王沟黄土滑坡形成机理及稳定性研究
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摘要
黄土滑坡是黄土地区最为严重的地质灾害。由于黄土所具有的特殊的物质组成和工程性质,使得黄土滑坡的形成条件和机理表现出复杂性和多变性。彭阳地区黄土滑坡灾害较为严重,威胁到居民的日常生产生活,制约了当地的经济发展。开展彭阳县典型黄土滑坡形成机理研究,既有一定的理论意义,也有巨大的社会经济效益。本文采用现场勘查、室内试验、理论计算与数值模拟等技术手段,对彭阳县王沟黄土滑坡的形成条件,形成机理,稳定状态及危害程度做了深入研究,具体内容如下：
(1)运用工程地质学知识分析彭阳县环境地质条件,研究彭阳地区滑坡发育特征及时空分布特征。结果表明区内滑坡空间分布具有群发性,分布区域与地貌单元有关,发生时间与年平均及月平均降雨量密切相关。
(2)结合王沟滑坡基本特征,采用统计分析、室内试验及数值模拟等手段分析其形成条件。发现地形地貌、物质组成及人类工程活动三个因素通过改变坡体内部的应力分布状态来影响坡体的稳定状态。大气降水主要作用为降低土体的抗剪强度、增加土体容重及软化潜在滑动面。在此基础上研究王沟滑坡滑动机理,认为斜坡物质组成及工程地质特性是滑坡产生的物质基础,人类工程活动是影响因素,高强度的降雨为最主要的触发因素。
(3)使用有限元软件对滑坡滑前状态进行模拟,深入分析滑前坡体应力应变分布情况,验证滑坡形成条件及机理。运用强度折减法及极限平衡法对王沟滑坡进行稳定性计算及分析,计算结果为滑坡在天然状态下为稳定状态；降雨状态下为基本稳定状态。根据有限元模拟的位移增量及剪应变增量分布,判断滑坡可能失稳的区域。
(4)对王沟滑坡的滑距使用多元线性回归分析,建立预测模型并计算,预测其滑距为141.8m。在此基础上计算王沟滑坡的危害范围并评估其经济损失。
Loess landslide is the most serious geological hazard in the loess region. Owing to the exceptive of loess's material composition and engineering property, the formation condition and mechanism of loess landslide show the complexity and variability. Pengyang county's loess landslide hazard is more serious. It has restricts local economic development. There is social significance and economic significance to study on the formation mechanism and stability do in-depth analysis of this typical landslide. This paper use scene investigation, laboratory test, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation to analysis Wanggou landslide's formation mechanism, steady state and damage degree. The concrete content is as follows:
(1) Analysis the geological environment of Pengyang, including geographical conditions, geological structure, geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and human engineering activities. On this basis, the development characteristics, time distribution and spatial distribution of the landslide in Pengyang are analyzed. The conclusion is a large number landslide in the river, and these rivers tributary's bank. Their characteristic is accumulation.
(2) On the basis of analysis the loess of Wanggou, analysis Wanggou landslide's formation conditions.The factor include landform and physiognomy, formation lithology and ground water, meteoric water, surface water,and human engineering activities. And then use FEM analysis software Plaxis analysis Wanggou landslide's formation Mechanism. The conclusion is that landslide's landform and physiognomy, formation lithology is material base, human engineering activities is influencing factors, meteoric water is triggering factor.
(3) Use FEM analysis software Plaxis and strength reduction finite element method analysis Wanggou loess landslide. It includes two cases:post-failure natural case and post-failure rainy case. The limit equilibrium method is analyzed in the project. Then the two results are compared. It can be observe that post-failure natural case is stable.post-failure rainy case is basically stable, And then analysis Loess landslide's total displacements, shear strain increments,total incremental and plastic point.
(4) On the basis of collected data multiple linear regression method is used to built the prediction model of landslide distance in Wanggou landslide. Then landslide distance can be predicted, the result is 141.8m. And then calculate the area of range of hazards and estimation Wanggou landslide's economic losses.
(1)运用工程地质学知识分析彭阳县环境地质条件,研究彭阳地区滑坡发育特征及时空分布特征。结果表明区内滑坡空间分布具有群发性,分布区域与地貌单元有关,发生时间与年平均及月平均降雨量密切相关。
(2)结合王沟滑坡基本特征,采用统计分析、室内试验及数值模拟等手段分析其形成条件。发现地形地貌、物质组成及人类工程活动三个因素通过改变坡体内部的应力分布状态来影响坡体的稳定状态。大气降水主要作用为降低土体的抗剪强度、增加土体容重及软化潜在滑动面。在此基础上研究王沟滑坡滑动机理,认为斜坡物质组成及工程地质特性是滑坡产生的物质基础,人类工程活动是影响因素,高强度的降雨为最主要的触发因素。
(3)使用有限元软件对滑坡滑前状态进行模拟,深入分析滑前坡体应力应变分布情况,验证滑坡形成条件及机理。运用强度折减法及极限平衡法对王沟滑坡进行稳定性计算及分析,计算结果为滑坡在天然状态下为稳定状态；降雨状态下为基本稳定状态。根据有限元模拟的位移增量及剪应变增量分布,判断滑坡可能失稳的区域。
(4)对王沟滑坡的滑距使用多元线性回归分析,建立预测模型并计算,预测其滑距为141.8m。在此基础上计算王沟滑坡的危害范围并评估其经济损失。
Loess landslide is the most serious geological hazard in the loess region. Owing to the exceptive of loess's material composition and engineering property, the formation condition and mechanism of loess landslide show the complexity and variability. Pengyang county's loess landslide hazard is more serious. It has restricts local economic development. There is social significance and economic significance to study on the formation mechanism and stability do in-depth analysis of this typical landslide. This paper use scene investigation, laboratory test, theoretical calculation and numerical simulation to analysis Wanggou landslide's formation mechanism, steady state and damage degree. The concrete content is as follows:
(1) Analysis the geological environment of Pengyang, including geographical conditions, geological structure, geological structure, hydrogeological conditions and human engineering activities. On this basis, the development characteristics, time distribution and spatial distribution of the landslide in Pengyang are analyzed. The conclusion is a large number landslide in the river, and these rivers tributary's bank. Their characteristic is accumulation.
(2) On the basis of analysis the loess of Wanggou, analysis Wanggou landslide's formation conditions.The factor include landform and physiognomy, formation lithology and ground water, meteoric water, surface water,and human engineering activities. And then use FEM analysis software Plaxis analysis Wanggou landslide's formation Mechanism. The conclusion is that landslide's landform and physiognomy, formation lithology is material base, human engineering activities is influencing factors, meteoric water is triggering factor.
(3) Use FEM analysis software Plaxis and strength reduction finite element method analysis Wanggou loess landslide. It includes two cases:post-failure natural case and post-failure rainy case. The limit equilibrium method is analyzed in the project. Then the two results are compared. It can be observe that post-failure natural case is stable.post-failure rainy case is basically stable, And then analysis Loess landslide's total displacements, shear strain increments,total incremental and plastic point.
(4) On the basis of collected data multiple linear regression method is used to built the prediction model of landslide distance in Wanggou landslide. Then landslide distance can be predicted, the result is 141.8m. And then calculate the area of range of hazards and estimation Wanggou landslide's economic losses.
引文
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[3]吴学华,朱廉生,高宇等.宁夏回族自治区彭阳县地质灾害调查与区划[R].银川：宁夏回族自治区地质环境监测总站,2002
[4]Terzaghi.K. Mechanism of landslide[J]. Application of Geology to Engineering Practice,Geological Society of America,Berkey,1950:83-123
[5]王家鼎,张倬元,肖树芳.灌溉诱发高速黄土滑坡的运动机理[J].岩土力学学报,1999,21(6)：241-246
[6]王家鼎,王靖泰,黄海国.饱和土蠕滑动液化研究[J].现代地质,1993,7(01)：102-108
[7]Mogenstern.N.R.The Influence of Groundwater on Stability.In Stability in Open Pit Mining [M]. Society of Mining Engineers,1971:65-81
[8]徐邦栋,王恭先.几类滑坡的发生机理及有效防治措施[A].铁路崩坍滑坡论文报告集[C].西安：一九八二年全路崩坍滑坡科技攻关会议,1982：93-99
[9]晏同珍.滑坡学[M].武汉：中国地质大学出版社,2000
[10]卢肇钧.土的破坏机理和土力学问题[A].中国地质学会工程地质专业委员会编[C].北京：科学出版社,1983：115-120
[11]张悼元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理(第二版)[M].北京：地质出版社,1994
[12]胡广韬等.滑坡动力学[M].北京：地质出版社,1995
[13]徐竣岭.葡萄园1号滑坡机制分析及其启示[J].路基工程,1989,2：41-42
[14]王思敬,王效宁.大型高速滑坡的能量分析及其灾害预测[A].滑坡论文[C].成都：四川科学技术出版社,1989：：117-124
[15]刘光代.浅谈牵引式滑坡的变形机制[J].路基工程,1992,3：41-46
[16]高根树,张咸恭等.大型高速滑坡滑动机理[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1992,3(1)：29-32
[17]王家鼎.高速黄土滑坡的一种机理—饱和黄土蠕动液化[J].地质论评,1992,38(6)：532-538
[18]王志荣,王念秦.黄土滑坡研究现状综述[J].中国水土保持,2004,11：6-18
[19]谭成轩,王瑞江,吴树仁.滑坡稳定性三维数值模拟分析[J].长春科技大学学报, 1999,29(3)：267-271
[20]Sarma.S.K.Stability analysis of embankment sandslopes[J].Geotechnique,1979,105(12): 1511-1524
[21]Sarma.S.K.Critic alaccelerationversus of embankment sandslopes[J]. Geotechnique, 1973,23(3):423-433
[23]黄运飞,冯静.计算工程地质学[M].北京：兵器工业出版社,1992,314-326.
[24]肖武.基于强度折减和容重增加法的边坡稳定分析及工程研究[D].南京：河海大学,2005
[25]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.极限分析有限元法讲座—有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2)：332-336
[26]Tamotsu Matsui, Ka-Ching San.Finite element slope stability analysis by shear strength reduction technique [J]. Soil and Foundation,1992,32(1):59-70
[27]古浩.边坡稳定及抗滑桩加固研究[D].南京：河海大学,2006
[28]陈瑛.岩土边坡的有限元稳定性分析[D].南京：河海大学,2006
[29]毛正君.宁夏彭阳县地质灾害危险性评价研究[D].西安：长安大学,2009
[30]徐世光等.一个极限稳定坡角与坡高的经验关系式[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2006,17(3)：22-26
[31]中科院黄土高原综合科学考察队.黄土高原地区自然环境及其演变[A].黄土高原地区综合治理开发考察系列研究[C].北京：科学出版社,1991
[32]关文章.湿陷性黄土工程型能新篇[M].陕西：西安交通大学出版社,1992.
[33]王永众等.黄土与第四纪地质[M].西安：陕西人民出版社,1982
[34]张新军.铜川地区黄土清坡的机理、稳定性及防治措施研究[D].西安：西北大学,2004
[35]徐郝明.铜川黄土滑坡机理及防治研究[D].西安：西北大学,2007
[36]赵景波.黄土的孔隙与湿陷性研究[J].工程地质学报.1994,6(2)：76-83.
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