供应商—零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的影响因素研究
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摘要
消费者需求的多样化和竞争形式的变化,使得零售商必须寻求与供应链中企业合作才能获得自身的发展。供应商和零售商合作可以有效降低双方的各种成本,而供应商和零售商之间及时有效的信息共享是双方合作的基础,为了实现供应商和零售商之间及时准确的信息共享,出现了跨组织信息系统。跨组织信息系统允许信息跨越组织边界传递,实现供应商和零售商之间信息及时准确的共享,降低了各种成本如采购成本、库存成本等。跨组织信息系统对供应商和零售商的合作起到关键作用,跨组织信息系统采纳对供应商和零售商来说是双赢的举措,但是供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采用状况并不乐观,跨组织信息系统采用率和采纳层次较低。
本文对供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的影响因素进行实证研究,总结国内外有关信息系统采纳的研究和对信息系统采纳者进行访谈,提出本文的研究模型。本文理论模型建立在T(技术)-O(组织)-E(环境)模型的基础上,引入组织间关系这一方面因素,把影响供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的因素分为组织间关系、技术、领导和环境四个方面,分别研究这四个方面影响因素对供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳意愿和采纳层次的影响作用。
通过问卷调查收集整理数据,利用SPSS16.0对数据进行因子分析、相关分析、回归分析和方差分析。数据分析的结果表明了组织间关系、技术、领导和环境四个方面的因素对供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳意愿和采纳层次的影响关系及影响程度大小,通过方差分析验证企业性质和企业规模对影响因素、采纳意愿和采纳层次的影响。根据分析结果对研究模型进行修正,并分别从技术、领导、环境和组织间关系四个方面提出促使供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的政策建议。
With the diversification of consumer demand and the change of competition form, retailers must seek cooperation with suppliers to achieve their own’s development in the competition. Integration suppliers and retailers can reduce the various costs. Sharing information in a timely and effective manner is the cooperation foundation. In order to achieve timely and accurate information between supplier and retailers, there has been inter-organizational information system. Inter - organizational information systems allow information to transmit between suppliers and retailers across the organizational boundary. Timely and accurate information can reduce the various costs such as purchase cost, inventory cost, etc. Inter - organizational information systems play a key role in the integration supplier and retailers. The adoption of inter-organizational information systems is a win-win initiative between suppliers and retailers, but inter-organizational information system between supplier and retailer are not adopted widely, little enterprises adopt inter-organizational information system and the hierarchical is lower.
This paper is an empirical research about influence factors of inter-organizational information system between supplier and retailers. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign related researchs and putting interview with relevant members of information system, we established the theoretical model of this paper. This theoretical model introduced inter-organizational relationship to T (technology) - O (organization) - E (environment). Influence factors of inter-organizational information systems between supplier and retailers include relationship, technology, organization and environment.
The data is collected through the questionnaire survey and is analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Through fator analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and analysis of variance, data analysis results show the correlation that inter-organizational relationship, technology, leadership and environment factors against adoption willingness of inter-organizational information systems and adoption hierarchy between supplier and retailer. Different nature and scale enterprises have differences in adoption willingness and adoption hierarchy. The study model is modified based on the results of this study, and this paper give sugestions from the technology, leadership, environment and the relationship between organizations, in order to promote retailers adopting inter-organizational information systems.
本文对供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的影响因素进行实证研究,总结国内外有关信息系统采纳的研究和对信息系统采纳者进行访谈,提出本文的研究模型。本文理论模型建立在T(技术)-O(组织)-E(环境)模型的基础上,引入组织间关系这一方面因素,把影响供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的因素分为组织间关系、技术、领导和环境四个方面,分别研究这四个方面影响因素对供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳意愿和采纳层次的影响作用。
通过问卷调查收集整理数据,利用SPSS16.0对数据进行因子分析、相关分析、回归分析和方差分析。数据分析的结果表明了组织间关系、技术、领导和环境四个方面的因素对供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳意愿和采纳层次的影响关系及影响程度大小,通过方差分析验证企业性质和企业规模对影响因素、采纳意愿和采纳层次的影响。根据分析结果对研究模型进行修正,并分别从技术、领导、环境和组织间关系四个方面提出促使供应商-零售商跨组织信息系统采纳的政策建议。
With the diversification of consumer demand and the change of competition form, retailers must seek cooperation with suppliers to achieve their own’s development in the competition. Integration suppliers and retailers can reduce the various costs. Sharing information in a timely and effective manner is the cooperation foundation. In order to achieve timely and accurate information between supplier and retailers, there has been inter-organizational information system. Inter - organizational information systems allow information to transmit between suppliers and retailers across the organizational boundary. Timely and accurate information can reduce the various costs such as purchase cost, inventory cost, etc. Inter - organizational information systems play a key role in the integration supplier and retailers. The adoption of inter-organizational information systems is a win-win initiative between suppliers and retailers, but inter-organizational information system between supplier and retailer are not adopted widely, little enterprises adopt inter-organizational information system and the hierarchical is lower.
This paper is an empirical research about influence factors of inter-organizational information system between supplier and retailers. On the basis of summarizing the domestic and foreign related researchs and putting interview with relevant members of information system, we established the theoretical model of this paper. This theoretical model introduced inter-organizational relationship to T (technology) - O (organization) - E (environment). Influence factors of inter-organizational information systems between supplier and retailers include relationship, technology, organization and environment.
The data is collected through the questionnaire survey and is analysed using SPSS version 16.0. Through fator analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and analysis of variance, data analysis results show the correlation that inter-organizational relationship, technology, leadership and environment factors against adoption willingness of inter-organizational information systems and adoption hierarchy between supplier and retailer. Different nature and scale enterprises have differences in adoption willingness and adoption hierarchy. The study model is modified based on the results of this study, and this paper give sugestions from the technology, leadership, environment and the relationship between organizations, in order to promote retailers adopting inter-organizational information systems.
引文
[1] Xiao T J, Yang D Q. Price and Service Competition of Supply Chains with Risk-averse Retailers under Demand Uncertainty[J]. International Journal of Prodution Economics, 2008, 114(1):187-200.
[2] Chen L J, Paul R M. Understanding Supply Chain Management: Critical Research and A Theoretical Framework[J].Intemational Journal of Production Research, 2004:131-163.
[3]马士华等.基于时间竞争的供应链信息共享模式[J].物流科技,2005(8):66-69.
[4]罗汉洋.供应链中跨组织信息系统的演化[J].科技管理研究,2005(9):157-159.
[5]何晓兰.基于JIMI模式的农产品供应链管理研究[J].中国管理信息化,2009(17):88-92.
[6] Felix Kaufman. Data Systems that cross Company Boundaries[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1966(1):141-155.
[7] Barrett S, Konsynski B. Inter-Organization Information Sharing Systems[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1982(6):93-105.
[8] Reima Suomi. Inter-organizational Information Systems as Company Resources[J]. Information & Management, 1988(2):105-112.
[9] J.Yannis Bakos. A Strategic Analysis of Electronic Marketplaces[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 1 ( 3) : 295-310.
[10] Ram L. Kumar and Connie W. Crook. A Multi-disciplinary Framework for the Management of Inter-organizational Systems[J]. The Database for Advances in Information Systems, 1999(31):22-36.
[11] Haiwook Chio. An Exploratory Study and Cross-cultural Impact of Information Systems[J]. Journal of Global Information Management, 2003, 11(2):1-30.
[12] Raymond McLeod, Jr.George Schell. Management Information Systems[J]. International Edition, 2003:82-90.
[13]梅姝娥,仲伟俊.组织间信息系统刍议[J].教育信息化,1997 (12) :6-9.
[14]徐宝祥,王姣.组织间信息系统协同及其实现技术研究[J].情报杂志,2008(2):63-68.
[15]彭晓燕.跨组织信息系统研究述评[J].当代经济管理,2008,30(9):10-14.
[16]徐梦丹,李兴华.供应链中跨组织信息系统的研究进展[J].科技进步与对策,2008(5):196-200.
[17] Everett Rogers. Diffusion of Innovations [M]. New York: Free Press, 1995:56-78.
[18] T.H.Kwon, R.W.Zmud. Unifying the Fragmented Models of Information Systems Imp lamentation [M]. Critical Issues in Information Systems Research.John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1987:227-251.
[19] Cooper, Zumb. Information technology implementation research: A Technological Diffusion Approach[J]. Management Science. 1990, 36(2):123-139.
[20]庄玉良等.企业信息系统采纳研究评述[J].商业情报,,2006(5):98-100.
[21]李怡文.组织信息技术采纳前后行为影响因素的比较研究[J].理论发展与中国实践, 2009(2):126-128.
[22] Davis, Richard, PaulR Warshaw. User Acceptance of Computer Technology:A Comparision of Two Theoretical Models[J]. Management Science, 1989, 25(8):330-332.
[23] Tornatzky, Fleischer. The Deployment of Technological Innovation. Lexington Books: Lexington[J], Massachusetts, 1990: 117-148.
[24] Goodhue, Thompson. Task-technology Fit and Individual Performance[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1995(2):213-235.
[25] JamesY.L.Thong. An Integrated Model of Iinformation Systems Adoption in Small Business[J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1999(15):742-1222.
[26] Fichman. The Diffusion and Assimilation of Information Technology Innovation[J]. Solan School of Mnagement, MIT, 1999
[27] Venkatesh, Morris.User Acceptance of Information Technology:Toward a Unified View[J].MIS Quarterly, 2003, 9(27):425-478.
[28]吴春明,赵晶等.企业信息技术采纳影响因素的实证研究[J].世界能源展望, 2008:129-130.
[29]吴连朋.基于UTAUT理论的ERP技术采纳建模与实证研究[D].天津:天津大学信息关系及信息系统专业, 2008:27-31.
[30]李苗.影响组织接收信息系统的因素分析[J].科技信息,2009(25):135-136.
[31]马庆国,王凯.积极情绪对用户信息技术采纳意向影响的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27 (10):1557-1562.
[32]仇梅美.基于跨组织关系的现代跨组织系统[J].物流科技,2005(12):78-82.
[33]李茵.跨组织信息系统理论探索[J].中国科技信息,2005(16):102-105.
[34]劳帼龄.建筑企业信息技术采纳影响因素分析[J].信息技术采纳:理论发展与中国实践,2004,68-72.
[35]金昱成,钟永祥等.服务中小企业信息技术采纳推荐系统的研究[J].企业物流,2009(36):36-37.
[36]刘凤霞,常大磊.跨组织信息系统与竞争优势的获取和保持[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(1):28-30.
[37]邵希娟,杨建梅.行为决策及理论研究的发展过程[J].科技管理研究,2006(5):203-205.
[38] Fishbein.M, Ajzen.I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research[M]. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975: 288-333.
[39]王瑛.供应链伙伴信息共享的博弈与激励[J].中国管理科学,2005(5):61-65.
[40]常志平,蒋馥.供应链中信息共享的层次及其影响因素分析[J].工业工程与管理,2003(2):22-24.
[41]罗英.供应链信息共享价值分析与模式研究[J].合作经济与科技,2008(8):22-23.
[42]秦黎.组织关系视角下的跨组织信息系统理论探索[J].商业研究,2006(1):30-32.
[43] Raymond E. Mikes and Charles C. Snow. Causes of failture in network organizations[J]. California Management Review, 1992, 34(4):53-72.
[44]胡宝玲.影响渠道中的权利使用及其影响[J].现代企业,2006(12):54-56.
[45]张刚,张东芳.供应商网络的信任分析—以浙江省汽车零配件企业为例[J].管理科学学报,2008(1):133-142.
[46]许淑君,马士华.供应链企业间的信任机制研究[J].工业工程与管理. 2000(6):5-8.
[47] Carr, Amelia. The Relationship between Information Technology Use and Buyer-Supplier Relationships:An Exploratory Analysis of the Buying Firm s Perspective[J]. Transactions on Engineering Management, 2002(3):293-304
[48] Chau.P.Y, K.Y. Tam. Factors Affecting the Adoption of Open Systems: An Exploratory Study[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1997(1):1-24.
[49] Slevin D.P, Pinto J.K. Strategy and Tatics in a Process Model of Project Implementation[J]. Interfaces, 1987(3):34-37.
[50] Iacovou C.L, I Benbasat. Electrinic Data Inter-change and Small Organiazation: Adoption and Impact of Technology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1995(4):465-585.
[51]何琼秀,D.F.Wilson,李子江.协作关系中的不确定性与技术链接[J].工业工程,2006(3):40-44.
[52] Rawwas M.Y, Vitell S.J. Management of Conflict a Using Individual Power Sources: a Retailers Perspective[J]. Jounal of Business Research, 1997(40):49-64.
[53] G.P.Premkumar. Inter-organiazation Systems and Suppy Chain Management: An Information Processing Perspective[J]. Information Systems Management, 2000(2):56-69.
[54] Chatterjee, Rajeep. Shaping up for e-commerce: Institutional enablers of the organizational assimilation of web technologies[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2002(2):65-89.
[55] Ranganathan.C, Dhaliwal.J. Assimilation and Diffusion of Web Technologies in Supply-Chain Management: An Examination of Key Drivers and Performance Impact[J]. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2004(1):127-161.
[2] Chen L J, Paul R M. Understanding Supply Chain Management: Critical Research and A Theoretical Framework[J].Intemational Journal of Production Research, 2004:131-163.
[3]马士华等.基于时间竞争的供应链信息共享模式[J].物流科技,2005(8):66-69.
[4]罗汉洋.供应链中跨组织信息系统的演化[J].科技管理研究,2005(9):157-159.
[5]何晓兰.基于JIMI模式的农产品供应链管理研究[J].中国管理信息化,2009(17):88-92.
[6] Felix Kaufman. Data Systems that cross Company Boundaries[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1966(1):141-155.
[7] Barrett S, Konsynski B. Inter-Organization Information Sharing Systems[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1982(6):93-105.
[8] Reima Suomi. Inter-organizational Information Systems as Company Resources[J]. Information & Management, 1988(2):105-112.
[9] J.Yannis Bakos. A Strategic Analysis of Electronic Marketplaces[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1991, 1 ( 3) : 295-310.
[10] Ram L. Kumar and Connie W. Crook. A Multi-disciplinary Framework for the Management of Inter-organizational Systems[J]. The Database for Advances in Information Systems, 1999(31):22-36.
[11] Haiwook Chio. An Exploratory Study and Cross-cultural Impact of Information Systems[J]. Journal of Global Information Management, 2003, 11(2):1-30.
[12] Raymond McLeod, Jr.George Schell. Management Information Systems[J]. International Edition, 2003:82-90.
[13]梅姝娥,仲伟俊.组织间信息系统刍议[J].教育信息化,1997 (12) :6-9.
[14]徐宝祥,王姣.组织间信息系统协同及其实现技术研究[J].情报杂志,2008(2):63-68.
[15]彭晓燕.跨组织信息系统研究述评[J].当代经济管理,2008,30(9):10-14.
[16]徐梦丹,李兴华.供应链中跨组织信息系统的研究进展[J].科技进步与对策,2008(5):196-200.
[17] Everett Rogers. Diffusion of Innovations [M]. New York: Free Press, 1995:56-78.
[18] T.H.Kwon, R.W.Zmud. Unifying the Fragmented Models of Information Systems Imp lamentation [M]. Critical Issues in Information Systems Research.John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1987:227-251.
[19] Cooper, Zumb. Information technology implementation research: A Technological Diffusion Approach[J]. Management Science. 1990, 36(2):123-139.
[20]庄玉良等.企业信息系统采纳研究评述[J].商业情报,,2006(5):98-100.
[21]李怡文.组织信息技术采纳前后行为影响因素的比较研究[J].理论发展与中国实践, 2009(2):126-128.
[22] Davis, Richard, PaulR Warshaw. User Acceptance of Computer Technology:A Comparision of Two Theoretical Models[J]. Management Science, 1989, 25(8):330-332.
[23] Tornatzky, Fleischer. The Deployment of Technological Innovation. Lexington Books: Lexington[J], Massachusetts, 1990: 117-148.
[24] Goodhue, Thompson. Task-technology Fit and Individual Performance[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1995(2):213-235.
[25] JamesY.L.Thong. An Integrated Model of Iinformation Systems Adoption in Small Business[J]. Journal of Management Information Systems, 1999(15):742-1222.
[26] Fichman. The Diffusion and Assimilation of Information Technology Innovation[J]. Solan School of Mnagement, MIT, 1999
[27] Venkatesh, Morris.User Acceptance of Information Technology:Toward a Unified View[J].MIS Quarterly, 2003, 9(27):425-478.
[28]吴春明,赵晶等.企业信息技术采纳影响因素的实证研究[J].世界能源展望, 2008:129-130.
[29]吴连朋.基于UTAUT理论的ERP技术采纳建模与实证研究[D].天津:天津大学信息关系及信息系统专业, 2008:27-31.
[30]李苗.影响组织接收信息系统的因素分析[J].科技信息,2009(25):135-136.
[31]马庆国,王凯.积极情绪对用户信息技术采纳意向影响的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2009,27 (10):1557-1562.
[32]仇梅美.基于跨组织关系的现代跨组织系统[J].物流科技,2005(12):78-82.
[33]李茵.跨组织信息系统理论探索[J].中国科技信息,2005(16):102-105.
[34]劳帼龄.建筑企业信息技术采纳影响因素分析[J].信息技术采纳:理论发展与中国实践,2004,68-72.
[35]金昱成,钟永祥等.服务中小企业信息技术采纳推荐系统的研究[J].企业物流,2009(36):36-37.
[36]刘凤霞,常大磊.跨组织信息系统与竞争优势的获取和保持[J].科技进步与对策,2007,24(1):28-30.
[37]邵希娟,杨建梅.行为决策及理论研究的发展过程[J].科技管理研究,2006(5):203-205.
[38] Fishbein.M, Ajzen.I. Belief, Attitude, Intention, and behavior: An introduction to theory and research[M]. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1975: 288-333.
[39]王瑛.供应链伙伴信息共享的博弈与激励[J].中国管理科学,2005(5):61-65.
[40]常志平,蒋馥.供应链中信息共享的层次及其影响因素分析[J].工业工程与管理,2003(2):22-24.
[41]罗英.供应链信息共享价值分析与模式研究[J].合作经济与科技,2008(8):22-23.
[42]秦黎.组织关系视角下的跨组织信息系统理论探索[J].商业研究,2006(1):30-32.
[43] Raymond E. Mikes and Charles C. Snow. Causes of failture in network organizations[J]. California Management Review, 1992, 34(4):53-72.
[44]胡宝玲.影响渠道中的权利使用及其影响[J].现代企业,2006(12):54-56.
[45]张刚,张东芳.供应商网络的信任分析—以浙江省汽车零配件企业为例[J].管理科学学报,2008(1):133-142.
[46]许淑君,马士华.供应链企业间的信任机制研究[J].工业工程与管理. 2000(6):5-8.
[47] Carr, Amelia. The Relationship between Information Technology Use and Buyer-Supplier Relationships:An Exploratory Analysis of the Buying Firm s Perspective[J]. Transactions on Engineering Management, 2002(3):293-304
[48] Chau.P.Y, K.Y. Tam. Factors Affecting the Adoption of Open Systems: An Exploratory Study[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1997(1):1-24.
[49] Slevin D.P, Pinto J.K. Strategy and Tatics in a Process Model of Project Implementation[J]. Interfaces, 1987(3):34-37.
[50] Iacovou C.L, I Benbasat. Electrinic Data Inter-change and Small Organiazation: Adoption and Impact of Technology[J]. MIS Quarterly, 1995(4):465-585.
[51]何琼秀,D.F.Wilson,李子江.协作关系中的不确定性与技术链接[J].工业工程,2006(3):40-44.
[52] Rawwas M.Y, Vitell S.J. Management of Conflict a Using Individual Power Sources: a Retailers Perspective[J]. Jounal of Business Research, 1997(40):49-64.
[53] G.P.Premkumar. Inter-organiazation Systems and Suppy Chain Management: An Information Processing Perspective[J]. Information Systems Management, 2000(2):56-69.
[54] Chatterjee, Rajeep. Shaping up for e-commerce: Institutional enablers of the organizational assimilation of web technologies[J]. MIS Quarterly, 2002(2):65-89.
[55] Ranganathan.C, Dhaliwal.J. Assimilation and Diffusion of Web Technologies in Supply-Chain Management: An Examination of Key Drivers and Performance Impact[J]. International Journal of Electronic Commerce, 2004(1):127-161.