中药系列制剂治疗CGI的临床与实验研究
详细信息    本馆镜像全文|  推荐本文 |  |   获取CNKI官网全文
摘要
非淋菌性尿道炎(Nongonococcal Urethritis,NGU)是由淋病奈瑟氏菌以外的其它病原体引起的尿道炎,是一种性传播疾病(Sexually transmitted diseases,STDs),可伴有其它多种合并症。本研究旨在通过一系列相关临床、实验研究,初步探讨系列制剂——中药尿路清合剂及妇阴康洁栓剂对CT感染NGU(又被称作CGl)的作用机理,从多方面,多角度为中医药治疗本病提供理论依据。
     非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)是目前性传播疾病中最常见的一种,国外报道其发病率不断增高,有的西方国家已高居性病第一位。目前,随着性观念的改变,对外交流的加强,人员流动性增加以及检验水平的不断提高,NGU的检出率在我国也出呈现出明显的上升趋势。NGU主要由与带有病原菌者性接触而传染。其病原体可有上述的沙眼衣原体(23%--55%),解脲支原体(20%--40%),还可有滴虫(2%--5%)、白念珠菌、包皮杆菌以及罕见的HSV、兰氏鞭毛虫等。其中随着研究的深入和检测水平的不断提高,对沙眼衣原体的认识取得了很大进展。
     中医认为CT感染的NGU属于中医淋症、白浊范畴,发病主要与房事不洁,外感湿热毒邪,侵犯下焦,膀胱气化失司,水道不利有关;病程日久则与久淋体虚,劳伤过度,以致脾肾亏虚,膀胱气化无权,湿邪久恋有关。中西医对本病均有较多治疗方法,但其中西药的疗效虽高,也存在耐药菌株增加,复发率高,药物副作用大等问题。
     本文在复习了中、西医对NGU认识的基础上,结合导师——广东省名中医禤国维教授诊治该病的临床经验,研制纯中药制剂尿路清合剂,并且制成了阴道栓剂——妇阴康洁,通过实验研究初步探索其抗CT作用和其他一些相关的作用机制,为其进一步研究、应用提供一定的科学依据。
     从治疗的角度讲,过去人们对Ct的抗药研究甚少,一直认为Ct对抗生素敏感,把造成Ct感染迁延、持续的主要原因归结为其发病过程隐匿,不易被发现所致,一旦确诊,Ct对抗生素治疗的反应良好,即可及时清除;然而,在临床实践中Ct的清除率并不令人满意,有些经长期Ct的治疗随诊发现即使是在多次系统的抗Ct治疗后,仍有很高的阳性检出率,部分Ct顽固难治已经是客观事实,对于迁延难愈者,目前尚无明确有效的治疗方案。在治疗方案的选择上,国内外的研究认为,衣原体泌尿生殖道感染的治疗仍以抗生素为主,其中又以四环素类药物为首选,红霉素和阿奇霉素可作为选择用药,某些喹诺酮类药物也具有较好的抗沙眼衣原体作用,对于NGU初发的病人,国内外存在一些不同的具体治疗方案。而对于复发性或持续性NGU病例尚无有效的治疗方案,只是存在一些推荐方案。
     非淋菌性尿道炎为临床常见病,多发病,临床危害性较大。很多学者对此也进行了较广泛而深入的研究,但就总体而言,这些研究均缺乏实验研究和临床研究的
    
    系统性结合,而且目前临床应用专治此病的中药栓剂未见有报道,因此我们根据临
    床经验和传统的中医药理论,发挥中医优势,并结合现代医药学技术,按照新的中
    药制剂研制要求,研制具有清热解毒、燥湿止痒之功效的中药复力治疗女性泌尿生
    殖系CT感染,并在口服汤剂、合剂己经取得良好疗效的基础上,改变剂型,开发治
    疗女性泌尿生殖系CT感染的新剂型—一、妇阴康洁。栓剂,必将对STD防治和社会
    公共健康产生深远的社会意义。
     中药栓剂在发挥局部治疗作用可显示出作用迅速、能有效控制症状等诸多优点,
    栓剂在给药时,药物从栓剂中释放后,可以直接进入粘膜,抑制衣原体的生长、繁
    殖。因此运用传统中医理论,结合现代先进中药制剂技术制备易被患者接受,疗效
    肯定,副作用少,复发率低,有针对性,使用方便的治疗女性泌尿生殖系CT感染的
    中药制剂—一、妇阴康洁。栓剂,将产生良好的社会效益和经济效益。
     尿路清以甘淡利尿,清热解毒的白花蛇舌草为君,全方由多个药对组成,共奏
    清热解毒、补肾通淋,健脾化浊之功,且具备攻补兼施,阴阳双补等配伍特点。现
    代药理研究也充分证实了组方中的各单味药具有显著的抑菌,提高机体免疫功能等
    作用。而妇阴康洁栓则有清热解毒、燥湿止痒的作用,在临床上应用有良好的疗效。
     针对女性下生殖道的某些病变,治疗多有内服、外用两种给药方式,但根据其
    发病特点,医学界认为外用制剂有其不可替代的优越性。目前常用的妇科外用制剂
    有洗剂、糊剂、散剂、栓剂等,但使用起来也有诸多不便,如有的因选择基质不当
    使药物在体温状态下熔化而造成流失和污染衣物;有的使用不便,有的则停留时间
    短,难以充分发挥药效。女性CGI在成为严重危害妇女身心健康疾病的同时,也亟
    须医学工作者开发研制出针对性强,使用方便、高效、无刺激,能自洁内环境,不
    污染衣物的新的外用制剂。通过检索,我们发现:在中药提取后制成栓剂,并开展
    其治疗女性泌尿生殖系沙眼衣原体感染的实验研究与临床研究,使之系统性结合的
    研究工作,亦未见报道。针对此空白,我们主要对药材进行提取、浓缩后和基质混
    合制备栓剂,然后进行稳定性试验,制订出栓剂的质量标准,进行质量检查,并进
    行和释放度研究和药效学研究(包括抗炎试验、抑菌试?
The main experimental parts of this dissertation were carried out in The second affliated hospital of Guangzhou University of TCM, the school of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of TCM, and Foshan medical school during the years 1999-2002.
    I wish to express my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Professor Guo-wei XUAN, for his continuous interest most valuable help, support,comments and tireless encouragement throughout this work.
    Special thanks are due to Da-Can CFIEN, for his constructive discussion and advice, pleasant cooperation, and for his most valuable help, which made life easier.
    I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to Professor Zhaoshen HUANG, the head of the school of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of TCM . I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to the teachers of The affiliated hospital of Foshan medical school, for their providing excellent research facilities.
    I am especially grateful to Bao-jian Fan, Ji-wen Zhao, Ning wang from Department of epidemiology, Medical college of DongNan University, for their most valuable help in a variety of aspects, and for their supports, comments and enjoyable cooperation throughout this work.
    I also owe my thanks to Anping Yang, for his most valuable helps, fruitful discussion and cooperation, and for his introducing me to the field of Chinese material medica.
    Sincere thanks are due to all the personnel staff and colleagues at Dermatology Department of Guangdong provincial T.C.M hospital, for creating a friendly and helpful working atmosphere. I also wish to extend my warm thanks to all the people at Guangdong provincial T.CM. hospital ,who have helped me in various aspects.
    I would like to express my deepest thanks to my parents and my brother, my sister for their everlasting love, understanding, support and encouragement they have given me in my life.
    
    
    Clinical And Experimental Studies On Niaoluqing And FuyinkangjieTreating
    Nongonococcal
    Urethritis(cervicitis) Caused By CT ABSTRACT
    Part I General Introduction
    Nongonococcal urethritis(NGU) is a kind of venereal disease, which is caused by C. Trachomatis(CT),U. Urealyticum(Uu),M. Hominis (Mh), herpes simplex virus II
    ( Hsv2) Candida(Cd), T. Vaginalis (Tv) and other agents. Among them,CT is known
    as an important pathogenic factor, and was transmitted through sexual intercourse. Men complain of dysuria and mucoid or mucopurulent urethral discharge, vaginal discharge is perhaps the most common complaint of women. NGU caused by CT has a double importance:first, as a disease which affects the patient locally and generally, by causing fertil and steril ,it may ascend to endometrium and fallopian tubes, by causing salpingitis and other complications; secondly; by causing neonatal pneumonia, or by affecting the child with neonatal infection.
    Up to 50%of cases of nonspecific urethritis are caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydiae are bacterica which require living cell (cell culture) for cultivation. They can be the primary cause of a chronic urethritis or be a concomitant infection in other types of urethritis (especially gonorrhea). Since Halberstadter and von Prowazek, this urethritis has been described as inclusion blennorrhea because inclusion bodies are detectable microscopically in epithelial cells affected by the pathogen on staining with Giemsa. The incubation time may be 4 days to 1 month, and the inflammation is usually limited to the anterior urethra.
    The chlamydiae can be detected in urethral smears using monoclonal antibodies and fluorescence microscopy. Kits for routine investigations are available Definite proof of Chlamydia trachomatis is based on culture of the organisms on McCoys cells in specialized laboratories and identification using iodine or Giemsa stain or fluorescence-labeled monoclonal antibodies.
    Tetracycline HCL SOOmg orally 4 times daily, doxycycline lOOmg orally twice daily, or erythromycin SOOmg 4 times daily; all for days.
    
    NGU is a part of stranguria with turbid urine (a syndrome marked by dif
引文
[1] 李长玲、吕建进、刘永坤等。51369例性传播疾病分析,中国皮肤性病学杂志1997;11(3):164。
    [2] 赵季文 淋病患者中支原体和衣原体感染频率的初步血清学调查 中华流行病学杂志 1991;12(12):269。
    [3] 吴志华主编 现代性病学、广州·广东人民出版社,1996,130。
    [4] 李宏军、郝丽、王彦等,生殖道支原体感染与精索静脉曲张不育关系的探讨,临床泌尿外科杂志 1997;12(3):131~134。
    [5] 禤国维,范瑞强,尹玉贞等。皮肤性病中医治疗全书,广州:广东科技出版社,1996,406~409。
    [6] 龚长根 解毒克淋汤治疗非菌性尿道炎的临床观察 新中医1994;26(2):46。
    [7] 邓光远,通淋解毒汤治疗非淋菌性尿道炎165例临床观察,吉林中医药,1995(5):11。
    [8] 周亦农 尿炎康合剂治疗 男性非淋菌性尿道炎临床研究 新中医1997;29(5):38。
    [9] 廖元兴 四种方法治疗支原体感染对比观察,临床皮肤科杂志 1992;21(1) 22。
    [10] 叶燕萍 蚤休粉治疗女性生殖道、衣原体感染的初步研究——附80例分析,实用中西医结合杂志,1996,9(4):226。
    [11] 王侃 针灸治疗非淋菌性尿道炎405例临床观察,中国针灸1991;(5):7。
    [12] 范桂滨 针刺治疗非淋菌性尿道炎36例,上海针灸杂志,1997;16(5):23。
    [13] 王荷英、施美琴、叶顺章等。172株解脲支原体的血清学分型研究 中华皮肤科杂志 1998,31(4):224~226。
    [14] 李代全 中西医治疗非淋菌性尿道炎,云南中医杂志,1994,15(3):23
    [15] Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Recommendations for the prevention and management of Chlamydia trachomatis infections. MMWR, 1993; 42(RR-12), 1
    [16] Webster L. A., Greenspan J. R., Nakashima A. K., and Johnson R. E. An evaluation of surveillance for Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the United States, 1987~1991. MMWR, 1993. 21-42
    
    
    [17] Koroku M., Kumamoto Y. Hirose T., Nishiura M., Sato T., Hayashi K., Tsukamoto T., Minami K., and Yoshio H. Epidemiologic study of Chlamydia trachomatis infection in pregnant women. Sex Trans. Dis. 1994; 21:329
    [18] Garland S. M., Gertig D. M., and Mc Innes J. A. Genital Chlaydia trachomatis infection in Australia, Med. J. Aust., 1993; 159:90
    [19] 徐文严.性传播疾病预防与治疗.第一版.上海:第二军医大学出版社,2001:3—4.
    [20] 宋韬、熊帮义.武汉地区性病高危人群沙眼衣原体和解脲支原体感染的检测.临床皮肤科杂志,1996,25(1):30.
    [21] 郑华 张玲 张福明 长春地区门诊患者沙眼衣原体感染状况的检测报告.中国皮肤性病学杂志,1997,11(5):283—284.
    [22] Biro FM, Rosenthal SL. Gonococcal and chlamydial genitourinary infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic adolescent women. Clin pediatr. 1995, 34(8):419-423.
    [23] 马逸聪,张兴良,涂耀顺等。应用聚合酶链对四种性传播疾病病原体的检测 中国皮肤性病学杂志,1996,10(2):90—91
    [24] Humphreys J. F., Henneberry J. F., Rickard R. S. Cost-benefit analysis of selective screening for Chlamydia trachomatis infection attending Colorado family planning clinics. Sex. Trans. Dis, 2001; 19: 49
    [25] Weinstock H. S., Bolan G. A., Kohn R. Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women: a need for universal screening in high prevalence populations? Am. J. Epidemiol., 1991; 41: 35
    [26] Scholes D., Stergachis A., Heridrich F. E. Prevention of pelvic inflammatory disease by screening for cervical chlamydial infection. N. Engl. J. Med 1996; 334:1362
    [27] Lan J, Walboomers JMM, Roosendaal R. Direct detection and genotying of chlamydia trachomatis in vervical scrapes by using PCR and restriction fragment length. Polymorphism analysis. J Clin Microbiol, 1993, 31:1060-1065.
    [28] 杨文林,宁波,杨健 性病患者泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体感染和基因分型研究 中华皮肤科杂志 2000,33(3):185。
    [29] 罗宪玲 无症状女性人群及宫颈炎患者泌尿生殖道标本的沙眼衣原体 MOMP 基因分型 中国皮肤性病学杂志,1999,(4):197。
    [30] Lan J, Melgers I, Merjer CJ, etal. Prevalence and serovar distribution of asymptomatic cervival Chalmydia trachomatis infections as determined by highly sensitive PCR. J Clin Microbiol, 1995, 33:3194-3197.
    [31] Pool E, Lamont I. Chlamydia trachomatics, serovar differentiation by direct sequence of the variable segment 4 region of the major outer membrane proterin gene.
    
    Infect Immun, 1992, 60(2): 1089.
    [32] 王千秋,叶顺章 沙眼衣原体的基因分型及其临床意义 中国皮肤科杂志 1998,3(3):156-159.
    [33] Stamm WE, Stevens CE. Association of infecting serovar with Clinical manifestations in Chlamydia trachomatis genital infections in women. Chlamydial infections. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990:303-306.
    [34] Roosendaal R, Walboomers JM. Comparision of different primer sets for detection of chlamydia trachomatis by the polymerase chain reaction. J Med Microbiol, 1993, 38:426-433.
    [35] Braverman PK, Stranburger VC. Sexual transmitted diseases. Clin Pediatr. 1994, 33(1):26-37
    [36] Meares EM Jr. Prostatitis, Med Clin North Am, 1991, 75:405-423
    [37] Palmer HM, Gilory CB. Detection of chlamydia trachomatics by the polymerase chain reaction in swabs and wrine from men with non-gonococcal urethritis. J Clin Pathol, 2000, 44:321-325.
    [38] Paavonen J. Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in the female. J. Infect, 1992, 25(1):39.
    [39] 齐晓梅 沙眼衣原体与女性生殖系统的感染 国外医学妇产科学分册,1994,21(6);332—335
    [40] Patton D. L. The role of spermatozoa in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia trachomatis salpingitis in a primate model. Sex Trans. Dis. 1993, 20:214.
    [41] Bass C. A., Junkind D. L. Clinical evaluation of a new polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in endocervical specimens J. Clin Microbiol, 1993, 31:2648.
    [42] 江森 女性生殖系统炎症病原体的变迁 中国实用妇科与产科杂志1998,14(6):341—342.
    [43] Moncada J Evaluation of Syva's enzyme immunoassay for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis in urogenital specimens, Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 1992, 15:663.
    [44] Thomas B. J. Limited value of two widely used enzyme immuoassays for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in women. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol, 1994, 13:651.
    [45] Olsen MA. and Sambol A. R. Confirmation of positive results for chlamydial antigen by the chlamydiazyme assay, value of repeated testing a blocking antibody assay. J. Clin Microbiol 1993, 31: 1892.
    [46] Blanding J, Hirsch L. Comparision of the Clearview Chlamydia, the PACE2 assay, and culture for the detection of chlamydia trachomatis from cervical specimens in a low-prevelence population. J Clin Microbiol 1993, 31:1622.
    
    
    [47] Kluytmans J. A. J. Goessens W. H. F. Improved performance of PACE2 with moditied collection system in combination with probe competition assay for detection of chlamydia trachomatis in urethral specimens from males. J. Clin Microbiol, 1994, 32:568.
    [48] Witkon S. S. Kligman I. Chlamydia trachomatis detected by polymerase chain reaction in cervices of culture -negative women vorrelates with adverse in vitro fertilization outcome. J. Infect Dis, 1995, 171:1657.
    [49] 徐文严.性传播疾病预防与治疗.第一版.上海:第二军医大学出版社,2001, 206.
    [50] Tartaglione TA, Hooton TM. The role of fluroqunolones in sexually transmitted disease. Pharmacotherapy. 1993; 13:189.
    [51] 白桦 佟菊贞 宁波等,泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体对19种抗生素敏感性的研究 中华医学杂志 1995, 75 (1): 11-14
    [52] Biachi A. Comparative study of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal lethal concentration (MLA) values for tetracycline, monocycline, erythromyein, and rokitamycin against eleven strains of chlamydia trachomatis. Pathol Biol, 1991, 35:442.
    [53] Su H, Parnell M. Protective efficacy of a parenterally administered MOMP-derived synthetic oligopeptide vaccine in murine model of Chlamydia trachomatis genital tract infection: serum neutralizing IgG antibodies do not protect against chalmydial genital tract infection. Vaccine, 1995, 13:1023.
    [54] Murdin A. D. Poliovirus hybrids expressing neutralization epitopes from variable domains Ⅰ and Ⅳ of the major outer membrane protein of chlamydia trachomatis elicit broadly cross-reactive C. trachomatis -neutralizing antibodies. Infect. Immun. 1995, 63:1116.
    [55] 王劲松 徐福松 浊清片治疗泌尿生殖系CT感染 男科学报 1999,5(3):180—183。
    [56] 张帆,金权。蚤休散局部用药治疗宫颈衣原体、支原体感染190例 中国中医药科技 1998,5(1):55—56.
    [57] 霍秀勤 翁霞云 李亚里 围产期沙眼衣原体感染及中药治疗的临床观察 中华妇产科杂志 1995,30(8):460。
    [58] 侯庆昌,张繁。抗菌中药体外抗衣原体活性研究 华西医学 1998,13(1):100
    [59] 李建军,涂裕英。泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体清热中药的药敏试验疾病监测1999,14(8):306
    
    
    [60] 汪培土 10种中药抗沙眼衣原体的体外药敏试验 中华皮肤科杂志 2000,33 (3):187
    [61] 毕殿洲 药剂学 第四版 北京:人民卫生出版社,2000:65。
    [62] 孙嘉麟 缓释栓剂专利技术 国外药学—合成药、合成药、生化药,制剂分册,1988,9(5):318.
    [63] 关军 替硝唑阴道海绵栓的研制 辽宁药物与临床 2000,3(1):28—29.
    [64] Lohman BL. Antiviral cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vaginal mucosa of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques Journal of Immunology, 1995; 155(12):5855.
    [65] Witkin. ss. Immunology of the vagina. Clinical Obstet and Gynecol, 1993; 36(1): 122.
    [66] Wira CR. Antigen-presenting cells in the female reprodeceive tract: influence of sex hormones on antigen presentation in the vagina. Immunology, 1995; 84(4):505.
    [67] Mardh PA. The vaginal ecosystem. Am J Obstet and Gynecol, 1991; 165:1163.
    [68] Witkin SS. Immunologic factors influencing susceptibility to recurrent candidal vaginitis clinical obstet and Gynecol. 1993; 63(5): 1163.
    [69] Fidel PL Jr. Mice immunized by primary vaginal canduda albicans infections develop acquired raginal mucosal immunity. Infection and Immunity, 1995; 63(2): 547.
    [70] Whaley KJ. Passive immunization of the vagina protects mice against vaginal transmission of genital herps infection. J Infectious Diseases,1994; 169(3):647.
    [71] Furuta Y. Infection of vaginal and colonic epithelial cells by the human immunodeficiency virus against conserved epitopes in the envelope glycoprotein gp 120. Proceedings of the National Academy of sciences of the United States of America, 1994; 91(26): 12559.
    [72] Haneberg B, Kendall D, Amerongen HM, etal. Indection of sperific immunoglobin A in the small intestine, colon-rectum, and vagina measureed by a new method for collection of secretions from local mucosal surfaces. Infection and Immunity, 1994; 62(1):15.
    [73] Wassen L, Schon K, Holmgren J, etal. Local intravaginal vaccination of the female genital tract. Scandin avian Journal of Immunology, 1996; 44(4):408.
    [74] 乔延江 有效中药复方研究的方法学探讨 北京中医药大学学报,1998,21(5):17—19。
    [75] 冯孝章 重视中药二类新药(有效部位)研究,提高中药新药开发研制水平 中药新药与临床药理,1998,9(3):134—137。
    
    
    [76] 何再安 中药复方栓剂六种基质配方的研究 中成药,1991,(7):8—9。
    [77] 夏锦辉 刘昌孝 固体药物制剂的体外溶出度的统计学评价分析 中国药学杂志 2000,35(2):130。
    [78] Han GY, Chow SC. Dissolution profile comparison versus bioequivalence. Drug Clinical Development and application of statistics, Beijing, 1997(Session Ⅳ): 49.
    [79] 孔颖仑 王义珍 复方甲哨唑栓的制备及应用 中国医院药学杂志1989,9(2):88—89。
    [80] 钱止维 人 2D 型基因工程干扰素治疗宫颈糜烂 中华妇产科杂志1987,22:337。
    [81] 姜淑芬 奥平栓治疗支原件、衣原体感染及慢性宫颈炎的临床现实,实用妇产科学杂志,1998,14(3):163。
    [82] 邱文玉 游泳 益汝栓剂治疗霉菌性阴道炎48例疗效观察 实用妇产科杂志,1995,11(3):158—159。
    [83] 俞荣森 周辉 罗红霉素栓剂的研制及疗效观察 中国药师 2000,3(2):57
    [84] 何兰茜,潘瑜,张永秀 妇炎康栓剂的制备 云南中医学院学报 1999,22(1):24—25。
    [85] Daneshmend TK. Systemic absorption of miconazole from the vagina.J Antimicrob Chemotherapy 1986; 18: 507-511.
    [86] Wallenburg HCS, Wadimiroff JW: Recurrence of vulvovaginal candidosis during pregnancy: Comprison of miconazole vs nystatin treatment Obstet Gynecol 1996, 48: 4912-494.
    [87] U. S. Food and Drug Administration. Medical officer's review of NDA 19-215: Butoconazole nitrate vaginal cream 2%. Rockville, MD: FDA Freedom of Information Staff, 1985.
    [88] 王文忠,王春玉。聚乙醇的性质及在药物制剂中的应用,黑龙江医药,1997,10(2):105—106
    [89] 彭国民 皮肤科制剂手册 北京:人民卫生出版社,1989年第1版:35
    [90] 顾学裘 药物制剂新剂型选编 北京:人民卫生出版社 1990年第1版:50
    [91] 张义明 李绍卿 康妇灵栓治疗阴道炎180例临床研究 山东中医杂志,1992,11(1):12—13。
    [92] 刘喆 岳峰梅 苦参栓的制备及临床应用 中医药信息 1998,6:32
    
    
    [93] 单敬文 马富伟 妇宁栓治疗带下的临床研究 中医药信息 2000,4:50—51
    [94] 蒋俭 江建南 康复灵栓治疗阴道炎56例临床观察 中国民间疗法1997,3:48
    [95] 陈忻 龚慕辛 穆阳,等。愈糜栓抗炎、镇痛作用观察 北京中医 2000,2:51—52。
    [96] 林超岱 治糜灵栓治疗宫颈糜烂的临床与实验研究 中国中医药科技1997,4(3):175。
    [97] 林晓兰 孙秀华 李国庆 三种含大黄栓剂的体外释放度比较 北京中医 1998,2:36—37。
    [98] 王炯 中药栓剂在制备中应注意的几个问题 甘肃中医 2000,4:56。
    [99] 兰福明 赵材梅 妇炎栓制备研究 中药材 1995,17(7):5—6
    [100] 于友华,范斌,谭立,等。宫糜方对金黄色葡萄球菌所致家兔阴道炎治疗作用的实验研究 中国中医基础医学杂志,1998,4(10):36—37。
    [101] 马小菲 袁春芳 治糜灵栓中苦参、黄柏的薄层色谱鉴别 长春中医学院学报 1997,13(6):53。
    [102] 李金花 苏东方 有关妇宁栓外观质量的进一步研究 黑龙江医药1998,11(2):77—78。
    [103] 尹梅 中药栓剂相对置换价的测定与计算 中成药,1997,19(7):7—8
    [104] 李航 李世兰 妇康栓的研制及临床应用 中国医院药学杂志 1989,9(2):88
    [105] 王桂芝 阴炎灵栓剂的制备与应用 青海医药杂志 1998,7(2):20。
    [106] Westrom L Genial chlamydial infection in the female in March PA, Homles kk etal. Elesvler Biomedicial Press, Amsterdam, 1982, 121-139
    [107] Gates W. Sexually transmitted organism and infertility: the proof of the pudding. Sex Transm Dis, 1984, 11:113-116.
    [108] Oriel JD. Genital infection in men. Br Med Bull, 1983, 39; 133-137.
    [109] Polleti F, Medici MC. Isolation of chlamydia trachomatis from the prostatic cells in patients affected by nonacfe abacterial prostatitis, J Urol, 1985, 134:691-693.
    [110] Wentworth BB. Use fo gentamic in the inblation of subgroup A chlamydia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1973, 3:698-702.
    [111] 张宪安 李庆俊 性病诊治与预防 北京:科学技术文献出版社,2000年第一版:126—129.
    
    
    [112] Benes S, Mc Cormark WH. Inhibition of growth of chlamydia trachomatis by Nonexynol 9 in vitro. Antimicrobial Agents Chemcther, 1985, 27:724-726.
    [113] 李建军 深裕英 佟菊贞,等。瞿麦等12味利水中药体外抗泌尿生殖道沙眼衣原体活性检测 中国中药学杂志 2000,25(10):628—630.
    [114] 李少文 清热利湿法治疗衣原体尿道炎120例 湖南中医杂志,1998,14(3):56.
    [115] 李建军 佟菊贞 李亿等.黄连素治疗非淋菌性尿道炎的疗效观察临床皮肤科杂志 1994,23(6):321.
    [116] 廖元兴 李世蒙 王俊杰等 复方六草汤治疗非淋菌性尿道炎的疗效观察 临床皮肤科杂志 1994,23(6):321.
    [117] 童立武 中药黄连治疗沙眼衣原的初步报告 中华眼科杂志 1960,2:113.
    [118] Sabit M. Experimental study of the antitrachoma action of Berberine. Indian J Med Res. 1976, 64, 8:1160
    [119] Talbot H. Romanowski B. Vitro activities of Iomefloxacin, Benicillin, Spectinomycin, and Ceftriaxone against Neisserin gonorrheal and chlamydia trachomatis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1989, 33:2049.
    [120] Ehret JM, Judson F. Susceptibility testing of chlamydia trachomatis: from eggs to monoclonal antibodies. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1988, 32:1295-1299
    [121] 崔建新 王国富 淋Ⅰ号中药的临床疗效 中华皮肤科杂志 1991,24(5);347~348
    [122] 叶顺章 张有木主编 性传播疾病试验诊断手册 广州:广东科技出版社 1991:33
    [123] Joesoef MR, Knapp JS. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Neisseria gonorrhoese strains isolated in Surabaya, Indonesica, Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 1994, 38(11): 2530.
    [124] 吕华冲 李玉冰 陈一岳 八正散抗淋菌球的作用 中药材 1998,21(3):147~148
    [125] 徐林庭 加味八正散治疗淋病性尿道炎32例 浙江中医杂志 1992,(2):59.
    [126] 李月福 加味八正散治疗淋病48例 辽宁中医杂志 1993,(21):37
    [127] 黄伏顺 五淋散加味治疗淋病性尿道炎54例 河南中医 1993,13(4):184
    
    
    [128] 高俊泰 萆薜分清饮治疗淋病 四川中医 1994(10):34
    [129] 全国淋球菌耐药研究协作组 我国部分城市淋球菌对抗菌药物的敏感性测定 中华皮肤科杂志 1990,23(1):37
    [130] 刘晋生 李桂兰 洁阴冲洗剂对阴道炎病原体的实验研究 北京中医杂志 1992,5(1):31
    [131] 孙大锡 王道若 八正散抑制尿道制病性大肠杆菌的菌毛表达和对尿道上皮细胞的粘附的影响 中医杂志 1987,(1):61~62.

© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号

地址:北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编:100083

电话:办公室:(+86 10)66554848;文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新:66554700