光周期调控‘白天鹅’松果菊开花的初步研究
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摘要
‘白天鹅'松果菊(Echinacea purpure‘White Swan')是一种优良的切花品种,其花瓣为白色,并常带浅绿色,株型较大。为更好的满足生产消费的需求,有必要对其进行花期调控。采用光周期调控具有简便、无公害的特点,通过单向迁光对‘白天鹅'松果菊光周期特性进行量化分析,从而为直接指导大规模的生产提供理论依据。
本研究的主要结果如下:
①‘白天鹅'松果菊是一种短—长日植物。短日照下“白天鹅”松果菊植株较矮、株幅较小;长日照下植株较高、株幅较大。相对于长日照,短日照下植株开花较早,表明对于‘白天鹅'松果菊开花来说,短日照诱导比长日照诱导对其影响更大。
②分别以真叶数和出苗后周数为依据,采用迁光的方法测得:短日照诱导在10～11片真叶期结束。以出苗后周数为依据进行迁光,简化了试验研究的过程;辅以真叶数的观测,为生产提供了可靠的参数。
⑧将‘白天鹅'松果菊的花芽分化过程划分为8个时期:营养生长前期、营养生长后期、花序原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、舌状花原基分化期、筒状花原基分化期、筒状花花冠和雄蕊原基分化期、筒状花雌蕊原基分化期。在自然条件下,‘白天鹅'松果菊花芽分化的反应始于8片真叶期,即处于花序原基分化期;完成短日照诱导的时期在10～11片真叶期。
④‘白天鹅'松果菊的出苗后周数、真叶数、株幅与花芽分化时期存在极显著的线性相关,其回归方程依次为出苗后周数:y=0.5393x-2.9482(R~2=0.9441)、真叶数:y=0.6966x-2.4063(R~2=0.908)、株幅:y=0.2362x-0.9063(R~2=0.7466)。数据分析可以看出:对光周期反应越敏感的指标,与花芽分化时期的相关性也越大;数据推导可以得出:短日照对‘白天鹅'松果菊的开花诱导,主要作用于花序原基分化期至筒状花原基分化期;长日照对‘白天鹅'松果菊的开花诱导主要作用于筒状花原基分化期至筒状花雌蕊原基分化期。
Echinacea purpure 'White Swan' is one of the most excellent cut flower in garden.The color of petals is white and is frequently tinged with green.It has larger plant type.Flowering control is necessary to meet the floriculture and consumption,in which manipulating photoperiod is easy and whithout environmental pollution.A quantitative undersdanding of photoperiod on Echinacea purpure 'White Swan' could be directly used in guiding mass cultivation.
The results are as follows:
①Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'is a short-long-day plant.The plant tended to have an uptight habit with incease in height and crown diameter under long days and a compact habit with low height under short days.But the plant flowering is earier under short days than the plant's under long days.Accordingly,long days is more important than short days for flowering of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'.
②Transferring plants between SD and LD according to leaf number or growing weeks of seeding,it is concluded that the short days induced phase of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' ended at 10～11 leaf stage.The process study is simplified by light transferring resting on growing weeks of seeding,simultaneously,a reliable parameter for floriculture is provided by observation on leaf number.
③The flower bud differentiation process of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' could be divided into 8 phases:Vegetative growth prophase,Vegetative growth anaphase, Inflorescence primordium differentiation phase,bract differentiation phase,Ligulate flower primordium differentiation phase,Tubular flower primordium differentiation phase,Tubular flower stamen primordium differentiation phase,Tubular flower pistil primordium differentiation phase.The reponse of flower bud differentiation of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' to photoperiod started at 8 leaf stage,which is at Inflorescence primordium differentiation phase.The end of the short days induced is at 10～11 leaf stage,which is at Lingulate flower primordirum differentiation phase.
④Significant linear relationships existed between growing weeks of seedling、leaf number and crown diameter of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' and its flower bud differentiation phase,the regression equations are as follows:y=0.5393x-2.9482 (growing weeks of seeding;R~2=0.9441),y=0.6966x-2.4063(leaf number;R~2=0.908), y=0.2362x-0.9063(crown diameter;R~2=0.7466)。It indicates that the more sensitive of growth characteristics to photoperiod,the more significant relationship between growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation phase.It could be drawn that it was from Inflorescence primordirum differentiation phase to Tubular flower primordirum differentiation phase that Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' accepted the floral induction by short days;and it was from Tubular flower primordirum differentiation phase to Pistil of thbular flower primordirum differentiation phase accepted the floral induction by long days.
本研究的主要结果如下:
①‘白天鹅'松果菊是一种短—长日植物。短日照下“白天鹅”松果菊植株较矮、株幅较小;长日照下植株较高、株幅较大。相对于长日照,短日照下植株开花较早,表明对于‘白天鹅'松果菊开花来说,短日照诱导比长日照诱导对其影响更大。
②分别以真叶数和出苗后周数为依据,采用迁光的方法测得:短日照诱导在10～11片真叶期结束。以出苗后周数为依据进行迁光,简化了试验研究的过程;辅以真叶数的观测,为生产提供了可靠的参数。
⑧将‘白天鹅'松果菊的花芽分化过程划分为8个时期:营养生长前期、营养生长后期、花序原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、舌状花原基分化期、筒状花原基分化期、筒状花花冠和雄蕊原基分化期、筒状花雌蕊原基分化期。在自然条件下,‘白天鹅'松果菊花芽分化的反应始于8片真叶期,即处于花序原基分化期;完成短日照诱导的时期在10～11片真叶期。
④‘白天鹅'松果菊的出苗后周数、真叶数、株幅与花芽分化时期存在极显著的线性相关,其回归方程依次为出苗后周数:y=0.5393x-2.9482(R~2=0.9441)、真叶数:y=0.6966x-2.4063(R~2=0.908)、株幅:y=0.2362x-0.9063(R~2=0.7466)。数据分析可以看出:对光周期反应越敏感的指标,与花芽分化时期的相关性也越大;数据推导可以得出:短日照对‘白天鹅'松果菊的开花诱导,主要作用于花序原基分化期至筒状花原基分化期;长日照对‘白天鹅'松果菊的开花诱导主要作用于筒状花原基分化期至筒状花雌蕊原基分化期。
Echinacea purpure 'White Swan' is one of the most excellent cut flower in garden.The color of petals is white and is frequently tinged with green.It has larger plant type.Flowering control is necessary to meet the floriculture and consumption,in which manipulating photoperiod is easy and whithout environmental pollution.A quantitative undersdanding of photoperiod on Echinacea purpure 'White Swan' could be directly used in guiding mass cultivation.
The results are as follows:
①Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'is a short-long-day plant.The plant tended to have an uptight habit with incease in height and crown diameter under long days and a compact habit with low height under short days.But the plant flowering is earier under short days than the plant's under long days.Accordingly,long days is more important than short days for flowering of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan'.
②Transferring plants between SD and LD according to leaf number or growing weeks of seeding,it is concluded that the short days induced phase of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' ended at 10～11 leaf stage.The process study is simplified by light transferring resting on growing weeks of seeding,simultaneously,a reliable parameter for floriculture is provided by observation on leaf number.
③The flower bud differentiation process of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' could be divided into 8 phases:Vegetative growth prophase,Vegetative growth anaphase, Inflorescence primordium differentiation phase,bract differentiation phase,Ligulate flower primordium differentiation phase,Tubular flower primordium differentiation phase,Tubular flower stamen primordium differentiation phase,Tubular flower pistil primordium differentiation phase.The reponse of flower bud differentiation of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' to photoperiod started at 8 leaf stage,which is at Inflorescence primordium differentiation phase.The end of the short days induced is at 10～11 leaf stage,which is at Lingulate flower primordirum differentiation phase.
④Significant linear relationships existed between growing weeks of seedling、leaf number and crown diameter of Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' and its flower bud differentiation phase,the regression equations are as follows:y=0.5393x-2.9482 (growing weeks of seeding;R~2=0.9441),y=0.6966x-2.4063(leaf number;R~2=0.908), y=0.2362x-0.9063(crown diameter;R~2=0.7466)。It indicates that the more sensitive of growth characteristics to photoperiod,the more significant relationship between growth characteristics and flower bud differentiation phase.It could be drawn that it was from Inflorescence primordirum differentiation phase to Tubular flower primordirum differentiation phase that Echinacea purpurea 'White Swan' accepted the floral induction by short days;and it was from Tubular flower primordirum differentiation phase to Pistil of thbular flower primordirum differentiation phase accepted the floral induction by long days.
引文
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