空天网络高动态切换控制算法研究
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摘要
切换是移动通信网络中的一项关键技术,它具有在终端运动或是恶劣的无线传输条件下恢复并保持通信的连续性以及平衡网络业务负荷等功能,直接影响着整个通信系统的服务质量和性能。切换判决作为切换中最为关键的环节,决定了切换的成功与否以及切换性能的优劣,是实现无缝切换的重要前提。在空天网络中,其信道特性不同于地面现有系统,接入的终端往往具有特定功能,并且运动速度非常快,甚至达到几倍、几十倍音速,可以用于切换判决和切换执行的时间非常短,这些特性形成了对高动态终端切换控制的重要技术挑战。
本文首先基于STK平台进行建模,选择临近空间平台和GEO卫星组成的融合网络中五种典型切换场景,进行可视性分析、重叠覆盖区分析,以及终端接收信号强度分析。其次,在切换判决中,针对终端高速运动的特点,提出一个计算复杂度不高,预测精度满足切换判决要求的轨迹预测算法。然后联合高动态终端轨迹预测、业务质量和信号质量,设计了基于灰色关联系数和终端轨迹预测的多属性高动态终端切换判决算法。
最后,设计了高动态终端轨迹生成算法,用于模拟高动态终端的运动,构成相应的切换场景,利用OPNET建立了五种仿真场景。在各个仿真场景中的仿真结果表明,所设计的多属性切换判决算法,与仅基于灰色关联系数的切换判决算法相比,不仅能够选择出最佳的目标接入点,而且能够及时触发切换,减少不必要的切换次数,避免“乒乓切换”;可以兼容同构网络和异构网络的切换判决。
Handover technology is one of key technologies of the mobile communication networks, which can recover and maintain communication and balance traffic load in bad wireless channels and moving conditions. Therefore, the handover technology directly affects the quality of service and performance of wireless communication systems. As the most critical part of handover algorithm, handover decision impacts the success and performance of handover algorithm, moreover, it is an important precondition to achieve seamless handover in wireless communication systems. In Air & Space Network, characteristics of wireless channels are different from characteristics of wireless channels in existing terrestrial wireless communication systems. In Air & Space Network, terminals usually have high speed even up to several or several ten times of the speed of sound. Therefore, it is only a very short time left for handover decision and execution in Air & Space Network. These features conduce some great technical challenges for handover control algorithms of high speed terminals in Air & Space Network.
Firstly, based on STK platform, five typical handover scenarios are selected to analyze the visibility, overlapping coverage and the received signal strength for a high speed terminal in Air & Space Network. Secondly, considering the high speed characteristics of the terminals, a trajectory prediction algorithm with low computational complexity is proposed for handover decisions. Simulation results show that the prediction accuracy of the new algorithm meets requirements of the handover decision. Furthermore, considering the trajectory prediction information of the high speed terminals and the quality of service, as so as the quality of signal, a novel multi-attribute handover decision algorithm is developed based on gray relational coefficient and the trajectory prediction information.
Finally, a high speed terminal trajectory generation algorithm is designed to simulate movements of the high speed terminals to configure corresponding handover scenarios in Air & Space Network. Five simulation scenarios are established in the OPNET platform. Compared with the algorithm only based on gray correlation coefficient, Simulation results show that the proposed multi-attribute handover decision algorithm can not only choose the best target access point but also trigger the right handover time and reduce unnecessary handover times. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be compatible with the handover decisions of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks.
本文首先基于STK平台进行建模,选择临近空间平台和GEO卫星组成的融合网络中五种典型切换场景,进行可视性分析、重叠覆盖区分析,以及终端接收信号强度分析。其次,在切换判决中,针对终端高速运动的特点,提出一个计算复杂度不高,预测精度满足切换判决要求的轨迹预测算法。然后联合高动态终端轨迹预测、业务质量和信号质量,设计了基于灰色关联系数和终端轨迹预测的多属性高动态终端切换判决算法。
最后,设计了高动态终端轨迹生成算法,用于模拟高动态终端的运动,构成相应的切换场景,利用OPNET建立了五种仿真场景。在各个仿真场景中的仿真结果表明,所设计的多属性切换判决算法,与仅基于灰色关联系数的切换判决算法相比,不仅能够选择出最佳的目标接入点,而且能够及时触发切换,减少不必要的切换次数,避免“乒乓切换”;可以兼容同构网络和异构网络的切换判决。
Handover technology is one of key technologies of the mobile communication networks, which can recover and maintain communication and balance traffic load in bad wireless channels and moving conditions. Therefore, the handover technology directly affects the quality of service and performance of wireless communication systems. As the most critical part of handover algorithm, handover decision impacts the success and performance of handover algorithm, moreover, it is an important precondition to achieve seamless handover in wireless communication systems. In Air & Space Network, characteristics of wireless channels are different from characteristics of wireless channels in existing terrestrial wireless communication systems. In Air & Space Network, terminals usually have high speed even up to several or several ten times of the speed of sound. Therefore, it is only a very short time left for handover decision and execution in Air & Space Network. These features conduce some great technical challenges for handover control algorithms of high speed terminals in Air & Space Network.
Firstly, based on STK platform, five typical handover scenarios are selected to analyze the visibility, overlapping coverage and the received signal strength for a high speed terminal in Air & Space Network. Secondly, considering the high speed characteristics of the terminals, a trajectory prediction algorithm with low computational complexity is proposed for handover decisions. Simulation results show that the prediction accuracy of the new algorithm meets requirements of the handover decision. Furthermore, considering the trajectory prediction information of the high speed terminals and the quality of service, as so as the quality of signal, a novel multi-attribute handover decision algorithm is developed based on gray relational coefficient and the trajectory prediction information.
Finally, a high speed terminal trajectory generation algorithm is designed to simulate movements of the high speed terminals to configure corresponding handover scenarios in Air & Space Network. Five simulation scenarios are established in the OPNET platform. Compared with the algorithm only based on gray correlation coefficient, Simulation results show that the proposed multi-attribute handover decision algorithm can not only choose the best target access point but also trigger the right handover time and reduce unnecessary handover times. Moreover, the proposed algorithm can be compatible with the handover decisions of homogeneous and heterogeneous networks.
引文
[1]王晓海.天基综合信息网络的发展及应用.数字通信世界, 2007,(10): 32-34.
[2] Ibnkahla M, Rahman Q M.High-speed satellite mobile communications: technologies and challenges [J].IEEE.2004,92(2):312-339.
[3]徐正军.高超声速飞行器仿真与性能评估:[硕士学位论文].西北工业大学,2006.
[4]徐晓丽,刘翠平,梅素平.异构网络垂直切换判决策略研究.网络安全技术与应用, 2009,(7): 89-92.
[5] SuKyoungLee, Sriram K., Kyungsoo Kim, et al.Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithms for Providing Optimized Performance in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology. 2009,58(2): 865-881.
[6] H.Wang, R.Katz, J.Giese. Policy-enabled handoffs across heterogeneouswireless networks.in Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.New Orleans.LA, 1999.25-26.
[7] Wei Shen, Qing-An Zeng.Cost-Function-Based Network Selection Strategy in Integrated Wireless and Mobile Networks. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions, 2008,57(6):3778-3788.
[8] Litao Liang, Hui Wang, Ping Zhang. Net Utility-Based Network Selection Scheme in CDMA Cellular/WLAN Integrated Networks. Wireless, Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, 2007.3313-3317.
[9] Q.Song and A.Jamalipour. A Network Selection Mechanism for Next Generation Networks, in Proc.IEEE ICC'05, Seoul, Korea,2005. 1418-1422.
[10] .E.Stevens-Navarro, V.Wong. Comparison between vertical handoff decision algorithms for Heterogeneous wireless networks. in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Melbourne.Vic, 2006,7-10.
[11] T.Onel, C.Ersoy, E.Cayirci and G.Parr. A multi-criteria handoff decision scheme for the next generation tactical communications system user. Computer Networks, 2004,46(5):695-708.
[12] W.Zhang. Handover Decision Using Fuzzy MADM in Heterogeneous Networks. in Proc. IEEE WCNC'04, Atlanta, GA, 2004.Vol.2: 653– 658.
[13]陈山枝,时岩,胡博.移动性管理理论与技术.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2007.32-46.
[14]李怡勇,李智,沈怀荣.临近空间飞行器发展与应用分析.装备指挥技术学院学报,2008,(2): 49-52.
[15]曹秀云.美国临近空间飞行器技术发展概述.现代军事, 2007,(3): 54-58.
[16]曹秀云.国外加紧研究临近空间飞行器.国防, 2007,(5): 69-73.
[17]何彦峰.浅析临近空间平台的军事应用.国防科技,2007,(6):32~35.
[18]喻香.移动卫星通信网络切换技术研究:[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学, 2008.
[19]张尚剑,刘勇智.用滑动窗多项式拟合法实时预测运动目标轨迹.光电工程,2003,30(4):24-27.
[20]罗兆文,张沛,王文等.基于GPS的飞机航迹预测方法研究.海洋测绘,2009,29(2):35-38.
[21]宁新建.航空机动目标的灰色预测分析.《新技术新工艺》数字技术与机械加工工艺装备, 2009,(3):40-42.
[22]孙炜,白剑林.一种空中目标航迹的灰色预测方法.电光与控制,2009,16(6):12-15.
[23]邓聚龙.灰理论基础.第一版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 2002.108-112.
[24]邓聚龙等.灰预测与灰决策.第一版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 2002.86-102.
[25]李红等.数值分析.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 2003. 8-10.
[26] Pulak K Chowdhury, William Ivancic. Handover schemes in space networks: classification and performance comparison. IEEE SMC-IT’06. 2006.8-15.
[27] E. Gustafsson, A. Jonsson. Always Best Connected. IEEE Wireless Comm.,2003,10(1):49-55.
[28] Fabio Lattanzi, Giovanni Giambene, Guray Acar, et al. Admission control and handover management for high-speed trains in vehicular geostationary satellite networks with terrestrial gap-filling. International Journal of Satallite Communications and Networks, Wiley InterScience. 2009,28(1):1-27.
[29] Min Liu Zhongcheng Li Xiaobing Guo Dutkiewicz, E. Performance Analysis and Optimization of Handoff Algorithms in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions, 2008,7(7):846 - 857
[30] C. Chi, X. Cai, R. Hao. et al. Modeling and analysis of handover algorithms. in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM’07,2007.4473-4477.
[31] D. Niyato, E. Hossain. Dynamics of Network Selection in Hetero-geneous Wireless Networks:An Evolutionary Game Approach. IEEE Trans.Vehicular Technology, 2009,58(4):2008-2017.
[32] Hasib A., Fapojuwo, A.O. Analysis of Common Radio Resource Management Scheme for End-to-End QoS Support in Multiservice Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2008,57(4):2426-2439.
[33] ZHAO W, TAFAROLLI R, EVANS B G. Combined handover algorithm for dynamic satellite constellations. Electronics Letters, 1996, 32(7):622-624.
[34] W.Chen and Y. Shu. Active Application Oriented Vertical Handoff in Next Generation Wireless Networks. in Proc IEEE WCNC'05, New Orleans, LA, 2005. 1383-1388.
[35]郭晓娟.几种多属性决策方法与应用研究:[硕士学位论文].西南交通大学,2008.
[36]朱建军.层次分析法的若干问题研究及应用:[博士学位论文].东北大学,2005.
[37] Yuxia Lin. An MDP-Based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Vehicular Technology. IEEE Transactions,2008,57(2):1243-1254.
[38]陈敏.OPNET网络仿真.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004. 80-92.
[39]王文博.OPNET Modeler与网络仿真.第一版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003. 96-126.
[40] X.RONG LI,vesselin P.Jilkov. Survey of Maneuvering Target Tracking.PartI:Dynamic Models. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2003,39(4):1333-1364.
[41]任重,杨灿军,陈鹰.轨迹规划中的B样条插值算法.机电工程,2001,18(5): 38-39.
[42]黄俊,滕鹏,于雷等.战斗机航迹可飞性过载检验算法.飞行力学,2008,26(3): 22-25.
[43]许小勇,钟太勇.三次样条插值函数的构造与Matlab实现.自动测量与控制, 2006,25(11): 76-78.
[44]徐明友,丁松滨.飞行动力学.第一版.北京:科学出版社. 2003.178-302.
[45] Shoichiro Nakamura[美]著.梁恒,刘晓艳等译.科学计算引论-基于MATLAB的数值分析.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2002.6.206-210.
[46] Li,X.R, Jilkov,V.P. A survey of maneuvering target tracking:Dynamic models. In Proceedings of the 2000 SPIE Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets. Vol.4048, Orlando, FL, 2000. 212-236.
[47]徐正荣.运动目标的模拟:[硕士学位论文].合肥工业大学,2004.
[2] Ibnkahla M, Rahman Q M.High-speed satellite mobile communications: technologies and challenges [J].IEEE.2004,92(2):312-339.
[3]徐正军.高超声速飞行器仿真与性能评估:[硕士学位论文].西北工业大学,2006.
[4]徐晓丽,刘翠平,梅素平.异构网络垂直切换判决策略研究.网络安全技术与应用, 2009,(7): 89-92.
[5] SuKyoungLee, Sriram K., Kyungsoo Kim, et al.Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithms for Providing Optimized Performance in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. IEEE Trans.on Vehicular Technology. 2009,58(2): 865-881.
[6] H.Wang, R.Katz, J.Giese. Policy-enabled handoffs across heterogeneouswireless networks.in Second IEEE Workshop on Mobile Computing Systems and Applications.New Orleans.LA, 1999.25-26.
[7] Wei Shen, Qing-An Zeng.Cost-Function-Based Network Selection Strategy in Integrated Wireless and Mobile Networks. Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions, 2008,57(6):3778-3788.
[8] Litao Liang, Hui Wang, Ping Zhang. Net Utility-Based Network Selection Scheme in CDMA Cellular/WLAN Integrated Networks. Wireless, Communications and Networking Conference, IEEE, 2007.3313-3317.
[9] Q.Song and A.Jamalipour. A Network Selection Mechanism for Next Generation Networks, in Proc.IEEE ICC'05, Seoul, Korea,2005. 1418-1422.
[10] .E.Stevens-Navarro, V.Wong. Comparison between vertical handoff decision algorithms for Heterogeneous wireless networks. in IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Melbourne.Vic, 2006,7-10.
[11] T.Onel, C.Ersoy, E.Cayirci and G.Parr. A multi-criteria handoff decision scheme for the next generation tactical communications system user. Computer Networks, 2004,46(5):695-708.
[12] W.Zhang. Handover Decision Using Fuzzy MADM in Heterogeneous Networks. in Proc. IEEE WCNC'04, Atlanta, GA, 2004.Vol.2: 653– 658.
[13]陈山枝,时岩,胡博.移动性管理理论与技术.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2007.32-46.
[14]李怡勇,李智,沈怀荣.临近空间飞行器发展与应用分析.装备指挥技术学院学报,2008,(2): 49-52.
[15]曹秀云.美国临近空间飞行器技术发展概述.现代军事, 2007,(3): 54-58.
[16]曹秀云.国外加紧研究临近空间飞行器.国防, 2007,(5): 69-73.
[17]何彦峰.浅析临近空间平台的军事应用.国防科技,2007,(6):32~35.
[18]喻香.移动卫星通信网络切换技术研究:[硕士学位论文].华中科技大学, 2008.
[19]张尚剑,刘勇智.用滑动窗多项式拟合法实时预测运动目标轨迹.光电工程,2003,30(4):24-27.
[20]罗兆文,张沛,王文等.基于GPS的飞机航迹预测方法研究.海洋测绘,2009,29(2):35-38.
[21]宁新建.航空机动目标的灰色预测分析.《新技术新工艺》数字技术与机械加工工艺装备, 2009,(3):40-42.
[22]孙炜,白剑林.一种空中目标航迹的灰色预测方法.电光与控制,2009,16(6):12-15.
[23]邓聚龙.灰理论基础.第一版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 2002.108-112.
[24]邓聚龙等.灰预测与灰决策.第一版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 2002.86-102.
[25]李红等.数值分析.第二版.武汉:华中科技大学出版社. 2003. 8-10.
[26] Pulak K Chowdhury, William Ivancic. Handover schemes in space networks: classification and performance comparison. IEEE SMC-IT’06. 2006.8-15.
[27] E. Gustafsson, A. Jonsson. Always Best Connected. IEEE Wireless Comm.,2003,10(1):49-55.
[28] Fabio Lattanzi, Giovanni Giambene, Guray Acar, et al. Admission control and handover management for high-speed trains in vehicular geostationary satellite networks with terrestrial gap-filling. International Journal of Satallite Communications and Networks, Wiley InterScience. 2009,28(1):1-27.
[29] Min Liu Zhongcheng Li Xiaobing Guo Dutkiewicz, E. Performance Analysis and Optimization of Handoff Algorithms in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Mobile Computing, IEEE Transactions, 2008,7(7):846 - 857
[30] C. Chi, X. Cai, R. Hao. et al. Modeling and analysis of handover algorithms. in IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference GLOBECOM’07,2007.4473-4477.
[31] D. Niyato, E. Hossain. Dynamics of Network Selection in Hetero-geneous Wireless Networks:An Evolutionary Game Approach. IEEE Trans.Vehicular Technology, 2009,58(4):2008-2017.
[32] Hasib A., Fapojuwo, A.O. Analysis of Common Radio Resource Management Scheme for End-to-End QoS Support in Multiservice Heterogeneous Wireless Networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2008,57(4):2426-2439.
[33] ZHAO W, TAFAROLLI R, EVANS B G. Combined handover algorithm for dynamic satellite constellations. Electronics Letters, 1996, 32(7):622-624.
[34] W.Chen and Y. Shu. Active Application Oriented Vertical Handoff in Next Generation Wireless Networks. in Proc IEEE WCNC'05, New Orleans, LA, 2005. 1383-1388.
[35]郭晓娟.几种多属性决策方法与应用研究:[硕士学位论文].西南交通大学,2008.
[36]朱建军.层次分析法的若干问题研究及应用:[博士学位论文].东北大学,2005.
[37] Yuxia Lin. An MDP-Based Vertical Handoff Decision Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks, Vehicular Technology. IEEE Transactions,2008,57(2):1243-1254.
[38]陈敏.OPNET网络仿真.第二版.北京:清华大学出版社,2004. 80-92.
[39]王文博.OPNET Modeler与网络仿真.第一版.北京:人民邮电出版社,2003. 96-126.
[40] X.RONG LI,vesselin P.Jilkov. Survey of Maneuvering Target Tracking.PartI:Dynamic Models. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, 2003,39(4):1333-1364.
[41]任重,杨灿军,陈鹰.轨迹规划中的B样条插值算法.机电工程,2001,18(5): 38-39.
[42]黄俊,滕鹏,于雷等.战斗机航迹可飞性过载检验算法.飞行力学,2008,26(3): 22-25.
[43]许小勇,钟太勇.三次样条插值函数的构造与Matlab实现.自动测量与控制, 2006,25(11): 76-78.
[44]徐明友,丁松滨.飞行动力学.第一版.北京:科学出版社. 2003.178-302.
[45] Shoichiro Nakamura[美]著.梁恒,刘晓艳等译.科学计算引论-基于MATLAB的数值分析.第一版.北京:电子工业出版社. 2002.6.206-210.
[46] Li,X.R, Jilkov,V.P. A survey of maneuvering target tracking:Dynamic models. In Proceedings of the 2000 SPIE Conference on Signal and Data Processing of Small Targets. Vol.4048, Orlando, FL, 2000. 212-236.
[47]徐正荣.运动目标的模拟:[硕士学位论文].合肥工业大学,2004.