玉米秸皮粘胶纤维浆粕仿生预处理工艺和蠕动发酵罐研究
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摘要
本论文研究工作选取玉米秸秆皮为原料,以制备纤维浆粕为研究目标。运用工程仿生学的仿生耦合设计思想,以反刍动物瘤胃及其微生态环境为生物原型,进行了玉米秸皮粘胶纤维浆粕瘤胃微生物共培养预处理工艺研究和蠕动式耦合发酵罐的设计。以瘤胃微生物降解秸秆的机理为生物原型设计了仿生预处理工艺。以瘤胃为生物原型进行了蠕动式耦合发酵罐的仿生耦合设计。设计蠕动性能试验装置,进行了蠕动对抽滤的效果影响试验装置,对蠕动式耦合发酵罐的关键性能及实现技术进行了试验研究。对玉米秸皮预水解硫酸盐法制浆和通过瘤胃直接降解的秸秆制浆进行了对比试验研究,设计了瘤胃微生物共培养预处理玉米秸皮粘胶纤维浆粕工艺。
With the gradual decrease in the oil resources in the world, the petroleum-based industry will necessarily shift to a renewable-based one. Now, the lignocellulose resource is one of the important parts for the biomass resources. Transforming the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin into the renewable energy sources and renewable materials is one of the main development directions in biomass industry in the future, and how it comes true is known as the world-wide problem. The mechanical method is simple but the added value of productions is low. The chemical method is of high energy consumption and serious pollution. The biodegradation method is being paid to attention owing to its normal pressure, low energy consumption and low pollution. The biodegradation method coupled with mechanical and chemical method may be the solution for the use of lignocellulose. The oil industry spent 100 years in forming the more perfect oil industry chain. In contrast, the industrial application and research of straw are still in its early stages, and grafted on the oil industry, paper-making industry, chemical fiber industry and industrial ethanol industry, the straw processing will soon become a new one.
In this study, taking the skins of corn stalks as raw materials and taking the rumen of ruminants and micro-ecological environment as biological prototype, the bionic pretreatment process of viscose fiber pulp for cornstalks skins and peristaltic fermentor design was made.
Based on the mechanism study of straw degradation using the rumen microorganisms, the bionic pretreatment process was presented. That is, taking the skinss of corn straw as solid substrate, the semi-continuous co-culture of rumen fungi and bacterium used during the metabolites of rumen fungi was made to expect relatively high hemicellulose degradation rate and relatively low cellulose degradation rate. The study on rumen microorganisms demonstrated the feasibility of the process, and the process was conducted in the laboratory.
Degradation of straw using extremely anaerobic rumen microorganisms is partly because of synergies of the internal microorganisms, and another major reason lies in the symbiosis between the rumen microorganisms and ruminant. Rumen provides rumen microbial growth with a stable environment and rumen microorganisms provides the necessary nutrients for ruminants.
In this study, taking the rumen as biological prototype, the peristaltic fermentor design was made. Based on the control system of modern fermentor, the flexible balloon, instead of the conventional cylindrical quartz glass tank, was adopted. The combination of component vibrations, instead of mechanical agitations, imitates the peristalsis of rumen. The filter membrane was installed at the balloon wall so as to achieve the coupling design of the in-situ fermentation and separation, and because of peristaltic actions the filter cake on the filter membrane, concentration polarization and pollution were reduced. The removal of blind spot in fermentor is fully achieved by the installation of sensor.
The peristaltic performance testing apparatus was designed and through the studies on the impact of electromagnet position, autooscillation and vibration combination on the fermentation performance, the primary and secondary factors were obtained. The testing apparatus to test the peristaltic impact on the pumping filtration was designed and it was shown that the peristalsis had the clear impact on the pumping filtration.
Finally, the co-culture pretreatment process on viscose fiber pulps for cornstalks skins and rumen microorganisms was studied, which included the laboratory research on pulping by sulphate process and the validation research on pulping by rumen for the skins of cornstalks.
With the gradual decrease in the oil resources in the world, the petroleum-based industry will necessarily shift to a renewable-based one. Now, the lignocellulose resource is one of the important parts for the biomass resources. Transforming the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin into the renewable energy sources and renewable materials is one of the main development directions in biomass industry in the future, and how it comes true is known as the world-wide problem. The mechanical method is simple but the added value of productions is low. The chemical method is of high energy consumption and serious pollution. The biodegradation method is being paid to attention owing to its normal pressure, low energy consumption and low pollution. The biodegradation method coupled with mechanical and chemical method may be the solution for the use of lignocellulose. The oil industry spent 100 years in forming the more perfect oil industry chain. In contrast, the industrial application and research of straw are still in its early stages, and grafted on the oil industry, paper-making industry, chemical fiber industry and industrial ethanol industry, the straw processing will soon become a new one.
In this study, taking the skins of corn stalks as raw materials and taking the rumen of ruminants and micro-ecological environment as biological prototype, the bionic pretreatment process of viscose fiber pulp for cornstalks skins and peristaltic fermentor design was made.
Based on the mechanism study of straw degradation using the rumen microorganisms, the bionic pretreatment process was presented. That is, taking the skinss of corn straw as solid substrate, the semi-continuous co-culture of rumen fungi and bacterium used during the metabolites of rumen fungi was made to expect relatively high hemicellulose degradation rate and relatively low cellulose degradation rate. The study on rumen microorganisms demonstrated the feasibility of the process, and the process was conducted in the laboratory.
Degradation of straw using extremely anaerobic rumen microorganisms is partly because of synergies of the internal microorganisms, and another major reason lies in the symbiosis between the rumen microorganisms and ruminant. Rumen provides rumen microbial growth with a stable environment and rumen microorganisms provides the necessary nutrients for ruminants.
In this study, taking the rumen as biological prototype, the peristaltic fermentor design was made. Based on the control system of modern fermentor, the flexible balloon, instead of the conventional cylindrical quartz glass tank, was adopted. The combination of component vibrations, instead of mechanical agitations, imitates the peristalsis of rumen. The filter membrane was installed at the balloon wall so as to achieve the coupling design of the in-situ fermentation and separation, and because of peristaltic actions the filter cake on the filter membrane, concentration polarization and pollution were reduced. The removal of blind spot in fermentor is fully achieved by the installation of sensor.
The peristaltic performance testing apparatus was designed and through the studies on the impact of electromagnet position, autooscillation and vibration combination on the fermentation performance, the primary and secondary factors were obtained. The testing apparatus to test the peristaltic impact on the pumping filtration was designed and it was shown that the peristalsis had the clear impact on the pumping filtration.
Finally, the co-culture pretreatment process on viscose fiber pulps for cornstalks skins and rumen microorganisms was studied, which included the laboratory research on pulping by sulphate process and the validation research on pulping by rumen for the skins of cornstalks.
引文
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