沥青路面多孔蓄盐集料化—力耦合效应及析盐特性研究
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摘要
我国云贵川高原山区冬季潮湿多雨,极易形成“冻雨”,凝聚在低温路面便产生路面凝冰,使路面抗滑能力大幅下降,容易发生交通事故。传统的抑制路面凝冰和除冰雪的方法,主要是人工作业和撒布融雪剂,除冰效果差且污染环境,不适用于清除路面凝冰。本文主要研究一种新型主动抗凝冰路面技术—多孔蓄盐集料技术,首先运用化学动力学理论研究了多孔蓄盐集料析盐的可行性,然后通过室内试验研究了多孔蓄盐集料的制备工艺、析盐抗冰冻性能、沥青蓄盐封层抗凝冰效果及多孔抗凝冰填料沥青混合料的路用性能和抗凝冰效果,并运用Material Studio材料模拟软件分析了多孔蓄盐集料析盐降冰点及盐分吸附扩散的微观作用机理,最后研究了基于质量扩散定律的多孔蓄盐集料的化学-力学耦合效应。
本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面：
(1)运用化学动力学的分子碰撞理论,研究了蓄盐集料内部盐分离子的碰撞动力学过程、蓄盐抗凝冰的碰撞能量、蓄盐分子非弹性碰撞过程的能量转换以及蓄盐组分碰撞过程中的Cl-解离过程,分析了多孔蓄盐集料能够析出盐分抗凝冰的作用机理,为多孔蓄盐集料的室内制备试验提供了定性的可行性结论。
(2)研究了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石的制备工艺、吸盐特性、析盐持续可释性及抗压强度,确定了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料的掺盐种类、掺盐方式、掺盐量及其配合比范围,并将蓄盐水泥石集料掺入沥青封层进行了抗凝冰检验。研究了多孔蓄盐填料沥青混合料的配合比设计,并检测其路用性能及抗凝冰性能。室内制备的新型多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料具有良好的释盐性,在-5℃条件下的抗凝冰效果良好。
(3)利用MS材料计算软件模拟研究了液态水的凝冰机理和凝结过程,研究表明,液态水凝冰是由于低温下的水分子氢键相互连接,形成了致密的六环水分子构型的网状体冰晶,并渗透至体系的整个三维空间,直至液态水分子全部凝冰。
(4)通过构建冰盐溶液共存体系,研究了盐分降低凝冰点的微观作用机理,盐分能够降低液态水凝冰点是因为在盐分氯离子的周围,水-水之间的氢键构型大大减少,水-氯离子氢键结构同时形成,分子间的距离和键角都在发生变化,氯离子的加入破坏了固有的水冰共存体结构并减缓了氢键结构的动态形成过程。
(5)运用MS材料计算软件模拟了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料吸附扩散盐分的动态作用过程,研究了盐分不断迁移、扩散的微观作用机理,其本质上是能量不断转换得以平衡的过程,得到了盐分在集料内部吸附扩散与温度、压力的相关关系：蓄盐载体能够将盐分中的氯离子吸附在其表面和内部,盐分的吸附扩散受温度、压力的影响较大,尤其是高温下的Cl-吸附扩散能力均较强。
(6)从宏观领域的微观角度,研究了基于质量扩散定律的多孔蓄盐集料盐分扩散特性以及由于盐分离子扩散引起化学损伤所导致的结构内部的化学-力学耦合效应,多孔介质力学-化学相互作用的本质就是物理能与化学能之间能量转换的平衡过程,提出了蓄盐集料盐分氯离子、钠离子的扩散方程,最后研究了基于钙离子消散引起的力学损伤数学关系,初步建立了多孔蓄盐集料的化学损伤-力学损伤之间复杂的耦合效应的本构数学关系。
本文以多孔蓄盐抗凝冰材料作为研究对象,通过室内试验研究得到了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料的最佳配合比,且在-5℃具有良好的抗凝冰效果,适用于路面早期抗凝冰；研究了多孔蓄盐填料沥青混合料的配合比、路用性能及抗凝冰效果,其在-4℃～0℃下具有良好的析盐性,除冰效果明显；研究了蓄盐组分的吸附扩散性能及其除冰性能的微观机理,盐分的吸附扩散性能受到温度、压力、浓度的影响作用较大,盐分能够有效降低凝冰点是由于盐分离子破坏了固有的水+冰共存体结构并减缓了冰晶结构的形成过程；研究了多孔蓄盐集料化学-力学耦合效应,建立了蓄盐集料盐分离子的扩散方程,初步建立了基于盐分离子消散引起的化学损伤-力学损伤之间复杂耦合效应的本构数学关系。
本文研究结论对于后续新型抗凝冰材料的研发及推广应用、蓄盐路面技术设计理论的建立、抗凝冰性能评价体系的建立、蓄盐材料的抗凝冰本质机理探索、蓄盐抗凝冰材料化学-力学损伤本构数学模型的完善等方面,均具有重要的理论指导意义和实践应用价值。
It is wet and rainy in winter on the plateau mountain of China's Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan area, which is easy to form "frozen rain". The road will generate road condensate ice at a low temperature and the pavement skid resistance will be dropped significantly, easily creating vicious traffic accidents. The traditional ways to restrain road condensate ice and get rid of the snow and ice are mainly manual work and sprinkle salt, which is unfavorable in deicing and environmental protection and not applicable for clearing the road condensate ice. A new technology of active anticoagulation ice road--porous storage salt aggregate technology is studied in this paper. The feasibility of salt precipitation in porous storage salt aggregate is firstly studied by using Chemical Kinetic Theory, and then the preparation technology of porous storage salt aggregate, anticoagulation ice performance, anticoagulant ice effect of asphalt storage salt seal, the pavement performance and anticoagulation ice effect of asphalt mixture containing anticoagulation ice filler are studied through laboratory experiments. By using the material Studio materials simulation software, the micro-mechanism which the porous storage salt aggregate dissolve out salt to drop the freezing point and salt sorption-diffusion has been analyzed. Finally based on the law of mass diffusion, the chemical and mechanical coupling effect of the porous storage salt aggregate is studied.
The study mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) Through the application of chemical kinetic molecular collision theory, the paper studies collision dynamics process of the storage salt aggregate internal salt ion, the anticoagulation ice collision energy, the storage salt molecular inelastic collision energy conversion and the chlorine ion dissociation process during storage salt component collision. The acting mechanism of the porous storage salt aggregate to precipitate salt anticoagulant ice is analyzed. All of that provide qualitative feasibility conclusion for indoor preparation test of the porous storage salt aggregate.
(2) The preparation technology, the salt absorption characteristics, the characteristic of continuous release of salting-out agent and compressive strength of the porous storage salt foamed cement pastes have been studied. Their aggregates, including the type, the way, the amount and the mixture ratio range of adulteration with salt, have been determined. The storage salt foamed cement pastes have been filtered into bituminous seal for the test of the anticoagulation ice. The mixing design of porous asphalt mixture containing storage salt filler has been studied, and the pavement performance and anticoagulant ice properties of the storage salt filler asphalt mixture have also been tested. The new porous storage salt foamed cement pastes aggregate which is prepared indoor has good precipitation of salt, and has a good anticoagulant ice effect at the temperature of-5℃.
(3) The condensate ice mechanism and condensation process of liquid water have been studied in the use of MS Materials Calculation Software, which show that the reticular ice six-ring water molecules in dense configuration are formed by interconnecting hydrogen bonding of water molecules in the low temperature, and it will penetrate to the entire three-dimensional space of the system until all of the liquid water molecules are frozen.
(4) The ice-salt solution coexisting system has been constructed to study microscopic mechanism of salt to reduce the condensate freezing point. Salt can reduce the freezing point of liquid water because that water-water hydrogen bonds have been greatly reduced around the salt chloride ion at the same time that water-chloride ion-hydrogen bonding structure has been formed, and the distance and angle of molecular have been changed. The chlorine ion broken inherent water ice structure in the coexistence and slow the dynamic formation of hydrogen bond structure.
(5) The dynamic acting process of salt adsorption and diffusion within the porous storage salt foamed cement pastes aggregates has been simulated by using MS materials simulated calculation software, and the microscopic acting mechanism of the continuous migration and diffusion of Salt is also studied. The essence is the equilibrium process of energy continuous conversion. The correlation of temperature and pressure of salt adsorption and diffusion within the aggregate has been gained. The chloride ion of salt will be absorbed to the surface and internal part of storage salt carrier, and the salt adsorption and diffusion will be influenced greatly by temperature and pressure, especially the adsorption capacity and diffusion of chloride ion are stronger in high temperatures.
(6) From the micro-angle of macro-areas, the paper studies salt diffusion characteristics of porous storage salt aggregate based on mass diffusion law as well as chemical-mechanical coupling effect within the structure cased by chemical damage due to the diffusion of salt ions. The essence of the mechanical-chemical interactions of porous media is exactly the equilibrium process of energy conversion between physical and chemical energy. Then, the diffusion equations of chloride ion and sodium ions in the porous storage salt aggregate are proposed in the paper. At last, the mathematical relationships of mechanical injury caused by the dissipation of calcium ions is studied, and the constitutive mathematical relationships of the complex coupling effect between the chemical injury-mechanical damage of the porous storage salt aggregate are built at the preliminary step.
The porous storage salt anticoagulation ice materials are the objects of study in this paper. The best mixing design of porous storage salt foamed cement pastes aggregates is gained according to the conclusions from indoor test, and has a good anticoagulant ice effect at the temperature of-5℃which could be used in the early period anticoagulant ice; the mixing design of porous storage salt filler asphalt mixture, the pavement performance and anticoagulant ice properties have been studied, which shows a good precipitate salt property and a good anticoagulant ice effect when the temperature between-4℃and0℃; the microscopic acting mechanism of the continuous migration and diffusion of storage salt and anticoagulation ice properties have been studied, the salt adsorption and diffusion will be influenced greatly by temperature, pressure and concentration, the salt ion broken inherent water ice structure in the coexistence and slow the dynamic formation of ice crystal structure which decrease the condensate freezing point effectively; the diffuse equation of storage salt aggregate have been established from the chemical and mechanical coupling effect of the porous storage salt aggregate, and the constitutive mathematical relationships of the complex coupling effect between the chemical injury-mechanical damage of the salt ion diffuse are built at the preliminary step.
The study conclusions of this paper have great theoretical guiding significance and practical application value for the development and expansion application of subsequent new anticoagulation ice material, the establishment of storage salt pavement technical design theory, the establishment of anticoagulation ice performance evaluation system, the exploration of anti-icing essential mechanism for storage salt material and the improvement of chemical-mechanical damage constitutive model of storage salt and anticoagulation ice materials, etc.
本文的研究工作主要包括以下几个方面：
(1)运用化学动力学的分子碰撞理论,研究了蓄盐集料内部盐分离子的碰撞动力学过程、蓄盐抗凝冰的碰撞能量、蓄盐分子非弹性碰撞过程的能量转换以及蓄盐组分碰撞过程中的Cl-解离过程,分析了多孔蓄盐集料能够析出盐分抗凝冰的作用机理,为多孔蓄盐集料的室内制备试验提供了定性的可行性结论。
(2)研究了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石的制备工艺、吸盐特性、析盐持续可释性及抗压强度,确定了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料的掺盐种类、掺盐方式、掺盐量及其配合比范围,并将蓄盐水泥石集料掺入沥青封层进行了抗凝冰检验。研究了多孔蓄盐填料沥青混合料的配合比设计,并检测其路用性能及抗凝冰性能。室内制备的新型多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料具有良好的释盐性,在-5℃条件下的抗凝冰效果良好。
(3)利用MS材料计算软件模拟研究了液态水的凝冰机理和凝结过程,研究表明,液态水凝冰是由于低温下的水分子氢键相互连接,形成了致密的六环水分子构型的网状体冰晶,并渗透至体系的整个三维空间,直至液态水分子全部凝冰。
(4)通过构建冰盐溶液共存体系,研究了盐分降低凝冰点的微观作用机理,盐分能够降低液态水凝冰点是因为在盐分氯离子的周围,水-水之间的氢键构型大大减少,水-氯离子氢键结构同时形成,分子间的距离和键角都在发生变化,氯离子的加入破坏了固有的水冰共存体结构并减缓了氢键结构的动态形成过程。
(5)运用MS材料计算软件模拟了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料吸附扩散盐分的动态作用过程,研究了盐分不断迁移、扩散的微观作用机理,其本质上是能量不断转换得以平衡的过程,得到了盐分在集料内部吸附扩散与温度、压力的相关关系：蓄盐载体能够将盐分中的氯离子吸附在其表面和内部,盐分的吸附扩散受温度、压力的影响较大,尤其是高温下的Cl-吸附扩散能力均较强。
(6)从宏观领域的微观角度,研究了基于质量扩散定律的多孔蓄盐集料盐分扩散特性以及由于盐分离子扩散引起化学损伤所导致的结构内部的化学-力学耦合效应,多孔介质力学-化学相互作用的本质就是物理能与化学能之间能量转换的平衡过程,提出了蓄盐集料盐分氯离子、钠离子的扩散方程,最后研究了基于钙离子消散引起的力学损伤数学关系,初步建立了多孔蓄盐集料的化学损伤-力学损伤之间复杂的耦合效应的本构数学关系。
本文以多孔蓄盐抗凝冰材料作为研究对象,通过室内试验研究得到了多孔蓄盐发泡水泥石集料的最佳配合比,且在-5℃具有良好的抗凝冰效果,适用于路面早期抗凝冰；研究了多孔蓄盐填料沥青混合料的配合比、路用性能及抗凝冰效果,其在-4℃～0℃下具有良好的析盐性,除冰效果明显；研究了蓄盐组分的吸附扩散性能及其除冰性能的微观机理,盐分的吸附扩散性能受到温度、压力、浓度的影响作用较大,盐分能够有效降低凝冰点是由于盐分离子破坏了固有的水+冰共存体结构并减缓了冰晶结构的形成过程；研究了多孔蓄盐集料化学-力学耦合效应,建立了蓄盐集料盐分离子的扩散方程,初步建立了基于盐分离子消散引起的化学损伤-力学损伤之间复杂耦合效应的本构数学关系。
本文研究结论对于后续新型抗凝冰材料的研发及推广应用、蓄盐路面技术设计理论的建立、抗凝冰性能评价体系的建立、蓄盐材料的抗凝冰本质机理探索、蓄盐抗凝冰材料化学-力学损伤本构数学模型的完善等方面,均具有重要的理论指导意义和实践应用价值。
It is wet and rainy in winter on the plateau mountain of China's Yunnan-Guizhou-Sichuan area, which is easy to form "frozen rain". The road will generate road condensate ice at a low temperature and the pavement skid resistance will be dropped significantly, easily creating vicious traffic accidents. The traditional ways to restrain road condensate ice and get rid of the snow and ice are mainly manual work and sprinkle salt, which is unfavorable in deicing and environmental protection and not applicable for clearing the road condensate ice. A new technology of active anticoagulation ice road--porous storage salt aggregate technology is studied in this paper. The feasibility of salt precipitation in porous storage salt aggregate is firstly studied by using Chemical Kinetic Theory, and then the preparation technology of porous storage salt aggregate, anticoagulation ice performance, anticoagulant ice effect of asphalt storage salt seal, the pavement performance and anticoagulation ice effect of asphalt mixture containing anticoagulation ice filler are studied through laboratory experiments. By using the material Studio materials simulation software, the micro-mechanism which the porous storage salt aggregate dissolve out salt to drop the freezing point and salt sorption-diffusion has been analyzed. Finally based on the law of mass diffusion, the chemical and mechanical coupling effect of the porous storage salt aggregate is studied.
The study mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) Through the application of chemical kinetic molecular collision theory, the paper studies collision dynamics process of the storage salt aggregate internal salt ion, the anticoagulation ice collision energy, the storage salt molecular inelastic collision energy conversion and the chlorine ion dissociation process during storage salt component collision. The acting mechanism of the porous storage salt aggregate to precipitate salt anticoagulant ice is analyzed. All of that provide qualitative feasibility conclusion for indoor preparation test of the porous storage salt aggregate.
(2) The preparation technology, the salt absorption characteristics, the characteristic of continuous release of salting-out agent and compressive strength of the porous storage salt foamed cement pastes have been studied. Their aggregates, including the type, the way, the amount and the mixture ratio range of adulteration with salt, have been determined. The storage salt foamed cement pastes have been filtered into bituminous seal for the test of the anticoagulation ice. The mixing design of porous asphalt mixture containing storage salt filler has been studied, and the pavement performance and anticoagulant ice properties of the storage salt filler asphalt mixture have also been tested. The new porous storage salt foamed cement pastes aggregate which is prepared indoor has good precipitation of salt, and has a good anticoagulant ice effect at the temperature of-5℃.
(3) The condensate ice mechanism and condensation process of liquid water have been studied in the use of MS Materials Calculation Software, which show that the reticular ice six-ring water molecules in dense configuration are formed by interconnecting hydrogen bonding of water molecules in the low temperature, and it will penetrate to the entire three-dimensional space of the system until all of the liquid water molecules are frozen.
(4) The ice-salt solution coexisting system has been constructed to study microscopic mechanism of salt to reduce the condensate freezing point. Salt can reduce the freezing point of liquid water because that water-water hydrogen bonds have been greatly reduced around the salt chloride ion at the same time that water-chloride ion-hydrogen bonding structure has been formed, and the distance and angle of molecular have been changed. The chlorine ion broken inherent water ice structure in the coexistence and slow the dynamic formation of hydrogen bond structure.
(5) The dynamic acting process of salt adsorption and diffusion within the porous storage salt foamed cement pastes aggregates has been simulated by using MS materials simulated calculation software, and the microscopic acting mechanism of the continuous migration and diffusion of Salt is also studied. The essence is the equilibrium process of energy continuous conversion. The correlation of temperature and pressure of salt adsorption and diffusion within the aggregate has been gained. The chloride ion of salt will be absorbed to the surface and internal part of storage salt carrier, and the salt adsorption and diffusion will be influenced greatly by temperature and pressure, especially the adsorption capacity and diffusion of chloride ion are stronger in high temperatures.
(6) From the micro-angle of macro-areas, the paper studies salt diffusion characteristics of porous storage salt aggregate based on mass diffusion law as well as chemical-mechanical coupling effect within the structure cased by chemical damage due to the diffusion of salt ions. The essence of the mechanical-chemical interactions of porous media is exactly the equilibrium process of energy conversion between physical and chemical energy. Then, the diffusion equations of chloride ion and sodium ions in the porous storage salt aggregate are proposed in the paper. At last, the mathematical relationships of mechanical injury caused by the dissipation of calcium ions is studied, and the constitutive mathematical relationships of the complex coupling effect between the chemical injury-mechanical damage of the porous storage salt aggregate are built at the preliminary step.
The porous storage salt anticoagulation ice materials are the objects of study in this paper. The best mixing design of porous storage salt foamed cement pastes aggregates is gained according to the conclusions from indoor test, and has a good anticoagulant ice effect at the temperature of-5℃which could be used in the early period anticoagulant ice; the mixing design of porous storage salt filler asphalt mixture, the pavement performance and anticoagulant ice properties have been studied, which shows a good precipitate salt property and a good anticoagulant ice effect when the temperature between-4℃and0℃; the microscopic acting mechanism of the continuous migration and diffusion of storage salt and anticoagulation ice properties have been studied, the salt adsorption and diffusion will be influenced greatly by temperature, pressure and concentration, the salt ion broken inherent water ice structure in the coexistence and slow the dynamic formation of ice crystal structure which decrease the condensate freezing point effectively; the diffuse equation of storage salt aggregate have been established from the chemical and mechanical coupling effect of the porous storage salt aggregate, and the constitutive mathematical relationships of the complex coupling effect between the chemical injury-mechanical damage of the salt ion diffuse are built at the preliminary step.
The study conclusions of this paper have great theoretical guiding significance and practical application value for the development and expansion application of subsequent new anticoagulation ice material, the establishment of storage salt pavement technical design theory, the establishment of anticoagulation ice performance evaluation system, the exploration of anti-icing essential mechanism for storage salt material and the improvement of chemical-mechanical damage constitutive model of storage salt and anticoagulation ice materials, etc.
引文
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