基于工商系统的视频会议系统的研究与设计
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摘要
随着网络技术和多媒体通信技术的飞速发展，国内正在加强进行信息化基础设施建设，传统的数据业务交流已经不能满足网络通信的需要，多媒体通信已经成为当前网络开发的研究热点。目前传统的面向连接的会议系统存在设备复杂、连接复杂、带宽开销大的缺陷，系统的可扩展性也已经成为一个严重的问题。近年来出现的桌面视频会议技术是利用视频技术和数据通信技术通过计算机网络实现的两地或多地开会的一种高效率、低成本的多媒体通信手段，它具有价格低、配置灵活、控制方便、易于扩展等诸多优点，因而备受个人和企业用户的欢迎，目前很多厂家都在进行研究和设计，以满足不断增长的市场需求。目前湖南省工商系统正在加速进行计算机网络信息化建设，基于此，我们提出了适用于湖南省工商系统的桌面视频会议系统的研究课题。
在论文中，笔者认真分析和研究了视频会议的有关标准、实现组播的视频会议系统的Socket技术、IP组播技术、音视频编码技术等关键技术。在基于对Socket的桌面视频会议系统的分析基础上，结合湖南省工商系统信息网络建设的特点，提出了一种可以连接广域网和局域网的桌而视频会议系统模型。通过对原型系统的分析和研究，设计了一种多socket套接字、多缓冲区的视频、音频数据的实时采集传输技术方案。通过关键帧技术实现了对视频、音频数据的快速实时采集、高速传输和回放系统；并且对提高视频传输的实时性、稳定性、连续性提出了改进算法，已经获得了很好的效果。
笔者设计并实现了这种基于工商系统的桌面视频会议系统方案，并对原型系统进行了验证。该方案不仅能够解决湖南省工商系统的多媒体数据通信的需要，而且具有良好的升级和扩展能力，为将来不断增加的网络需求做准备；这种原型系统能够进行实时的视音频组播功能，可以同时显示多个视音频流，具有较低的系统资源消耗；具有很好的视频会议数据采集传输和回放效果。
With rapid development of network and multimedia communication technology, information construction of basic establishment has been being strengthened in the country. Traditional data operation interaction can't meet the requirement of network communication, so multimedia communication has become current hotspot of network programming. Current traditional connection-oriented conferencing has limitations of complex devices, hard connection, high spending bandwidth, so the system extension is a serious problem. Recent Desktop videoconference is a high efficient, low cost multimedia communication method of accomplishing two places or more meeting , which takes use of video technology and data communication technology and has advantages of low price, flexible configuration, convenient control and easy extension, so it is favored by many persons and enterprises. Currently many manufacturers are devoted to researching and developing such a system for the continually increasing market requirements. Hun Nan Industri
al and Commercial System is speeding up to build computer network information construction, aiming to this point, we apply out desktop videoconference system researching project suit for Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial System.
In paper, author earnestly analyses and researches corresponding standards of videoconference and the key technology of implementing multicast videoconference, including socket technology, ip multicast technology, audio & video coding technology and so on. On the base of analyzing desktop videoconference using socket technology, according to the current status of Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial Network System, author applies out a desktop videoconference system model connecting WAN and LAN; Through the analysis and research of proto type system, author designs a multi sockets, multi buffers scheme to realize real-time audio & video data collection, transmission; Uses key frame technology to accomplish a fast collection, high speed transmission and render of video, audio data system. And also gives arithmetic
improvements of real-time, stability, continuity video transmission, and the system has already got better performance.
Author designs and implements the scheme of desktop videoconference system based on Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial Network, and also tests the feasibility of designed proto type. The system can resolve current need of Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial Network multimedia transmission and has better capability of upgrade and extension for the future continual increasing network requirements; The finished proto type system has characteristics as real-time audio multicasting and video multicasting and it can display multi-video and audio streams at the same time and requires low system resource requirements and has good performance of videoconference data collection, transmission and render.
在论文中，笔者认真分析和研究了视频会议的有关标准、实现组播的视频会议系统的Socket技术、IP组播技术、音视频编码技术等关键技术。在基于对Socket的桌面视频会议系统的分析基础上，结合湖南省工商系统信息网络建设的特点，提出了一种可以连接广域网和局域网的桌而视频会议系统模型。通过对原型系统的分析和研究，设计了一种多socket套接字、多缓冲区的视频、音频数据的实时采集传输技术方案。通过关键帧技术实现了对视频、音频数据的快速实时采集、高速传输和回放系统；并且对提高视频传输的实时性、稳定性、连续性提出了改进算法，已经获得了很好的效果。
笔者设计并实现了这种基于工商系统的桌面视频会议系统方案，并对原型系统进行了验证。该方案不仅能够解决湖南省工商系统的多媒体数据通信的需要，而且具有良好的升级和扩展能力，为将来不断增加的网络需求做准备；这种原型系统能够进行实时的视音频组播功能，可以同时显示多个视音频流，具有较低的系统资源消耗；具有很好的视频会议数据采集传输和回放效果。
With rapid development of network and multimedia communication technology, information construction of basic establishment has been being strengthened in the country. Traditional data operation interaction can't meet the requirement of network communication, so multimedia communication has become current hotspot of network programming. Current traditional connection-oriented conferencing has limitations of complex devices, hard connection, high spending bandwidth, so the system extension is a serious problem. Recent Desktop videoconference is a high efficient, low cost multimedia communication method of accomplishing two places or more meeting , which takes use of video technology and data communication technology and has advantages of low price, flexible configuration, convenient control and easy extension, so it is favored by many persons and enterprises. Currently many manufacturers are devoted to researching and developing such a system for the continually increasing market requirements. Hun Nan Industri
al and Commercial System is speeding up to build computer network information construction, aiming to this point, we apply out desktop videoconference system researching project suit for Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial System.
In paper, author earnestly analyses and researches corresponding standards of videoconference and the key technology of implementing multicast videoconference, including socket technology, ip multicast technology, audio & video coding technology and so on. On the base of analyzing desktop videoconference using socket technology, according to the current status of Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial Network System, author applies out a desktop videoconference system model connecting WAN and LAN; Through the analysis and research of proto type system, author designs a multi sockets, multi buffers scheme to realize real-time audio & video data collection, transmission; Uses key frame technology to accomplish a fast collection, high speed transmission and render of video, audio data system. And also gives arithmetic
improvements of real-time, stability, continuity video transmission, and the system has already got better performance.
Author designs and implements the scheme of desktop videoconference system based on Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial Network, and also tests the feasibility of designed proto type. The system can resolve current need of Hun Nan Industrial and Commercial Network multimedia transmission and has better capability of upgrade and extension for the future continual increasing network requirements; The finished proto type system has characteristics as real-time audio multicasting and video multicasting and it can display multi-video and audio streams at the same time and requires low system resource requirements and has good performance of videoconference data collection, transmission and render.
引文
[1] 张江山，鲁平，视频会议系统及其应用．北京：北京邮电大学出版社，2002，P42-100
[2] 张明德，王永东，视频会议系统原理与应用．北京：北京希望电子出版社，1999，P32-90
[3] 杨俊超，傅秀芬，cscw的分布式多媒体应用技术研究．广东工业大学学报，2002，2
[4] 黎洪松，数字视频技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997，P32-98
[5] 沈兰荪，视频编码与低速率传输．北京：电子工业出版社，2001，P15-350
[6] McCann S, Scalable multimedia communication using IP multicast and lightweight sessions, IEEE Internet Computing, 1999
[7] Deering S, Host extensions for IP multicasting. RFC 1113, 1998
[8] 欧建平，娄生强，网络与多媒体通信技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002，P74-141
[9] 杨士强，王辉，多媒体图像处理技术与视频编辑．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1997，P102
[10] Writing IP Multicast enabled Applications, IP Multicast Initiative (IPMI) White Paper. http://www.ipmulticast.com/community//whitepapers/ipmcapps.html, 1999
[11] 计算机世界报，第34期，D19
[12] ITU-Recommendation H,323, Packet based multimedia communication systems, 1999,P40
[13] John A. Campbell, Participation in videoconference meetings: user disposition and meeting context. Information & Management, 1998, 34
[14] 余松煜，张文军，孙军，现代图像信息压缩技术[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998，P117-132
[15] 白玉琨，郭智，光纤视频传输技术．北京：北京广播学院出版社，1997，P353
[16] Methodology for the Subjective Assessment of the Quality of Television Pictures. ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-10, ITU, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000
[17] Michael R. Frater, John F. Arnold, and Abedin Vahedian, Impact of Audio on Subjective Assessment of Video Quality in Videoconference Applications. IEEETrans on circuits and systems for video technology, 2001, 11 (9)
[18] R.Canetti, P.Rohatgi, and P.Cheng, Multicast data security transformations: Requirements, considerations, and prominent choices, Internet draft, Internet Engineering Task Force, 2000
[19] 徐凌云，李伟，李晓明，多媒体通信控制协议．通信技术，1998，1
[20] 精英科技，视频压缩与音频编码技术．北京：中国电力出版社，2001，P553
[21] 胡国荣，数字视频压缩及其标准．北京：北京广播学院出版社，1999，P188-210
[22] ITU-TRecommendationH.323-1998.Packet based multimedia communications systems[S]
[23] Schulzrinne H, elal, RTP: A transport protocol for real time applications, RFC1889, 1996
[24]ITU-TRecommendationH.263-1998. Video coding for low bit rate communication[S]
[25]A．Murat Tekalp，崔之祜等译，数字视频处理．北京：电子工业出版社 1998，P12-67
[26]施可为，蔡安妮，孙景鳌，H．323视频会议终端的软件实现．北京邮电大学学报，2000，23(3)
[27]余波，徐松涛，张中兆，H．323基于局域网的多媒体通信标准．通信技术，2000，2
[28]施福中，H．263视频压缩编码标准的研究及在C6201DSP上的实现．国防科技大学工学硕士论文，2000．2
[29]Zhou Qunbiao, Chen Jiemei, Gou Da, Real Time Video Encode Technology Based on MPEG-4. Journal of Sichuan University (S), 2000, 37(2)
[30]郑力明，张会汀，刘伟平，薛沛林，分布式IP视频会议系统中声像同步技术的研究与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002，11
[31]朱世民，张峻，视频会议软件解决方案．电信技术，2002，6
[32]吴勇，吴月珠，程剑峰，视频信息在网络上的实时传输和处理．小型微型计算机系统，1999，20(8)
[33]丁煜，许林英，IP多点广播以及应用．计算机工程，2000，26(7)
[34]SikoraT, The MPEG-4 video standard verification model[J]. IEEETrans On Circuits and systems for Video Technology, 1997, 7(1), P19-31
[35]Anthony Jones，JimOhlund，Windows网络编程技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999，P89-290
[36]钮焱，张颖江，基于WinSock的IP组播网络研究及应用．湖北工学院学报，2000，15(2)
[37]李强，吴泉源，沈清，王朴，基于Client／Server模式的多点桌面会议系统的设计．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(1)
[38]陈坚，陈伟，Visual C++网络高级编程．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001，P274-305
[39]胡剑凌，徐盛，陈健，MPEG-4多媒体通信编码．计算机工程，2000，26(7)
[40]涂卫平，胡瑞敏，艾浩军，谢兄，视频会议中音频多点处理器的研究．武汉大学学报(信息科学版)，2002．1
[41]Brahmin, MPEG-4 video verification model: a video encoding/decoding algorithm based on content representation[J]. Signal Processing:ImageCommunication, 1997, 9(4), P367-384
[42]皮富涛，卢益民，基于IP网的视频会议系统．电子工程师，2000，2
[43]朱利，周俊辉，郑守淇，Windows下组播通信的研究与实现．小型微型计算机系统，2000，21(2)
[44]张建峥，视频会议系统标准以及工程设计．邮电通信技术：图像通信，2000，8
[2] 张明德，王永东，视频会议系统原理与应用．北京：北京希望电子出版社，1999，P32-90
[3] 杨俊超，傅秀芬，cscw的分布式多媒体应用技术研究．广东工业大学学报，2002，2
[4] 黎洪松，数字视频技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1997，P32-98
[5] 沈兰荪，视频编码与低速率传输．北京：电子工业出版社，2001，P15-350
[6] McCann S, Scalable multimedia communication using IP multicast and lightweight sessions, IEEE Internet Computing, 1999
[7] Deering S, Host extensions for IP multicasting. RFC 1113, 1998
[8] 欧建平，娄生强，网络与多媒体通信技术．北京：人民邮电出版社，2002，P74-141
[9] 杨士强，王辉，多媒体图像处理技术与视频编辑．大连：大连理工大学出版社，1997，P102
[10] Writing IP Multicast enabled Applications, IP Multicast Initiative (IPMI) White Paper. http://www.ipmulticast.com/community//whitepapers/ipmcapps.html, 1999
[11] 计算机世界报，第34期，D19
[12] ITU-Recommendation H,323, Packet based multimedia communication systems, 1999,P40
[13] John A. Campbell, Participation in videoconference meetings: user disposition and meeting context. Information & Management, 1998, 34
[14] 余松煜，张文军，孙军，现代图像信息压缩技术[M]．北京：科学出版社，1998，P117-132
[15] 白玉琨，郭智，光纤视频传输技术．北京：北京广播学院出版社，1997，P353
[16] Methodology for the Subjective Assessment of the Quality of Television Pictures. ITU-R Recommendation BT.500-10, ITU, Geneva, Switzerland, 2000
[17] Michael R. Frater, John F. Arnold, and Abedin Vahedian, Impact of Audio on Subjective Assessment of Video Quality in Videoconference Applications. IEEETrans on circuits and systems for video technology, 2001, 11 (9)
[18] R.Canetti, P.Rohatgi, and P.Cheng, Multicast data security transformations: Requirements, considerations, and prominent choices, Internet draft, Internet Engineering Task Force, 2000
[19] 徐凌云，李伟，李晓明，多媒体通信控制协议．通信技术，1998，1
[20] 精英科技，视频压缩与音频编码技术．北京：中国电力出版社，2001，P553
[21] 胡国荣，数字视频压缩及其标准．北京：北京广播学院出版社，1999，P188-210
[22] ITU-TRecommendationH.323-1998.Packet based multimedia communications systems[S]
[23] Schulzrinne H, elal, RTP: A transport protocol for real time applications, RFC1889, 1996
[24]ITU-TRecommendationH.263-1998. Video coding for low bit rate communication[S]
[25]A．Murat Tekalp，崔之祜等译，数字视频处理．北京：电子工业出版社 1998，P12-67
[26]施可为，蔡安妮，孙景鳌，H．323视频会议终端的软件实现．北京邮电大学学报，2000，23(3)
[27]余波，徐松涛，张中兆，H．323基于局域网的多媒体通信标准．通信技术，2000，2
[28]施福中，H．263视频压缩编码标准的研究及在C6201DSP上的实现．国防科技大学工学硕士论文，2000．2
[29]Zhou Qunbiao, Chen Jiemei, Gou Da, Real Time Video Encode Technology Based on MPEG-4. Journal of Sichuan University (S), 2000, 37(2)
[30]郑力明，张会汀，刘伟平，薛沛林，分布式IP视频会议系统中声像同步技术的研究与实现．计算机工程与应用，2002，11
[31]朱世民，张峻，视频会议软件解决方案．电信技术，2002，6
[32]吴勇，吴月珠，程剑峰，视频信息在网络上的实时传输和处理．小型微型计算机系统，1999，20(8)
[33]丁煜，许林英，IP多点广播以及应用．计算机工程，2000，26(7)
[34]SikoraT, The MPEG-4 video standard verification model[J]. IEEETrans On Circuits and systems for Video Technology, 1997, 7(1), P19-31
[35]Anthony Jones，JimOhlund，Windows网络编程技术[M]．北京：机械工业出版社，1999，P89-290
[36]钮焱，张颖江，基于WinSock的IP组播网络研究及应用．湖北工学院学报，2000，15(2)
[37]李强，吴泉源，沈清，王朴，基于Client／Server模式的多点桌面会议系统的设计．计算机研究与发展，1998，35(1)
[38]陈坚，陈伟，Visual C++网络高级编程．北京：人民邮电出版社，2001，P274-305
[39]胡剑凌，徐盛，陈健，MPEG-4多媒体通信编码．计算机工程，2000，26(7)
[40]涂卫平，胡瑞敏，艾浩军，谢兄，视频会议中音频多点处理器的研究．武汉大学学报(信息科学版)，2002．1
[41]Brahmin, MPEG-4 video verification model: a video encoding/decoding algorithm based on content representation[J]. Signal Processing:ImageCommunication, 1997, 9(4), P367-384
[42]皮富涛，卢益民，基于IP网的视频会议系统．电子工程师，2000，2
[43]朱利，周俊辉，郑守淇，Windows下组播通信的研究与实现．小型微型计算机系统，2000，21(2)
[44]张建峥，视频会议系统标准以及工程设计．邮电通信技术：图像通信，2000，8