网络远程开放教育教与学模式研究
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摘要
二十一世纪是网络信息时代，以Internet为标志的新的信息技术革命的蓬勃发展，极大地改变着人们的学习、工作、生活和思维方式。
在教育领域，面对急剧变化的世界信息技术教育发展环境，争取在新世纪日趋激烈的国际竞争中占据主动地位，研究“网络环境下教与学的模式”，有着积极的现实意义和深远的历史意义。
笔者通过参加相应的课题组并在查阅大量资料的基础上，对“网络环境下教与学的模式”进行了一定的探索和研究。首先，简要地回顾了国际上和中国的网络教育发展现状；其次，在对网络教育与传统教育的各自特点进行比较的基础上，指出新形势下网络教育的必要性和可行性；然后，具体探讨了信息时代网络教育环境下的一些教与学模式；最后，从网络教育资源的角度出发，进行网络远程教育系统的开发与设计，并具体构建了一个具有交互功能的网络课程教学网站。
In the 21st century which characteristics are Network and information technology, with the quick development of information technology revolution which signed by Internet, the ways of people's learning , working , living and thinking are greatly changing.
In the education area, facing the quickly changed international education condition, the active station was put forward in the course of the ardent international competition. At the same time, the research on the teaching and studying mode of the Network long-distance open education has the positive reality meaning and long-term history meaning.
The author, who joined the research group and has consulted large quantities of data and information, made certain research and exploration on the Web-based teaching and studying mode. Firstly, the status of international and Chinese Web-based education were briefly looked back; Secondly, the necessity and feasibility of Web-based education were pointed out in the new era on the base of comparison of traditional education's and Web-based education's characteristics; Thirdly, some teaching and studying modes on the condition of Web-based education were particularly quested in the information era; Lastly, from the viewpoint of Web-based education's resource, the Web-based education system was designed and the Network curriculum teaching Website which has mutual function was constructed.
在教育领域，面对急剧变化的世界信息技术教育发展环境，争取在新世纪日趋激烈的国际竞争中占据主动地位，研究“网络环境下教与学的模式”，有着积极的现实意义和深远的历史意义。
笔者通过参加相应的课题组并在查阅大量资料的基础上，对“网络环境下教与学的模式”进行了一定的探索和研究。首先，简要地回顾了国际上和中国的网络教育发展现状；其次，在对网络教育与传统教育的各自特点进行比较的基础上，指出新形势下网络教育的必要性和可行性；然后，具体探讨了信息时代网络教育环境下的一些教与学模式；最后，从网络教育资源的角度出发，进行网络远程教育系统的开发与设计，并具体构建了一个具有交互功能的网络课程教学网站。
In the 21st century which characteristics are Network and information technology, with the quick development of information technology revolution which signed by Internet, the ways of people's learning , working , living and thinking are greatly changing.
In the education area, facing the quickly changed international education condition, the active station was put forward in the course of the ardent international competition. At the same time, the research on the teaching and studying mode of the Network long-distance open education has the positive reality meaning and long-term history meaning.
The author, who joined the research group and has consulted large quantities of data and information, made certain research and exploration on the Web-based teaching and studying mode. Firstly, the status of international and Chinese Web-based education were briefly looked back; Secondly, the necessity and feasibility of Web-based education were pointed out in the new era on the base of comparison of traditional education's and Web-based education's characteristics; Thirdly, some teaching and studying modes on the condition of Web-based education were particularly quested in the information era; Lastly, from the viewpoint of Web-based education's resource, the Web-based education system was designed and the Network curriculum teaching Website which has mutual function was constructed.
引文
[1] 王太昌，现代教育技术对教学过程各要素的影响，中国电化教育，(1999)8．
[2] 孙兰，中外网络教育发展现状比较，重庆市委党校：探索，2000年增刊．
[3] NEA.(National Education Association 全国教育协会[美] ) MemberS,A Survey of Traditional And Distance Learning Higher Education,http://www. nea. org/be, (July 2000).
[4] 王兵，网络技术社会化对传统教育模式的影响，江苏高教，(2003)第1期
[5] 单中惠著，《现代教育的探索—杜威与实用主义教育思想》，人民教育出版社，(2001)．
[6] 魏奇，创新思维：传统教育的缺失与素质教育的核心，唐都学刊，No．2，(2003)，General No．76，Vol．19．
[7] Daniel, J.S., Lessons from the Open University Low-Tech Learning Often Works Best, The Chronicle of Higher Education, September 7p. B24(2001).
[8] 程智著，《网络教育基础》，人民邮电出版社，(2002)．
[9] YU Jun、LIU Jun-ling, The Application and Practice of the Multi-medium Technology in Physics Teaching, Journal of Bingtuan Education Institute, Vol. 11, NO. 2 (Jun. 2000).
[10] 张成华，网络教育与传统教育，上海电教，(2001)第1期
[11] 杨素娟、张伯敏，远程教育环境下培养学生英语能力的实验研究，中国电化教育，(2003)7月．
[12] Zeithaml、 Parasuraman A、 Berry L, Delivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations, New York Free Press.
[13] Jerry Willis, The Maturing of Constructionist Instructional Design: Some Basic Principles That Can Guide Practice, Volume 40, NO. 1 (2000).
[14] 徐敬东、张建忠编著，《因特网(Internet)教程》，清华大学出版社，(1999)．
[15] Kozma、 Robert, Reflections on the state of educational technology research and development, Educational Technology Research and Development v. 48 nol (2000) p. 5-15 ISSN: 1042-1629 Number: BEDI0001099.
[16] 叶澜主编，《新编教育学教程》，华东师范大学出版社，(1993)．
[17] 查有梁著，《教育建模》，广西教育出版社，(1998)．
[18] Susanne Hasulo, Defining Information Literacy, Information Highways Magazine, August (2002).
[19] 皮连生著，《学与教的心理学》，华东师范大学出版社，(1997)第二版．
[20] 王以宁主编，《网络教育应用》，高等教育出版社，(2003)．
[21] 张春兴著，《教育心理学》，浙江教育出版社，(1998)．
[22] 陈英和著，《认知发展心理学》，浙江人民出版社，(1996)．
[23] 陆宏、蒋忠英，认知／建构主义学习理论与网上课件的开发，电化教育研究，(2000)第11期
[24] 何克抗，建构主义—革新传统教学的理论基础，电化教育研究，(1997)第3、4期．
[25] David P. Ausubel, Joseph D. Novak, Helen Hanesian, Educatioal Psychology--A Cognitive View, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. (1978).
[26] 何克抗，网络教学结构与模式探讨，http://www. hbylzx. com/ReadNews. asp?NewsID=1520.
[27] 余胜泉、何克抗，基于Internet的教学模式，中国电化教育，(1998)4．
[28] 丁兴富，远程教育形态的分类学研究及其主要研究成果 (上、下)，开放教育研究，(2001) 1、2．
[29] 马传宝，构建基于 Internet 的协作学习的应用模式，中国电化教育，(2002)7月．
[30] 董艳、黄荣怀，浅析基于网络的远程教学模式，中国教育和科研计算机网：http://www. edu. cn/20020905/3066740. shtml.
[31] 黄荣怀，关于协作学习的结构化模型研究，北京师范大学研究生院博士论文，(2000)．
[32] 李秉德主编，《教学论》，北京：人民教育出版社，(1991)．
[33] 程锐、王敏、朱汉洪，网络学习的新模式——WebQuest与ThinkQuest，教育技术研究，(2003)6．
[34] Reigeluth, C.M., Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory Vol. 2.,4. NJ:LEA. (1999).
[35] Jones、 Trevor H.、 Paol, RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND DIMENSIONS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS ON LEARNING OUTCOMES, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Fall99, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p17,11p.
[36] 王国荣著、张宝刚改编，《ASP网页制作教程》，人民邮电出版社，(2000)．
[37] 王国荣著、朱琳杰、王伟改编，《Active Server PageS & Web 数据库》，
人民邮电出版社，(1999)．
[38] 蔡勇、田国弘、张威等编写，《Instant HTML 4》，北京希望电子出版社，(2002)．
[39] 许向荣、潘清、杨一平编著，《Visual FoxPro 6.0项目案例导航》，科学出版社，(2002)．
[40] 三味工作室编，《网站设计超级 COOL-SQL Server 2000》，人民邮电出版社，(2000)．
[41] 知力、吴雄华等编著，《中文Access2000中级教程》，机械工业出版社，(1999)．
[42] 胡晓映编著，《网页制作MX中文版实用教程》，中国铁道出版社，(2003)．
[43] 周恕义、杨晓华、侯洪涛编著，《多媒体CAI及网络化远程教学技术》，中国水利水电出版社，(2001)．
[44] 齐从谦等，《多媒体技术及应用》，北京：机械工业出版社，(2001)．
[45] 王克宏主编，《Java技术及应用》，高等教育技术出版社，(1999)．
[2] 孙兰，中外网络教育发展现状比较，重庆市委党校：探索，2000年增刊．
[3] NEA.(National Education Association 全国教育协会[美] ) MemberS,A Survey of Traditional And Distance Learning Higher Education,http://www. nea. org/be, (July 2000).
[4] 王兵，网络技术社会化对传统教育模式的影响，江苏高教，(2003)第1期
[5] 单中惠著，《现代教育的探索—杜威与实用主义教育思想》，人民教育出版社，(2001)．
[6] 魏奇，创新思维：传统教育的缺失与素质教育的核心，唐都学刊，No．2，(2003)，General No．76，Vol．19．
[7] Daniel, J.S., Lessons from the Open University Low-Tech Learning Often Works Best, The Chronicle of Higher Education, September 7p. B24(2001).
[8] 程智著，《网络教育基础》，人民邮电出版社，(2002)．
[9] YU Jun、LIU Jun-ling, The Application and Practice of the Multi-medium Technology in Physics Teaching, Journal of Bingtuan Education Institute, Vol. 11, NO. 2 (Jun. 2000).
[10] 张成华，网络教育与传统教育，上海电教，(2001)第1期
[11] 杨素娟、张伯敏，远程教育环境下培养学生英语能力的实验研究，中国电化教育，(2003)7月．
[12] Zeithaml、 Parasuraman A、 Berry L, Delivering Quality Service: Balancing Customer Perceptions and Expectations, New York Free Press.
[13] Jerry Willis, The Maturing of Constructionist Instructional Design: Some Basic Principles That Can Guide Practice, Volume 40, NO. 1 (2000).
[14] 徐敬东、张建忠编著，《因特网(Internet)教程》，清华大学出版社，(1999)．
[15] Kozma、 Robert, Reflections on the state of educational technology research and development, Educational Technology Research and Development v. 48 nol (2000) p. 5-15 ISSN: 1042-1629 Number: BEDI0001099.
[16] 叶澜主编，《新编教育学教程》，华东师范大学出版社，(1993)．
[17] 查有梁著，《教育建模》，广西教育出版社，(1998)．
[18] Susanne Hasulo, Defining Information Literacy, Information Highways Magazine, August (2002).
[19] 皮连生著，《学与教的心理学》，华东师范大学出版社，(1997)第二版．
[20] 王以宁主编，《网络教育应用》，高等教育出版社，(2003)．
[21] 张春兴著，《教育心理学》，浙江教育出版社，(1998)．
[22] 陈英和著，《认知发展心理学》，浙江人民出版社，(1996)．
[23] 陆宏、蒋忠英，认知／建构主义学习理论与网上课件的开发，电化教育研究，(2000)第11期
[24] 何克抗，建构主义—革新传统教学的理论基础，电化教育研究，(1997)第3、4期．
[25] David P. Ausubel, Joseph D. Novak, Helen Hanesian, Educatioal Psychology--A Cognitive View, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. (1978).
[26] 何克抗，网络教学结构与模式探讨，http://www. hbylzx. com/ReadNews. asp?NewsID=1520.
[27] 余胜泉、何克抗，基于Internet的教学模式，中国电化教育，(1998)4．
[28] 丁兴富，远程教育形态的分类学研究及其主要研究成果 (上、下)，开放教育研究，(2001) 1、2．
[29] 马传宝，构建基于 Internet 的协作学习的应用模式，中国电化教育，(2002)7月．
[30] 董艳、黄荣怀，浅析基于网络的远程教学模式，中国教育和科研计算机网：http://www. edu. cn/20020905/3066740. shtml.
[31] 黄荣怀，关于协作学习的结构化模型研究，北京师范大学研究生院博士论文，(2000)．
[32] 李秉德主编，《教学论》，北京：人民教育出版社，(1991)．
[33] 程锐、王敏、朱汉洪，网络学习的新模式——WebQuest与ThinkQuest，教育技术研究，(2003)6．
[34] Reigeluth, C.M., Instructional-design theories and models: A new paradigm of instructional theory Vol. 2.,4. NJ:LEA. (1999).
[35] Jones、 Trevor H.、 Paol, RESEARCH FRAMEWORK AND DIMENSIONS FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS ON LEARNING OUTCOMES, Journal of Research on Computing in Education, Fall99, Vol. 32 Issue 1, p17,11p.
[36] 王国荣著、张宝刚改编，《ASP网页制作教程》，人民邮电出版社，(2000)．
[37] 王国荣著、朱琳杰、王伟改编，《Active Server PageS & Web 数据库》，
人民邮电出版社，(1999)．
[38] 蔡勇、田国弘、张威等编写，《Instant HTML 4》，北京希望电子出版社，(2002)．
[39] 许向荣、潘清、杨一平编著，《Visual FoxPro 6.0项目案例导航》，科学出版社，(2002)．
[40] 三味工作室编，《网站设计超级 COOL-SQL Server 2000》，人民邮电出版社，(2000)．
[41] 知力、吴雄华等编著，《中文Access2000中级教程》，机械工业出版社，(1999)．
[42] 胡晓映编著，《网页制作MX中文版实用教程》，中国铁道出版社，(2003)．
[43] 周恕义、杨晓华、侯洪涛编著，《多媒体CAI及网络化远程教学技术》，中国水利水电出版社，(2001)．
[44] 齐从谦等，《多媒体技术及应用》，北京：机械工业出版社，(2001)．
[45] 王克宏主编，《Java技术及应用》，高等教育技术出版社，(1999)．