曲柄连杆机构三维瞬态动应力数值仿真研究
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摘要
曲柄连杆机构是发动机最核心机构之一,直接影响到发动机的性能和可靠性。随着内燃机向高速、大功率、高负荷方向发展,曲柄连杆机构的工作环境愈加恶劣。因此,研究曲柄连杆机构的动力学特性,分析各运动部件的运动规律、受力情况以及应力/应变的大小与分布,将为发动机的研发设计以及机构优化提供非常有价值的参考依据。
本文以CUB100发动机为研究对象,通过实验的方法测取了标定工况下缸内压力随曲轴转角的变化规律。在此基础上,从静力学角度出发,分别建立了CUB100发动机活塞、连杆和曲轴三维有限元分析模型。通过数值模拟方法,求解了活塞、连杆和曲轴三大构件准静态三维应力场分布及应变。通过对计算结果的分析,对构件的强度进行了评价,并提出了改进措施与建议。
在静态有限元分析的基础上,通过定义构件间的连接关系,建立了曲柄连杆机构多体动力学仿真模型。通过数值模拟,获得了曲柄连杆机构三维瞬态应力场分布及应变。选取部分曲轴转角下的应力分布云图与静力学计算结果进行对比,分析两者之间的差异及产生的原因。分析表明,曲柄连杆机构动力学仿真计算结果更为合理,更接近于实际情况。
The characteristics and reliability of engine is directly affected by the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, which is therefore one of the most important mechanisms in engine. With the development towards higher speed, larger power, and heavier load, the working environment of internal combustion engine is getting increasingly bad. The dynamic characteristics of crankshaft connecting rod mechanism should be studied to analyze the kinetics, interactive force, and stress distribution and deformation of moving components, which will provide valuable reference data for the design and optimization of engine component structure.
CUB100 engine was studied in this thesis, and the changing pattern of cylinder pressure with crankshaft angle was tested under rated working condition. The three dimensional(3-D) finite element models of piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft were established respectively based on static analysis, and meanwhile, the 3-D quasistatic stress distribution and deformation were calculated by numerical simulation. As demonstrated by the calculation result, the strength of mechanism was evaluated and improvement advice was proposed.
The static simulation model of crankshaft connecting rod mechanism was established by defining the connecting relationship of component on the basis of static finite element analysis, and the 3-D transient stress distribution and deformation was obtained by numerical simulation. The cloud picture of stress distribution and static calculation under selected crankshaft angles were compared to analyze the difference and cause. As indicated by the analysis result, the dynamic simulation was more reasonable and accurate than static simulation.
本文以CUB100发动机为研究对象,通过实验的方法测取了标定工况下缸内压力随曲轴转角的变化规律。在此基础上,从静力学角度出发,分别建立了CUB100发动机活塞、连杆和曲轴三维有限元分析模型。通过数值模拟方法,求解了活塞、连杆和曲轴三大构件准静态三维应力场分布及应变。通过对计算结果的分析,对构件的强度进行了评价,并提出了改进措施与建议。
在静态有限元分析的基础上,通过定义构件间的连接关系,建立了曲柄连杆机构多体动力学仿真模型。通过数值模拟,获得了曲柄连杆机构三维瞬态应力场分布及应变。选取部分曲轴转角下的应力分布云图与静力学计算结果进行对比,分析两者之间的差异及产生的原因。分析表明,曲柄连杆机构动力学仿真计算结果更为合理,更接近于实际情况。
The characteristics and reliability of engine is directly affected by the crankshaft connecting rod mechanism, which is therefore one of the most important mechanisms in engine. With the development towards higher speed, larger power, and heavier load, the working environment of internal combustion engine is getting increasingly bad. The dynamic characteristics of crankshaft connecting rod mechanism should be studied to analyze the kinetics, interactive force, and stress distribution and deformation of moving components, which will provide valuable reference data for the design and optimization of engine component structure.
CUB100 engine was studied in this thesis, and the changing pattern of cylinder pressure with crankshaft angle was tested under rated working condition. The three dimensional(3-D) finite element models of piston, connecting rod, and crankshaft were established respectively based on static analysis, and meanwhile, the 3-D quasistatic stress distribution and deformation were calculated by numerical simulation. As demonstrated by the calculation result, the strength of mechanism was evaluated and improvement advice was proposed.
The static simulation model of crankshaft connecting rod mechanism was established by defining the connecting relationship of component on the basis of static finite element analysis, and the 3-D transient stress distribution and deformation was obtained by numerical simulation. The cloud picture of stress distribution and static calculation under selected crankshaft angles were compared to analyze the difference and cause. As indicated by the analysis result, the dynamic simulation was more reasonable and accurate than static simulation.
引文
[1]刘永长.内燃机原理.华中科技大学出版社,2001
[2]赵丽英.内燃机曲柄连杆机构动力学研究.天津大学硕士论文,2004:1-8
[3]杨基厚.机构运动学与动力学.北京机械工业出版社,1987
[4] Akin JE.Computer-Assisted Mechanical Design. New Jersey:Bentice-Hall,1992
[5]江见鲸,何放龙灯.有限元法及其应用.机械工业出版社,2006
[6]杨咸启,李晓玲.现代有限元理论技术与工程应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2007:10-15
[7] Livesley,R.K. finite elements:an introduction for engineers, Cambridge University Press,1983
[8]许超,汤文成等.计算机辅助设计.南京:东南大学出版社,1999
[9] Ravindra Prasad,Samria N K. Transient heat transfer analysis in an internal combustion engine piston, computers &structures,1990,34(5):787~793
[10]叶元烈.机械优化理论与设计.北京-中国计量出版社,2001
[11] Nishio.S,Igarashi M. Investigation of car body structural optimization method. IntJ of Vehicle Design.1995,11(2)
[12]叶奇,孙鹏文,张敏等.发动机曲柄连杆机构多体动力学建模的若干问题.机电工程,2007(12) 52-54
[13]傅园松,490发动机连杆组件非线性接触有限元分析.山东内燃机,2001(6) :18-20
[14]刘晓红,蒋炎坤,房志军,叶晓明.基于弹性接触理论的连杆有限元分析.武汉理工大学学报,2007(3) 108-120
[15]宋晋宇,梁莎莉,曲晓萍等.柴油机连杆有限元接触分析算法的探讨,柴油机,2005(5) 26-29
[16] Goenka P K,Oh K P.An Optimum Connecting Rod Design Study a Lubrication Viewpoint.Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology,1986(108):487~496
[17] Kumar G A.Modal Analysis of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication: a Connecting Rod Application.Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology,1990(112):524~534
[18] Rakopoulos C D, Mavropoulos G C,.Study of the steady and transient temperaturefield and heat flow and heat flow in the combustion chamber components of a medium speed diesel engine using finite element analyses. international journal of energy research, 1996,20: 437~464
[19] Jeffrey M. Steele.Applied Finite Element Modeling [ M ]. New York: Eastman Kodak Company Rochester,1989.
[20]薛明德,丁宏伟,王利华等.柴油机活塞的温度场、热变形与应力三维有限元分析.兵工学报,2001(1)11-14
[21]戴旭东等.内燃机系统动力学与油膜动力润滑的耦合分析.西安交通大学学报,2003(1)56-59
[22]王明武,崔毅.摄动随机有限元法分析连杆应力.内燃机学报,1998(2) 226-228
[23]丁彦闯,牛天兰,吴昌华等.柴油机曲轴整体三维应力精细分析.内燃机工程,1999(4):32～36
[24]刘扬,刘巨保等.有限元分析及应用.中国电力出版社,2008
[25]金先龙,李渊印.结构动力学并行计算方法及应用.国防工业出版社,2008
[26]郑启福.内燃机动力学.国防工业出版社,1991:1-15
[27]王丽萍,张建亭等.柴油机连杆转动惯量的计算分析.机械工程与自动化,2004(4) :36-38
[28]杜平安.有限元网格划分的基本原则.机械设计与制造.2000(1) :34-36
[29]杜平安.结构有限元分析建模方法.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[30]陈永东,钟绍华.内燃机活塞的有限元分析.轻型汽车技术,2006(11) :22-23
[31]董小瑞,张翼高速汽油机活塞有限元分析内燃机,2004(5) 9-11
[32]张继春,杨建国等.基于Pro/MECHANICA的活塞有限元分析.机械工程师,2006(1) :56-56
[33]谈卓君等.内燃机连杆有限元分析进展.中国机械工程.2004(4) 365-367
[34]马迅,王有智.EQ368发动机连杆的三维有限元分析.汽车研究与开发,1995(5):10-12
[35]邓兆祥,胡玉梅等.N485柴油机连杆静强度有限元分析.内燃机,2001(6):11-13
[36]张继春,李兴虎.基于有限元的连杆优化设计.拖拉机与农用运输车,2006(1) :27-29
[37]程峰.2108柴油机连杆的三维有限元分析.拖拉机与农用运输车,2003(3) :33-34
[38]柯俊峰.1.3L轿车汽油机曲轴强度分析.上海交通大学硕士论文,2007:29-31
[39]王亚双,王凤岐等.基于ANSYS的JZH25型均质机曲轴的应力分析.华北航天工业学院学报,2005(4) :20-23
[40]薛远,蓝军,张殿昌.柴油机曲轴应力状态的计算与分析.天津大学学报,1998(6) :761-764
[41]吴楠,廖日东等.柴油机曲柄连杆机构多体动力学仿真分析.内燃机工程,2005(5) :69-71
[42]徐玉梁,付光琦.基于虚拟方法的发动机曲柄连杆机构优化设计.机械科学与技术,2008(1) :88-91
[43] Aitken M B. McCallion H.Elastohydrodynamic Lu-brication of Big-End Bearing.Proc. Instr. Mech.Engrs.,1991(205):99~119
[44] Bonneau D,Guines D,Frêne J.EHD Analysis of Connecting-Rod Bearings Including Inertia Effects and a Flow Conserving Cavitation. Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology,1994(110):21~36
[45] Fantino B, Frene J. Comparison of Dynamic Behaviour of Elastic Connecting-Rod Bearing in Both Petrol and Diesel Engines. Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology, 1985(107):87~91
[2]赵丽英.内燃机曲柄连杆机构动力学研究.天津大学硕士论文,2004:1-8
[3]杨基厚.机构运动学与动力学.北京机械工业出版社,1987
[4] Akin JE.Computer-Assisted Mechanical Design. New Jersey:Bentice-Hall,1992
[5]江见鲸,何放龙灯.有限元法及其应用.机械工业出版社,2006
[6]杨咸启,李晓玲.现代有限元理论技术与工程应用.北京航空航天大学出版社,2007:10-15
[7] Livesley,R.K. finite elements:an introduction for engineers, Cambridge University Press,1983
[8]许超,汤文成等.计算机辅助设计.南京:东南大学出版社,1999
[9] Ravindra Prasad,Samria N K. Transient heat transfer analysis in an internal combustion engine piston, computers &structures,1990,34(5):787~793
[10]叶元烈.机械优化理论与设计.北京-中国计量出版社,2001
[11] Nishio.S,Igarashi M. Investigation of car body structural optimization method. IntJ of Vehicle Design.1995,11(2)
[12]叶奇,孙鹏文,张敏等.发动机曲柄连杆机构多体动力学建模的若干问题.机电工程,2007(12) 52-54
[13]傅园松,490发动机连杆组件非线性接触有限元分析.山东内燃机,2001(6) :18-20
[14]刘晓红,蒋炎坤,房志军,叶晓明.基于弹性接触理论的连杆有限元分析.武汉理工大学学报,2007(3) 108-120
[15]宋晋宇,梁莎莉,曲晓萍等.柴油机连杆有限元接触分析算法的探讨,柴油机,2005(5) 26-29
[16] Goenka P K,Oh K P.An Optimum Connecting Rod Design Study a Lubrication Viewpoint.Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology,1986(108):487~496
[17] Kumar G A.Modal Analysis of Elastohydrodynamic Lubrication: a Connecting Rod Application.Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology,1990(112):524~534
[18] Rakopoulos C D, Mavropoulos G C,.Study of the steady and transient temperaturefield and heat flow and heat flow in the combustion chamber components of a medium speed diesel engine using finite element analyses. international journal of energy research, 1996,20: 437~464
[19] Jeffrey M. Steele.Applied Finite Element Modeling [ M ]. New York: Eastman Kodak Company Rochester,1989.
[20]薛明德,丁宏伟,王利华等.柴油机活塞的温度场、热变形与应力三维有限元分析.兵工学报,2001(1)11-14
[21]戴旭东等.内燃机系统动力学与油膜动力润滑的耦合分析.西安交通大学学报,2003(1)56-59
[22]王明武,崔毅.摄动随机有限元法分析连杆应力.内燃机学报,1998(2) 226-228
[23]丁彦闯,牛天兰,吴昌华等.柴油机曲轴整体三维应力精细分析.内燃机工程,1999(4):32～36
[24]刘扬,刘巨保等.有限元分析及应用.中国电力出版社,2008
[25]金先龙,李渊印.结构动力学并行计算方法及应用.国防工业出版社,2008
[26]郑启福.内燃机动力学.国防工业出版社,1991:1-15
[27]王丽萍,张建亭等.柴油机连杆转动惯量的计算分析.机械工程与自动化,2004(4) :36-38
[28]杜平安.有限元网格划分的基本原则.机械设计与制造.2000(1) :34-36
[29]杜平安.结构有限元分析建模方法.北京:机械工业出版社,1998
[30]陈永东,钟绍华.内燃机活塞的有限元分析.轻型汽车技术,2006(11) :22-23
[31]董小瑞,张翼高速汽油机活塞有限元分析内燃机,2004(5) 9-11
[32]张继春,杨建国等.基于Pro/MECHANICA的活塞有限元分析.机械工程师,2006(1) :56-56
[33]谈卓君等.内燃机连杆有限元分析进展.中国机械工程.2004(4) 365-367
[34]马迅,王有智.EQ368发动机连杆的三维有限元分析.汽车研究与开发,1995(5):10-12
[35]邓兆祥,胡玉梅等.N485柴油机连杆静强度有限元分析.内燃机,2001(6):11-13
[36]张继春,李兴虎.基于有限元的连杆优化设计.拖拉机与农用运输车,2006(1) :27-29
[37]程峰.2108柴油机连杆的三维有限元分析.拖拉机与农用运输车,2003(3) :33-34
[38]柯俊峰.1.3L轿车汽油机曲轴强度分析.上海交通大学硕士论文,2007:29-31
[39]王亚双,王凤岐等.基于ANSYS的JZH25型均质机曲轴的应力分析.华北航天工业学院学报,2005(4) :20-23
[40]薛远,蓝军,张殿昌.柴油机曲轴应力状态的计算与分析.天津大学学报,1998(6) :761-764
[41]吴楠,廖日东等.柴油机曲柄连杆机构多体动力学仿真分析.内燃机工程,2005(5) :69-71
[42]徐玉梁,付光琦.基于虚拟方法的发动机曲柄连杆机构优化设计.机械科学与技术,2008(1) :88-91
[43] Aitken M B. McCallion H.Elastohydrodynamic Lu-brication of Big-End Bearing.Proc. Instr. Mech.Engrs.,1991(205):99~119
[44] Bonneau D,Guines D,Frêne J.EHD Analysis of Connecting-Rod Bearings Including Inertia Effects and a Flow Conserving Cavitation. Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology,1994(110):21~36
[45] Fantino B, Frene J. Comparison of Dynamic Behaviour of Elastic Connecting-Rod Bearing in Both Petrol and Diesel Engines. Transactions of the ASME,Journal of Tribology, 1985(107):87~91