我国高校高水平网球运动队的现状调查与发展对策研究
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摘要
本文以参加“天龙体育杯”2006年第11届中国大学生网球锦标赛的部分教练员和运动员为研究对象,采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、访谈法和数理统计法对我国高校高水平网球运动队的发展现状、影响因素及发展对策进行了调查、研究,得出了以下结论:
(1)我国的高校高水平网球运动队目前还处于起步阶段,水平较低,但在社会网球热的大环境及学校领导的普遍重视下,高校高水平网球运动队的发展较好,运动员的运动水平越来越高。
(2)我国的高校高水平运动队大多是教练员任命制,而且大部分没有进行专业知识的再培训。高校应加强网球教练员队伍建设,实行教练员竞聘制,设立专职教练员岗位,提高科学化训练水平;重视网球教练员的岗位培训,在管理教练员方面应引入一定的激励机制,调动教练员的积极性,使教练员主动地提高业务水平。
(3)高校高水平网球运动队的生源质量不理想,多为发展潜力不大的专业队退役队员或业余体校学生。今后应以大学为龙头,加快推动中小学网球运动的发展,为大学培养更多优秀的中小学生网球运动员。大学在招收高水平网球运动员时,不宜采用过多降分的做法,而应保证招收的高水平网球运动员有一定的学习基础。
(4)我们要正确处理好高校网球运动队运动员的训练和学习之间的关系。最科学的方法是通过调动网球运动员的积极性、引入激励机制,通过学分制、提供教育经费资助、限制比赛资格三个方面来调控学习与训练,使二者得到平衡。
(5)高校高水平网球运动队经费匮乏,竞赛数量少、质量低。运动队要想发展必须把解决经费困难放到一个重要的位置。应该积极开辟一条以大学各种网球竞赛为主体,通过比赛的门票收入、赞助、广告等多方面增加所需的经费的途径。并且通过竞赛来推动高校高水平网球运动队的发展。
This thesis is aimed at part of coaches and athletes who take part in the“Teloon physical education Cup”11th undergraduate tennis tournament in China in 2006, and investigated and researched the development tendency, affecting factor and development countermeasure of high-level tennis in college and universities in China through documents and materials, questionnaire method, interviews and mathematical and analytical method, then obtained some conclusions are as follow:
⑴It is locate in elementary phase and the develop level is quite low that the situation of high-level tennis teams in college and universities in our country. But the development of high-level tennis teams in college and universities is quite well, the level of athletes in more and more high through the enthusiasm to learn tennis is very hot in whole society and academic leader are attach importance to the tennis development generally.
⑵The mechanism of appoint coacher mostly appointed by academic leader in high-level tennis teams in college and universities in our country, and the coacher who appointed mostly never retrained for major knowledge. One hand, the college and universities should strengthen to construct the contingent of tennis coach, put compete and engage mechanism into practice, set up full time coacher post, and improve the level of scientific training. The other hand, the college and universities should attach importance to the post training for coaches, import some invigorative mechanism for manage coaches, in order to translate the coaches’enthusiasm and promote the coaches’operation level forwardly.
⑶The quality of students resource is not very ideal in high-level tennis team. Most of the students are the team number who retired from professional tennis team and lack of develop potential or from amateurish school of physical education. From now on, we should develop tennis around the college and universities to expedite the tennis development of elementary and high school, which could bring up more and more excellent student athlete. When the college take in the high-level tennis athletes, it is inadvisable that drop the score excessively. By contraries, they should ensure the high-level tennis athletes who taken in have enough learning basic.
⑷We should deal with the relation between the tennis athlete’s training and learning correctly. The most scientific method is that balance the relation between training and learning through translate the athlete’s enthusiasm, import invigorative mechanism, and credit hour mechanism, afford educational outlay and limit compete qualification.
⑸The high-level tennis team is lack of outlay, the competition’s amount is few, and its quality is low. We should settle the problem which lack of outlay firstly, if the team must develop. We should give priority to the competition, and increase the outlay through the competition’s ticket means, sponsor and advisement, etc. And through the competition, we could promote the development of high-level tennis team in college and universities.
(1)我国的高校高水平网球运动队目前还处于起步阶段,水平较低,但在社会网球热的大环境及学校领导的普遍重视下,高校高水平网球运动队的发展较好,运动员的运动水平越来越高。
(2)我国的高校高水平运动队大多是教练员任命制,而且大部分没有进行专业知识的再培训。高校应加强网球教练员队伍建设,实行教练员竞聘制,设立专职教练员岗位,提高科学化训练水平;重视网球教练员的岗位培训,在管理教练员方面应引入一定的激励机制,调动教练员的积极性,使教练员主动地提高业务水平。
(3)高校高水平网球运动队的生源质量不理想,多为发展潜力不大的专业队退役队员或业余体校学生。今后应以大学为龙头,加快推动中小学网球运动的发展,为大学培养更多优秀的中小学生网球运动员。大学在招收高水平网球运动员时,不宜采用过多降分的做法,而应保证招收的高水平网球运动员有一定的学习基础。
(4)我们要正确处理好高校网球运动队运动员的训练和学习之间的关系。最科学的方法是通过调动网球运动员的积极性、引入激励机制,通过学分制、提供教育经费资助、限制比赛资格三个方面来调控学习与训练,使二者得到平衡。
(5)高校高水平网球运动队经费匮乏,竞赛数量少、质量低。运动队要想发展必须把解决经费困难放到一个重要的位置。应该积极开辟一条以大学各种网球竞赛为主体,通过比赛的门票收入、赞助、广告等多方面增加所需的经费的途径。并且通过竞赛来推动高校高水平网球运动队的发展。
This thesis is aimed at part of coaches and athletes who take part in the“Teloon physical education Cup”11th undergraduate tennis tournament in China in 2006, and investigated and researched the development tendency, affecting factor and development countermeasure of high-level tennis in college and universities in China through documents and materials, questionnaire method, interviews and mathematical and analytical method, then obtained some conclusions are as follow:
⑴It is locate in elementary phase and the develop level is quite low that the situation of high-level tennis teams in college and universities in our country. But the development of high-level tennis teams in college and universities is quite well, the level of athletes in more and more high through the enthusiasm to learn tennis is very hot in whole society and academic leader are attach importance to the tennis development generally.
⑵The mechanism of appoint coacher mostly appointed by academic leader in high-level tennis teams in college and universities in our country, and the coacher who appointed mostly never retrained for major knowledge. One hand, the college and universities should strengthen to construct the contingent of tennis coach, put compete and engage mechanism into practice, set up full time coacher post, and improve the level of scientific training. The other hand, the college and universities should attach importance to the post training for coaches, import some invigorative mechanism for manage coaches, in order to translate the coaches’enthusiasm and promote the coaches’operation level forwardly.
⑶The quality of students resource is not very ideal in high-level tennis team. Most of the students are the team number who retired from professional tennis team and lack of develop potential or from amateurish school of physical education. From now on, we should develop tennis around the college and universities to expedite the tennis development of elementary and high school, which could bring up more and more excellent student athlete. When the college take in the high-level tennis athletes, it is inadvisable that drop the score excessively. By contraries, they should ensure the high-level tennis athletes who taken in have enough learning basic.
⑷We should deal with the relation between the tennis athlete’s training and learning correctly. The most scientific method is that balance the relation between training and learning through translate the athlete’s enthusiasm, import invigorative mechanism, and credit hour mechanism, afford educational outlay and limit compete qualification.
⑸The high-level tennis team is lack of outlay, the competition’s amount is few, and its quality is low. We should settle the problem which lack of outlay firstly, if the team must develop. We should give priority to the competition, and increase the outlay through the competition’s ticket means, sponsor and advisement, etc. And through the competition, we could promote the development of high-level tennis team in college and universities.
引文
1 李杰凯、周成林等 全国网球教练员现状调查分析与对策[J] 沈阳体育学院学报 1996(4) 18～24
[1] 周雷、田忠.关于高校高水平运动队教练员队伍建设问题的探讨[J]. 浙江体育科学,1995,(6):50～53.
[2] 仇军、陈伟强.普通高校高水平运动队教练员来源与构成模式研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报,2002,(4):36～39.
[3] 邱玲、龙波.普通高校高水平运动队教练员现状分析及对策研究[J]. 湖北体育科技,2005,(4):449～500.
[4] 朱丽琦.高校培养高水平运动员办学体制的探究[J]. 太原师范学院学报.2003,(2),87～90.
[5] 赵长征.对高校高水平运动员招生现状的探讨[J]. 辽宁体育科技,2005,(3):96.
[6] 平杰、顾红等.普通高校“体教结合”提高大学生运动员质量的对策研究[J]. 上海体育学院学报,2001,(3):27～30.
[7] 陈军、邹荣霞.普通高校高水平运动员的现状和管理对策[J].南京体育学院学报,2005,(2): 80～82.
[8] 李加奎.中美高校竞技体育管理模式探析(一)──管理机构和运动员管理部分[J]. 南京体育学院学报,2004,(1):44～47.
[9] 王成、姚雪芹等.我国高校办高水平排球队的现状分析与发展对策[J].北京体育大学学报,2002,(2):235～238.
[10] 华凤岩、范鹏等.对普通高等学校竞技体育工作现状的调查[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,(1):88～90.
[11] 郭科明. 高校竞技体育改革之一──对高校运动训练现状分析与发展思考[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,(7):963～964、970.
[12] 刘高福、徐玖平等.关于我国高校办高水平运动队的思考[J].吉林体育学院学报,2004,(1):4～6.
[13] 卞康荣.普通高校高水平运动队的现状分析与发展对策研究[J]. 江苏大学学报,2002,(3):92～94.
[14] 钟日升.我国教练员与运动员关系现状的分析及教练员角色定位与对策[J]. 武汉体育学院学报,2004,(6):170～172.
[15] 何业辉、王美.我国普通高校高水平运动队建设现状综述[J]. 山西师大体育学院学报,2004,(3):63～66.
[16] 陶志翔、胡亚斌等.中国竞技网球运动现状及其发展对策的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,(6):830～833.
[17] 李杰凯、周成林等.全国网球教练员现状调查分析与对策[J]. 沈阳体育学院学报,1996,(4):18～24.
[18]黎劲红、谢红光等.中国、澳大利亚网球高级教练员执教特征对比研究[J]. 中国体育科技,2000,36(2):38～39.
[19]杨振波.对少年网球教练员业务素质的构思[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2003,21(3):81～83.
[20]宫晓丽、梁斌等.我国普通高校大学生网球运动开展现状研究[J].山东体育学院学报, 2004,20(5):89～91.
[21]刘上行、冯菲.高校网球运动员赛前心理的调整与控制[J].成都体育学院学报,2002,28(4):95～96.
[22]刘世军.大学生网球运动员心理技能研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(6):764～765.
[23]王永.刍议网球发展的学校之路[J].解放军体育学院学报,2002,21(4):115～117.
[24]郑巍、孙伟伟等.国内最有影响的五大网球赛事[J].网球天地,2002,(1):29～30.
[25]徐学廉.感受墨尔本社区网球热[J].网球天地,2002,(1):78.
[26]王晓婷.浅析网球运动的终身健身功能[J].辽宁体育科技,2003,25(5):89.
[27]许益芳.论大学生网球运动与身心健康[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(4):398～401.
[28]张禾、姜迪.中美两国高校高水平运动队管理的比较研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2002,(1),73～75.
[29]王波.中美高校高水平运动队管理因素比较研究[J].体育科学,2000,(4):15～20.
[30]曾小松.我国高校高水平运动队管理体系研究[J].湖北体育科技工作者,2001,20(2):4～5,7.
[31]季敦山、徐杏玲.高校网球运动的发展现状与对策[J].体育成人教育学刊,2005,21(3):34～35.
[32]刘青主编.中国网球女子双打研究[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2005.1.
[33](美)沃德洛著;陶志翔译.网球压力训练[M].北京:人民体育出版社,2005.
[34]Bill Foran 著;袁守龙、刘爱杰译.高水平竞技体能训练[M].北京:北京体育大学出版社,2006.10.
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[1] 周雷、田忠.关于高校高水平运动队教练员队伍建设问题的探讨[J]. 浙江体育科学,1995,(6):50～53.
[2] 仇军、陈伟强.普通高校高水平运动队教练员来源与构成模式研究[J]. 成都体育学院学报,2002,(4):36～39.
[3] 邱玲、龙波.普通高校高水平运动队教练员现状分析及对策研究[J]. 湖北体育科技,2005,(4):449～500.
[4] 朱丽琦.高校培养高水平运动员办学体制的探究[J]. 太原师范学院学报.2003,(2),87～90.
[5] 赵长征.对高校高水平运动员招生现状的探讨[J]. 辽宁体育科技,2005,(3):96.
[6] 平杰、顾红等.普通高校“体教结合”提高大学生运动员质量的对策研究[J]. 上海体育学院学报,2001,(3):27～30.
[7] 陈军、邹荣霞.普通高校高水平运动员的现状和管理对策[J].南京体育学院学报,2005,(2): 80～82.
[8] 李加奎.中美高校竞技体育管理模式探析(一)──管理机构和运动员管理部分[J]. 南京体育学院学报,2004,(1):44～47.
[9] 王成、姚雪芹等.我国高校办高水平排球队的现状分析与发展对策[J].北京体育大学学报,2002,(2):235～238.
[10] 华凤岩、范鹏等.对普通高等学校竞技体育工作现状的调查[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,(1):88～90.
[11] 郭科明. 高校竞技体育改革之一──对高校运动训练现状分析与发展思考[J].北京体育大学学报,2004,(7):963～964、970.
[12] 刘高福、徐玖平等.关于我国高校办高水平运动队的思考[J].吉林体育学院学报,2004,(1):4～6.
[13] 卞康荣.普通高校高水平运动队的现状分析与发展对策研究[J]. 江苏大学学报,2002,(3):92～94.
[14] 钟日升.我国教练员与运动员关系现状的分析及教练员角色定位与对策[J]. 武汉体育学院学报,2004,(6):170～172.
[15] 何业辉、王美.我国普通高校高水平运动队建设现状综述[J]. 山西师大体育学院学报,2004,(3):63～66.
[16] 陶志翔、胡亚斌等.中国竞技网球运动现状及其发展对策的研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,(6):830～833.
[17] 李杰凯、周成林等.全国网球教练员现状调查分析与对策[J]. 沈阳体育学院学报,1996,(4):18～24.
[18]黎劲红、谢红光等.中国、澳大利亚网球高级教练员执教特征对比研究[J]. 中国体育科技,2000,36(2):38～39.
[19]杨振波.对少年网球教练员业务素质的构思[J].哈尔滨体育学院学报,2003,21(3):81～83.
[20]宫晓丽、梁斌等.我国普通高校大学生网球运动开展现状研究[J].山东体育学院学报, 2004,20(5):89～91.
[21]刘上行、冯菲.高校网球运动员赛前心理的调整与控制[J].成都体育学院学报,2002,28(4):95～96.
[22]刘世军.大学生网球运动员心理技能研究[J].北京体育大学学报,2005,28(6):764～765.
[23]王永.刍议网球发展的学校之路[J].解放军体育学院学报,2002,21(4):115～117.
[24]郑巍、孙伟伟等.国内最有影响的五大网球赛事[J].网球天地,2002,(1):29～30.
[25]徐学廉.感受墨尔本社区网球热[J].网球天地,2002,(1):78.
[26]王晓婷.浅析网球运动的终身健身功能[J].辽宁体育科技,2003,25(5):89.
[27]许益芳.论大学生网球运动与身心健康[J].浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2003,26(4):398～401.
[28]张禾、姜迪.中美两国高校高水平运动队管理的比较研究[J].沈阳体育学院学报,2002,(1),73～75.
[29]王波.中美高校高水平运动队管理因素比较研究[J].体育科学,2000,(4):15～20.
[30]曾小松.我国高校高水平运动队管理体系研究[J].湖北体育科技工作者,2001,20(2):4～5,7.
[31]季敦山、徐杏玲.高校网球运动的发展现状与对策[J].体育成人教育学刊,2005,21(3):34～35.
[32]刘青主编.中国网球女子双打研究[M].成都:电子科技大学出版社,2005.1.
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