西部地区生态农业发展研究
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摘要
西部地区是我国重要的生态屏障,但同时面临农民素质低、基础设施差、经济贫困、技术落后、生态脆弱等问题,农业可持续发展面临严峻挑战。大力发展生态农业,对于促进西部地区农业产业结构调整,建立现代生态农业体系,促进农业、农村、农民的协调发展具有重大的推动作用。西部地区要实现生态建设与农业增效、农民增收的协调发展,必须改变传统农业生产方式,立足地区资源优势,坚定不移的走生态农业的农业发展之路。本文在进一步凝炼生态农业定义与内涵的基础上,从思想起源上追溯生态农业的发展历程,通过理论分析与发展实践剖析,对西部地区贵州省贵阳市农业资源、环境及生态农业建设进行研究,深入分析其发展优势和劣势,总结提炼其生态农业发展思路和制度体系,突出其发展模式和发展路径,探讨并初步提出西部地区生态农业发展的战略选择,并得出了最终的结论。本文共分为十一章,第一章、第二章论述研究的目的意义及生态农业的相关理论研究,第三章——第五章分析贵阳市农业发展的概况以及发展生态农业的有利条件,第六章为西部地区生态农业发展的现实评价,第七章分析制约贵阳市发展生态农业的主要因素,第八章——第十章论述贵阳市发展生态农业的基本架构、发展模式和发展路径,第十一章得出的结论及建议。
The western region is a significant ecological barrier of our country. However, a number of problems need to be solved for the sustainable development of agriculture, such as poor peasant diathesis, insufficient basic facilities, economic poverty, backward in technique, fragile ecology and so on. To establish the modern eco-agriculture system and to achieve the aims of promoting the agriculture, rural areas and peasants concertedly, developing the eco-agriculture, which will promote the adjusting the structure of agriculture, should be taken seriously. In order to achieve the aims of promoting the ecological construction, efficiency of agriculture and the increase of the peasant's income concertedly in the western region, the traditional agricultural production mode must be changed, unswervingly following the eco-agriculture development path base on Guiyang's advantage of resources. Based on refining the eco-agriculture's definition and connotation and the history of the development of eco-agriculture from origin of ideology, this article does a research on the agriculture resource, environment and the construction of eco-agriculture in Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou Province, located in the western region. Then this article deeply analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the development of eco-agriculture, and summarizes and refines the ideas of developing eco-agriculture and the systems in Guiyang City, highlights the development mode and path of development in Guiyang City. Last, this article discusses and puts forward a strategy choice of developing eco-agriculture in the western region, and draws a final conclusion. This article is composed of11chapters. Chapter1and chapter2discuss the significance and purpose of this study and the relevant theories or studies of eco-agriculture. The general profile of the development of agriculture in Guiyang City and the advantages of developing eco-agriculture are analyzed in the text from chapter3to chapter5. Chapter6concerns an appraisal of actuality about the eco-agriculture development in the western region. Then the major factors which curb the development of eco-agriculture in Guiyang City are analyzed in Chapter7. And then, the frame, the mode and the path of the development of eco-agriculture in Guiyang City are discussed in the text from chapter8to chapter10. In chapter11, this article draws a conclusion and gives some suggestions.
The western region is a significant ecological barrier of our country. However, a number of problems need to be solved for the sustainable development of agriculture, such as poor peasant diathesis, insufficient basic facilities, economic poverty, backward in technique, fragile ecology and so on. To establish the modern eco-agriculture system and to achieve the aims of promoting the agriculture, rural areas and peasants concertedly, developing the eco-agriculture, which will promote the adjusting the structure of agriculture, should be taken seriously. In order to achieve the aims of promoting the ecological construction, efficiency of agriculture and the increase of the peasant's income concertedly in the western region, the traditional agricultural production mode must be changed, unswervingly following the eco-agriculture development path base on Guiyang's advantage of resources. Based on refining the eco-agriculture's definition and connotation and the history of the development of eco-agriculture from origin of ideology, this article does a research on the agriculture resource, environment and the construction of eco-agriculture in Guiyang City, the capital of Guizhou Province, located in the western region. Then this article deeply analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the development of eco-agriculture, and summarizes and refines the ideas of developing eco-agriculture and the systems in Guiyang City, highlights the development mode and path of development in Guiyang City. Last, this article discusses and puts forward a strategy choice of developing eco-agriculture in the western region, and draws a final conclusion. This article is composed of11chapters. Chapter1and chapter2discuss the significance and purpose of this study and the relevant theories or studies of eco-agriculture. The general profile of the development of agriculture in Guiyang City and the advantages of developing eco-agriculture are analyzed in the text from chapter3to chapter5. Chapter6concerns an appraisal of actuality about the eco-agriculture development in the western region. Then the major factors which curb the development of eco-agriculture in Guiyang City are analyzed in Chapter7. And then, the frame, the mode and the path of the development of eco-agriculture in Guiyang City are discussed in the text from chapter8to chapter10. In chapter11, this article draws a conclusion and gives some suggestions.
引文
① 选自中共十七届三中全会通过的《中共中央关于推进农村改革发展若干重大问题决定》
② 李海潮,苏新宏等·不同基因型玉米间作复合群体生态生理效应[J]·生态学报,2002,22(12)：2096-2103
③ 蔡燕飞,廖宗文等·生态有机肥对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]·应用生态学报,2003,14(3)：349-353
① 胡艳霞,孙振钧等·蚯蚓养殖及蚯蚓粪对植物土传病害抑制作用的研究进展[J]·应用生态学报,2003,4(2)：296-300
② 李世清,李凤民等·半干旱地区地膜覆盖对作物产量和氮效率的影响[J]·应用生态学报,2001,12(2)：205-209
③ 王俊,李凤民等·地膜覆盖对土壤水温和春小麦产量形成的影响[J]·应用生态学报,2003,14(2)：205-210
④ 杜尧东,王建等·春小麦田喷灌的水量分布及小气候效应[J]·应用生态学报,2001,12(3)：398-400
⑤ 蔡燕飞,廖宗文等·化学＆生物发酵联用技术对稻草腐熟的效果及红外光谱研究[J]·应用生态学报,2003,14(8)：1269-1272
⑥ 张秋英,刘晓冰,金剑等·缓释、控释肥料对大豆植株养分吸收及产量的影响[J]·中国生态农业学报,2002,10(4)：48-50
⑦ 李华兴,李长洪,张新明等·沸石对土壤养分生物有效性和土壤化学性质的影响研究[J]·应用生态学报,2001,12(5)：743-745
⑧ 蔡燕飞,廖宗文,章家恩等·生态有机肥对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]·应用生态学报,2003,14(3)：349-353
① ZengR.S.,LuoS.M.,ShiY.H.,etal.Physiological and biochemical lmechanism of allelopathy of secalonicacid F on higher plant.Agron.J.,2001,93(1):72-29
② 谭乐和,王辉·世界生态农业与研究实践综述[J]·热带农业科学,2008(6)：70
③ 谭乐和,王辉·世界生态农业与研究实践综述[J]·热带农业科学,2008(6)：71
① Sharpley, Andrew N.Impact of long-term swine andpoultry manure application on soil and water re-sources in eastern Oklahoma Publication:Agricul-tural Experiment Station, Division of Agriculture, Oklahoma State University.1991
② 转引自谭乐和,王辉·世界生态农业与研究实践综述[J]·热带农业科学,2008(6)：68
③ WandaWColli, Calvin.O.Qualset.Biodiversity in a-groeco systems.English.Boca Raton:CRC Press,1999
④ 转引自谭乐和,王辉·世界生态农业与研究实践综述[J]·热带农业科学,2008(6)：68
① Birgitte Hansen, Hugo Fjelsted Alrie and Erik SteenKristensen. Approaches to assess the environ-men-tal impact of organic farming with particular re-gard to Denmark Agriculture,Ecosystems & Environ-ment,2001,83(1/2):11-26
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③ 转引自谭乐和,王辉·《世界生态农业与研究实践综述》·热带农业科学,2008(6)：69
④ 谭乐和,王辉·《世界生态农业与研究实践综述》·热带农业科学,2008(6)：69
⑤ Caamal Maldonado J.A.,Jinenez OsornioJ.J.,Torres BarraganA., et al. The use of allelopathy legume cover and mulch species for weed controlin cropping systems.Agron.J.,2001,93(1):27-36
⑥ MattnerS.W.,Parbery D.G. Rust enhanced allelopathy of perennial ryegrass against white clover. Agron. J.,2001, 93(1):54-59
① 赵博勇·生态农业及其发展模式研究[D]·西北大学,2009
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③ 赵博勇·生态农业及其发展模式研究[D]·西北大学,2009
④ 赵博勇·生态农业及其发展模式研究[D]·西北大学,2009
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① 黔中经济区,西部大开发的重要增长极[J]·贵阳日报,2011年1月19日地A04版
① 选自《贵阳市人民政府关于印发贵阳市2007—2010年蔬菜产业发展规划的通知》
① 引自《国家环境保护总局关于加强农村生态环境保护工作的若干意见》
① 引自《中共中央国务院关于积极发展现代农业扎实推进社会主义新农村建设的若干意见》
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② 李海潮,苏新宏等·不同基因型玉米间作复合群体生态生理效应[J]·生态学报,2002,22(12)：2096-2103
③ 蔡燕飞,廖宗文等·生态有机肥对番茄青枯病及土壤微生物多样性的影响[J]·应用生态学报,2003,14(3)：349-353
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