产业技术创新战略联盟的网络结构及其运行研究
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摘要
随着经济对科技依赖程度的加深,经济的增长方式已经由依靠传统意义上的劳动力的增加和生产资料的过度消耗变成了依靠科技进步来拉动的方式,技术创新已经成为企业的生命之源,也成为国家或地区在竞争中制胜的法宝。这种增长方式的变革也迫使技术创新的方式发生革命性变革。企业需要寻求有互补优势的技术创新合作伙伴,以期保持其持久的竞争优势。而在企业合作伙伴的选择上,大学、科研院所等就是很好的备选对象,由此企业与科研院所、大学之间的产学研合作便有了诞生和进一步发展的可能。但是,在产学研合作中存在着一些不容忽视的问题,如缺乏战略层次的资源整合,不能适应重大产业关键技术和共性技术开发的需要。为了解决产学研合作过程中暴露出来的不能适应时代发展需要问题,诞生了产业技术创新战略联盟。在我国,产业技术创新战略联盟是一个新型的创新组织形式,在构建和运行过程中出现了很多问题,值得我们探究的地方很多,其中联盟网络的结构和运行模式是需要探究的关键性问题之一。
本论文基于复杂网络理论,以产业技术创新战略联盟为研究对象,重点研究其网络结构和运行模式,主要研究内容及成果概要如下：
通过产业技术创新战略联盟网络构建,刻画出了产业技术创新战略联盟网络结构,认为网络结构由节点、节点问的连接和环境要素构成。节点分别由政府机构、企业、高校、科研院所、中介机构、金融机构组成,节点间连接的方式有基于组织安排的连接、基于技术的连接、基于信息的连接、基于产权的连接和基于价值链的连接,联盟网络的环境要素有社会文化环境、制度环境、科技环境、产业环境等四个方面。
除了复杂网络的共同特征外,不同网络的个性特征主要表现在平均路径长度和聚类系数两个特征指标的区别上。通过分析产业技术创新战略联盟平均路径长度和聚类系数,来判定其应该属于那种基本类型。经过调研和逻辑推理得出结论：产业技术创新战略联盟网络有比较短的平均路径；基于对各主体参与联盟的目的统计结果和各主体在联盟内建立的直接合作关系调查,得出结论：产业技术创新战略联盟网络的聚类系数很高。综合这两个结论,本文判定产业技术创新战略联盟网络属于小世界网络。
产业技术创新战略联盟网络的运行机制主要有选择机制、学习机制、信任机制、利益机制、监控机制、分工机制和协调机制等,各种机制在联盟的不同阶段发挥着不同的作用。其运行特征表现为复杂性、动态性、开放性、协同性等。
产业技术创新战略联盟的运行模式主要有高校院所主导模式、政府主导模式、企业主导模式和中介服务机构主导模式四种,分别对应着高校院所核心型联盟网络、政府核心型联盟网络、企业核心型联盟网络和中介服务机构核心型联盟网络四种具体复杂网络类型。不同的运行模式适应着不同的条件。
产业技术创新战略联盟网络的结构特征有网络强度、网络稳定性、网络密度、网络规模、网络异质性五个维度,联盟网络运行绩效有资源整合绩效、交流学习绩效、知识创造绩效、新产品产出绩效四个要素构成。在网络结构特征和其运行绩效之间建立起假设关系,构建出结构方程模型,在调查问卷基础上对结构方程模型进行实证评价与修正,实证结论为：除网络规模外,联盟结构特征与运行绩效存在有正向影响关系。
在前面研究的基础上,找出提高产业技术创新战略联盟网络运行绩效的对策。主要有四个方面的对策,分别是：完善产业技术创新战略联盟的运行机制,促进各类运行模式的完善,优化联盟网络结构,加强政府对联盟的宏观管理。
总体上,本文从我国产业技术创新战略联盟建设需要出发,以复杂网络理论为基本指导思路、以完善联盟网络结构和提高其运行效率为最终研究目的,通过大量的调查和文献研读,同时借助技术创新理论、交易费用理论和博弈论等,分析产业技术创新战略联盟的形成机理,构造出产业技术创新战略联盟复杂网络结构模型,分析各种可能的运行模式,寻求不同条件下的最佳匹配运行模式,以实证方式探索了联盟网络结构特征与联盟运行绩效的关系,并进一步提出了提高其运行绩效的对策建议。
With the deepening economic dependence on technology, economic growth has increased and the means of production by relying on the traditional sense of the labor consumption to rely on scientific and technological progress to promote way, technology innovation has become the source of life, but also become a magic weapon for country or region in the competition to win the. This growth pattern change has forced the technological innovation mode of revolutionary change. Enterprises need to seek the cooperation innovation partners complementary advantage, in order to maintain its sustainable competitive advantage. But in the enterprise partner selection of alternatives, University, research institutes and other is very good, the cooperation between enterprises and research institutes, University had the birth and the potential for further development. However, there exist some problems that can not be ignored during the cooperation, such as the lack of resource integration strategy level, cannot meet the need of development of key technologies and major industrial generic technology. In order to solve the cooperation process exposed not adapting to the need of the times, the birth of the industrial technology innovation strategy alliance. In our country, the industrial technology innovation strategic alliance is a new form of organization, in the construction and operation process of many problems, many worthy of our study areas, the structure and the operation mode of alliance network is one of the key problems that need to be explored.
In this paper, based on complex network theory, the industrial technology innovation strategic alliance as the research object, studies the network structure and the operation mode of key, the main research contents and results are summarized as follows:
Through the construction of industrial technology innovation strategic alliance network, portraying the industry technology innovation strategic alliance network structure, network structure by connecting nodes, nodes and elements of the environment. Nodes are connected by government agencies, enterprises, universities, research institutes, intermediary organizations, financial institutions, connection between nodes are connected, the connection of technology, organization of information connection, the connection and the connection based on the property based on the value chain based on environmental factors of alliance network, there are four aspects of society cultural environment, institutional environment, technology environment, industry environment.
In addition to the common characteristics of complex networks, personality characteristics of different networks is mainly manifested in the difference between the average path length and clustering coefficient of two characteristic indexes. Through the analysis of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance average path length and clustering coefficient, to determine the basic types that should belong to. After investigation and logical reasoning to conclude1:industrial technology innovation strategic alliance network is the average path is shorter; investigation of direct cooperation between objective statistical results of alliance each subject participation and the main building within the Coalition Based on clustering coefficient, draw a conclusion2:industrial technology innovation strategic alliance network is very high. Conclusion combination of1and the conclusion of2, this paper determines the industry technology innovation strategic alliance network is a small world network.
The main operating mechanism of industry technology innovation strategic alliance of the network selection mechanism, learning mechanism, trust mechanism, interest mechanism, monitoring mechanism, labor division and coordination mechanism, a variety of mechanisms play different roles in different stages of alliance. The operation is characterized by complexity, dynamic, open, cooperative and so.
Operation mode of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance is the dominant pattern in Colleges and universities, government leading mode, enterprise dominant mode and intermediary service agencies leading mode four, corresponding to the universities, the core network, the core alliance networks, enterprise core alliance networks and intermediary service institutions core alliance networks four the specific type of complex network. Different running modes to adapt to different conditions.
Structure characteristics of industry technology innovation strategic alliance network for the network strength, network stability, network density, network scale, network heterogeneity in five dimensions, the alliance network performance resources conformity performance, learning performance, knowledge creation performance, four factors of new product output performance. Establish the hypothesis relationship between network structure and its operation performance, constructs the structural equation model, the questionnaire based on structural equation model and the modified empirical evaluation, draws the conclusion:in addition to the network size, structure and performance of existing alliance has a positive impact.
On the basis of the above study, find out countermeasures to improve industry technology innovation strategic alliance network performance. The main countermeasures, four aspects are:perfect the operating mechanism of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance, promote the perfection of all kinds of operation mode, optimizing the network structure, strengthen the government macroscopic management to the alliance.
Overall, this article from the industry technology innovation strategy alliance in China needs of the building, on the complex networks theory is the basic guiding ideas, in order to improve the network structure and improve its running efficiency as the ultimate objective, through a lot of investigation and study of literature, at the same time with the technological innovation theory, transaction cost theory and game theory, analysis of formation mechanism of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance, to construct the complex network structure model of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance, operation mode analysis of various possible, seek the best matching operation mode under different conditions, this study explores the relationship of performance characteristics and network structure of the alliance, and further puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve its performance.
本论文基于复杂网络理论,以产业技术创新战略联盟为研究对象,重点研究其网络结构和运行模式,主要研究内容及成果概要如下：
通过产业技术创新战略联盟网络构建,刻画出了产业技术创新战略联盟网络结构,认为网络结构由节点、节点问的连接和环境要素构成。节点分别由政府机构、企业、高校、科研院所、中介机构、金融机构组成,节点间连接的方式有基于组织安排的连接、基于技术的连接、基于信息的连接、基于产权的连接和基于价值链的连接,联盟网络的环境要素有社会文化环境、制度环境、科技环境、产业环境等四个方面。
除了复杂网络的共同特征外,不同网络的个性特征主要表现在平均路径长度和聚类系数两个特征指标的区别上。通过分析产业技术创新战略联盟平均路径长度和聚类系数,来判定其应该属于那种基本类型。经过调研和逻辑推理得出结论：产业技术创新战略联盟网络有比较短的平均路径；基于对各主体参与联盟的目的统计结果和各主体在联盟内建立的直接合作关系调查,得出结论：产业技术创新战略联盟网络的聚类系数很高。综合这两个结论,本文判定产业技术创新战略联盟网络属于小世界网络。
产业技术创新战略联盟网络的运行机制主要有选择机制、学习机制、信任机制、利益机制、监控机制、分工机制和协调机制等,各种机制在联盟的不同阶段发挥着不同的作用。其运行特征表现为复杂性、动态性、开放性、协同性等。
产业技术创新战略联盟的运行模式主要有高校院所主导模式、政府主导模式、企业主导模式和中介服务机构主导模式四种,分别对应着高校院所核心型联盟网络、政府核心型联盟网络、企业核心型联盟网络和中介服务机构核心型联盟网络四种具体复杂网络类型。不同的运行模式适应着不同的条件。
产业技术创新战略联盟网络的结构特征有网络强度、网络稳定性、网络密度、网络规模、网络异质性五个维度,联盟网络运行绩效有资源整合绩效、交流学习绩效、知识创造绩效、新产品产出绩效四个要素构成。在网络结构特征和其运行绩效之间建立起假设关系,构建出结构方程模型,在调查问卷基础上对结构方程模型进行实证评价与修正,实证结论为：除网络规模外,联盟结构特征与运行绩效存在有正向影响关系。
在前面研究的基础上,找出提高产业技术创新战略联盟网络运行绩效的对策。主要有四个方面的对策,分别是：完善产业技术创新战略联盟的运行机制,促进各类运行模式的完善,优化联盟网络结构,加强政府对联盟的宏观管理。
总体上,本文从我国产业技术创新战略联盟建设需要出发,以复杂网络理论为基本指导思路、以完善联盟网络结构和提高其运行效率为最终研究目的,通过大量的调查和文献研读,同时借助技术创新理论、交易费用理论和博弈论等,分析产业技术创新战略联盟的形成机理,构造出产业技术创新战略联盟复杂网络结构模型,分析各种可能的运行模式,寻求不同条件下的最佳匹配运行模式,以实证方式探索了联盟网络结构特征与联盟运行绩效的关系,并进一步提出了提高其运行绩效的对策建议。
With the deepening economic dependence on technology, economic growth has increased and the means of production by relying on the traditional sense of the labor consumption to rely on scientific and technological progress to promote way, technology innovation has become the source of life, but also become a magic weapon for country or region in the competition to win the. This growth pattern change has forced the technological innovation mode of revolutionary change. Enterprises need to seek the cooperation innovation partners complementary advantage, in order to maintain its sustainable competitive advantage. But in the enterprise partner selection of alternatives, University, research institutes and other is very good, the cooperation between enterprises and research institutes, University had the birth and the potential for further development. However, there exist some problems that can not be ignored during the cooperation, such as the lack of resource integration strategy level, cannot meet the need of development of key technologies and major industrial generic technology. In order to solve the cooperation process exposed not adapting to the need of the times, the birth of the industrial technology innovation strategy alliance. In our country, the industrial technology innovation strategic alliance is a new form of organization, in the construction and operation process of many problems, many worthy of our study areas, the structure and the operation mode of alliance network is one of the key problems that need to be explored.
In this paper, based on complex network theory, the industrial technology innovation strategic alliance as the research object, studies the network structure and the operation mode of key, the main research contents and results are summarized as follows:
Through the construction of industrial technology innovation strategic alliance network, portraying the industry technology innovation strategic alliance network structure, network structure by connecting nodes, nodes and elements of the environment. Nodes are connected by government agencies, enterprises, universities, research institutes, intermediary organizations, financial institutions, connection between nodes are connected, the connection of technology, organization of information connection, the connection and the connection based on the property based on the value chain based on environmental factors of alliance network, there are four aspects of society cultural environment, institutional environment, technology environment, industry environment.
In addition to the common characteristics of complex networks, personality characteristics of different networks is mainly manifested in the difference between the average path length and clustering coefficient of two characteristic indexes. Through the analysis of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance average path length and clustering coefficient, to determine the basic types that should belong to. After investigation and logical reasoning to conclude1:industrial technology innovation strategic alliance network is the average path is shorter; investigation of direct cooperation between objective statistical results of alliance each subject participation and the main building within the Coalition Based on clustering coefficient, draw a conclusion2:industrial technology innovation strategic alliance network is very high. Conclusion combination of1and the conclusion of2, this paper determines the industry technology innovation strategic alliance network is a small world network.
The main operating mechanism of industry technology innovation strategic alliance of the network selection mechanism, learning mechanism, trust mechanism, interest mechanism, monitoring mechanism, labor division and coordination mechanism, a variety of mechanisms play different roles in different stages of alliance. The operation is characterized by complexity, dynamic, open, cooperative and so.
Operation mode of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance is the dominant pattern in Colleges and universities, government leading mode, enterprise dominant mode and intermediary service agencies leading mode four, corresponding to the universities, the core network, the core alliance networks, enterprise core alliance networks and intermediary service institutions core alliance networks four the specific type of complex network. Different running modes to adapt to different conditions.
Structure characteristics of industry technology innovation strategic alliance network for the network strength, network stability, network density, network scale, network heterogeneity in five dimensions, the alliance network performance resources conformity performance, learning performance, knowledge creation performance, four factors of new product output performance. Establish the hypothesis relationship between network structure and its operation performance, constructs the structural equation model, the questionnaire based on structural equation model and the modified empirical evaluation, draws the conclusion:in addition to the network size, structure and performance of existing alliance has a positive impact.
On the basis of the above study, find out countermeasures to improve industry technology innovation strategic alliance network performance. The main countermeasures, four aspects are:perfect the operating mechanism of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance, promote the perfection of all kinds of operation mode, optimizing the network structure, strengthen the government macroscopic management to the alliance.
Overall, this article from the industry technology innovation strategy alliance in China needs of the building, on the complex networks theory is the basic guiding ideas, in order to improve the network structure and improve its running efficiency as the ultimate objective, through a lot of investigation and study of literature, at the same time with the technological innovation theory, transaction cost theory and game theory, analysis of formation mechanism of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance, to construct the complex network structure model of industrial technology innovation strategy alliance, operation mode analysis of various possible, seek the best matching operation mode under different conditions, this study explores the relationship of performance characteristics and network structure of the alliance, and further puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve its performance.
引文
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