、加载边界约束和载荷。
3、对抽壳后的模型进行了进一步的修改,通过调用CSldWorks类中的拉伸函数,在上翼缘板的内表面拉伸出了大隔板,以满足稳定性的要求;通过调用拉伸函数,将壳体中较厚的板进行拉伸,并将上下翼缘板外伸的部分拉伸出来,得到了更加接近于实际的模型。
4、本文在对桥式起重机的建模和结构分析的基础上,运用COSMOSWorks有限元分析软件进行了桥式起重机的单元划分、约束处理以及外载荷处理等方面的工作。主要采用了静态分析的研究方法,运用COSMOSWorks得到静态下的位移和应力分布规律,同时在关键点处用实测值进行了验证,得到了桥架结构的承载应力大小及其分布状况,其结果与传统力学计算方法结果进行了比较。
5、通过有限元分析结果可以看出,简化抽壳式模型得到的结果与力学计算模型的计算结果基本吻合的,在有限元分析时间上比完整模型要短,占用的存储空间比完整模型要少,然而得到的分析结果也基本一致。由此可见,简化抽壳式模型更加简便、实用,便于有限元的分析。
本文主要通过抽壳和拉伸的方法实现了桥式起重机的简化抽壳式模型的参数化生成,并在建立桥式起重机桥架结构的三维有限元模型的基础上,充分考虑了桥式起重机桥架结构的实际承载状态,利用COSMOSWorks软件对桥式起重机桥架结构进行了有限元静态分析,可以得到以下结论:(1)从桥式起重机桥架的静态分析的结果可得出,本文所建立的简化抽壳式桥架结构模型满足有限元分析的要求。(2)根据有限元分析结果的应力和变形分布情况可以得出最大应力和变形出现的位置,与实际情况及已有的试验结果相符合,作为桥架结构的薄弱部位在对桥架结构进行承载能力综合评估时要作为检测的重点。(3)与传统力学计算方法相比,有限元方法所得到的结果略有偏差,考虑到有限元模型建立时所作的一些必要的简化和传统力学计算本身的近似性,可以认为所建立的有限元模型是可信的,其求解结果也是科学、可靠的。
This paper summarizes the status , the dynamic development and direction on the modern industry of bridge crane at home and abroad, design and study the finite element analysis model of bridge crane. Accomplish Three-dimensional design parameters and variable modeling of Simplified shell model of bridge crane. And apply finite element analysis theory to the bridge structure of static analysis, to achieve the purpose of guidance of the design and improve the technical performance of the bridge crane. The main work is as follows:
1、Apply parametric design method, accomplish the further development of SolidWorks which is the commercial CAD software ,by the programming language Visual C++6.0 which is oriented to object and COM interface technology. Viz achieved the further development of SolidWorks by the use of API functions, apply the Class CSldWorks to accomplish the operation of starting, closing, sketch drawing, creating entity feature such as extension, cutting and shell and so on.
2、This paper study the simplified shell model of bridge crane and design the Parametric procedures. In order to facilitate the finite element analysis, call the shell function of the class CSldWorks and simplify the bridge crane into the overall shell model,Omit the link connecting, platform, ladders, Parapet and conductive part which have little effect on finite element analysis, facilitate decomposition of grid , load border Constraints and loads.
3、Modify the shell model, call the extention function of the class CSldWorks, pull out a big gap plate on the inner surface of the Flange plate, in order to meet the requirements of stability; Extend the thicker plate of the shell and the outstanding part of flange plate by calling the extention function to acquire the more practical model.
4、On the base of structure analysis , creating the model of main girder, element partition , DOF disposal and loads disposal etc by using the finite element analysis software COSMOSWorks. The study process mainly uses a static analysis of the research method, use the finite element analysis software COSMOSWorks, get out the static distribution of displacement and stress, and compare the results on the key nodes and values that test on the real product. Get stress and its distribution of bridge - crane structure, the computing results compared with the traditional mechanics results.
5、Through finite element analysis, the results of simplified shell model are basically consistent with the results of the mechanical model. The time of finite element analysis is shorter than the complete model, and use less storage space than the complete model. But the results of the analysis are also consistent. This shows that the simplified shell model is more simple , practical and convenient for finite element analysis.
This paper mainly achieve parametric generation of the simplified shell model of the bridge crane through the shell and stretching method, fully considerate of the actual load-bearing state of the bridge structure on the basis of the establishment of three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge structure. Do the finite element analysis of static by using the finite element analysis software COSMOSWorks. The main conclusion is as follows: (1) From the results of the static analysis of the bridge, it can be drawn that the established simplified shell model meet the requirements of the finite element analysis. (2) know the distributing location of the largest stress and deformation according to the results of the finite element analysis of stress and deformation, which is basically consistent with the actual situation and the trial, as the weak parts of a bridge structure it should be regarded as the focus when assess the load-bearing capacity of the bridge structure. (3) Compared with the traditional mechanical calculation method, the results of the finite element method obtained by a slight deviation. Considering the necessary simplification of the finite element model and the and the approximation of the traditional mechanical calculation, it is believed that the established finite element model is credible, and its results are science and reliable.
1、本文通过面向对象编程工具Visual C++6.0和COM接口技术,运用参数化设计方法进行了商品化CAD软件SolidWorks的二次开发。即通过引用API函数,对SolidWorks进行参数化二次开发,并使用了CSldWorks类,应用该类实现了SolidWorks的启动、关闭、草图绘制、实体特征如拉伸、切除、抽壳等操作。
2、本文进行了桥式起重机简化抽壳式模型的研究和参数化程序的设计。为了便于有限元的分析,调用CSldWorks类中的抽壳函数,将桥式起重机简化成了整体的抽壳式模型,省去了连接的环节,去掉了对有限元分析影响很小的走台、梯子、护栏、导电架等部件,便于划分网格、加载边界约束和载荷。
3、对抽壳后的模型进行了进一步的修改,通过调用CSldWorks类中的拉伸函数,在上翼缘板的内表面拉伸出了大隔板,以满足稳定性的要求;通过调用拉伸函数,将壳体中较厚的板进行拉伸,并将上下翼缘板外伸的部分拉伸出来,得到了更加接近于实际的模型。
4、本文在对桥式起重机的建模和结构分析的基础上,运用COSMOSWorks有限元分析软件进行了桥式起重机的单元划分、约束处理以及外载荷处理等方面的工作。主要采用了静态分析的研究方法,运用COSMOSWorks得到静态下的位移和应力分布规律,同时在关键点处用实测值进行了验证,得到了桥架结构的承载应力大小及其分布状况,其结果与传统力学计算方法结果进行了比较。
5、通过有限元分析结果可以看出,简化抽壳式模型得到的结果与力学计算模型的计算结果基本吻合的,在有限元分析时间上比完整模型要短,占用的存储空间比完整模型要少,然而得到的分析结果也基本一致。由此可见,简化抽壳式模型更加简便、实用,便于有限元的分析。
本文主要通过抽壳和拉伸的方法实现了桥式起重机的简化抽壳式模型的参数化生成,并在建立桥式起重机桥架结构的三维有限元模型的基础上,充分考虑了桥式起重机桥架结构的实际承载状态,利用COSMOSWorks软件对桥式起重机桥架结构进行了有限元静态分析,可以得到以下结论:(1)从桥式起重机桥架的静态分析的结果可得出,本文所建立的简化抽壳式桥架结构模型满足有限元分析的要求。(2)根据有限元分析结果的应力和变形分布情况可以得出最大应力和变形出现的位置,与实际情况及已有的试验结果相符合,作为桥架结构的薄弱部位在对桥架结构进行承载能力综合评估时要作为检测的重点。(3)与传统力学计算方法相比,有限元方法所得到的结果略有偏差,考虑到有限元模型建立时所作的一些必要的简化和传统力学计算本身的近似性,可以认为所建立的有限元模型是可信的,其求解结果也是科学、可靠的。
This paper summarizes the status , the dynamic development and direction on the modern industry of bridge crane at home and abroad, design and study the finite element analysis model of bridge crane. Accomplish Three-dimensional design parameters and variable modeling of Simplified shell model of bridge crane. And apply finite element analysis theory to the bridge structure of static analysis, to achieve the purpose of guidance of the design and improve the technical performance of the bridge crane. The main work is as follows:
1、Apply parametric design method, accomplish the further development of SolidWorks which is the commercial CAD software ,by the programming language Visual C++6.0 which is oriented to object and COM interface technology. Viz achieved the further development of SolidWorks by the use of API functions, apply the Class CSldWorks to accomplish the operation of starting, closing, sketch drawing, creating entity feature such as extension, cutting and shell and so on.
2、This paper study the simplified shell model of bridge crane and design the Parametric procedures. In order to facilitate the finite element analysis, call the shell function of the class CSldWorks and simplify the bridge crane into the overall shell model,Omit the link connecting, platform, ladders, Parapet and conductive part which have little effect on finite element analysis, facilitate decomposition of grid , load border Constraints and loads.
3、Modify the shell model, call the extention function of the class CSldWorks, pull out a big gap plate on the inner surface of the Flange plate, in order to meet the requirements of stability; Extend the thicker plate of the shell and the outstanding part of flange plate by calling the extention function to acquire the more practical model.
4、On the base of structure analysis , creating the model of main girder, element partition , DOF disposal and loads disposal etc by using the finite element analysis software COSMOSWorks. The study process mainly uses a static analysis of the research method, use the finite element analysis software COSMOSWorks, get out the static distribution of displacement and stress, and compare the results on the key nodes and values that test on the real product. Get stress and its distribution of bridge - crane structure, the computing results compared with the traditional mechanics results.
5、Through finite element analysis, the results of simplified shell model are basically consistent with the results of the mechanical model. The time of finite element analysis is shorter than the complete model, and use less storage space than the complete model. But the results of the analysis are also consistent. This shows that the simplified shell model is more simple , practical and convenient for finite element analysis.
This paper mainly achieve parametric generation of the simplified shell model of the bridge crane through the shell and stretching method, fully considerate of the actual load-bearing state of the bridge structure on the basis of the establishment of three-dimensional finite element model of the bridge structure. Do the finite element analysis of static by using the finite element analysis software COSMOSWorks. The main conclusion is as follows: (1) From the results of the static analysis of the bridge, it can be drawn that the established simplified shell model meet the requirements of the finite element analysis. (2) know the distributing location of the largest stress and deformation according to the results of the finite element analysis of stress and deformation, which is basically consistent with the actual situation and the trial, as the weak parts of a bridge structure it should be regarded as the focus when assess the load-bearing capacity of the bridge structure. (3) Compared with the traditional mechanical calculation method, the results of the finite element method obtained by a slight deviation. Considering the necessary simplification of the finite element model and the and the approximation of the traditional mechanical calculation, it is believed that the established finite element model is credible, and its results are science and reliable.
引文
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[2]陈宏亮.我国CAD技术现状及发展趋势.中国计算机用户,1998 (34),29-30
[3]孙殿柱,王丰元.当前CAD技术的发展趋势.机械,1998 (6),47-49
[4]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计.北京:高等教育出版社,2001,20-21
[5] Ibrahim Zeid . CAD/ CAM Theory and Practice.Dept of Mechanical engineering,Northeastern University ,1991
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[7]叶修梓,陈超祥.COSMOS基础教程:COSMOSWorks Designer.北京:机械工业出版社,2007,1-2
[8] Carl machover.Four Decades of Computer Graphics.Computer Graphics an Application ,1994
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[22]简诚颖.Cosmos/Works——工程师的设计分析工具,CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2006 (2),92-93
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[2]陈宏亮.我国CAD技术现状及发展趋势.中国计算机用户,1998 (34),29-30
[3]孙殿柱,王丰元.当前CAD技术的发展趋势.机械,1998 (6),47-49
[4]濮良贵,纪名刚.机械设计.北京:高等教育出版社,2001,20-21
[5] Ibrahim Zeid . CAD/ CAM Theory and Practice.Dept of Mechanical engineering,Northeastern University ,1991
[6]过玉卿.起重机运输机械.武汉:华中理工出版社,1992
[7]叶修梓,陈超祥.COSMOS基础教程:COSMOSWorks Designer.北京:机械工业出版社,2007,1-2
[8] Carl machover.Four Decades of Computer Graphics.Computer Graphics an Application ,1994
[9]赖高良等.精通SolidWorks.北京:中国青年出版社,2000,4
[10]李启炎,李光耀等,SolidWorks三维设计教程,北京:机械工业出版社,2003,9-15
[11]陈振勋等.SolidWorks2000中文版与SURFCAM,北京:北京大学出版社,2001
[12]陈岳坪,罗意平,王平安.用Visual C+ +开发SolidWorks的关键技术.机械与电子,2002 (2),18-21
[13]余英,梁刚.Visual C++实践与提高:COM和COM+篇.北京:中国铁道出版社.2001,1
[14]程磊,杨永顺,陈建军.Visual C+ +对SolidWorks的二次开发方法,河南科技大学学报,2004,4
[15]刘润荣,孙苏榕.SolidWorks的二次开发技术,机电产品开发与创新,2004 (2),3-5
[16] SolidWorks2003 API帮助.生信实维公司
[17]涂小文,娄臻亮.基于COM的SolidWorks二次开发.数字化设计.2003
[18]陆园,罗中先,戴跃洪.SolidWorks2001二次开发接口关键技术[J].四川工业学院学报,2003
[19]薛守义.有限单元法.北京,中国建筑工业出版社.2005
[20]王勖成.有限单元法.北京,清华大学出版社.2003,56-60
[21]商跃进.有限元原理与ANSYS应用指南.北京,清华大学出版社.2005,7-10
[22]简诚颖.Cosmos/Works——工程师的设计分析工具,CAD/CAM与制造业信息化,2006 (2),92-93
[23]张永庆.浅析COSMOSWORKS在有限元分析中的应用,机械,2005,S1期,53-55
[24]谢昱北,许晔.SolidWorks2007中文版机械设计与典型范例.北京,电子工业出版社.2007
[25]徐慧平.基于特征的三维实体生成方法.计算机工程图形的探索与实践,1994
[26]熊勇刚,吴吉平,赵异波.机械CAD参数化设计技术.机械科学与技术.1999,第18卷,第6期
[27] VC++6.0开发人员参考手册.Richard C.Leinecker.北京:机械工业出版社,1998,6
[28]李世国.三维模型的参数化设计策略及程序设计技术.机械,2000.12
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