基于超循环的企业危机应对研究
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摘要
企业危机管理是企业管理研究领域的一个热点问题,尤其是当今世界竞争形势的日益加剧,危机已成为每个企业每日必须面对的课题。本文在对企业危机产生机理进行分析的基础之上从组织超循环理论出发,提出基于超循环的企业危机应对模型,希望能对企业的危机应对提供借鉴。
本文从战略、结构、技术、文化四个变量的催化循环分析入手,分别提出了每个变量的自催化循环危机应对子系统,同时提出当将企业的正规化、职业化、职权层级、集权化、专业化五类变量作为催化剂形成自我催化循环的同时对以上四类变量进行交叉催化,使两类变量形成稳定的超循环系统,促进企业系统向涨的方向迈进,更好的实现对危机的应对。同时将模型在加入催化剂和不加入催化的的两种情况下进行了对比,体现出企业施加强控制力的必要性及有效性。
本篇论文首先对超循环理论,危机理论进行了研究,在此基础上分析了企业复杂系统的超循环运行机制,企业危机的产生机理,在做好这些铺垫和说明之后构建了企业危机应对的组织超循环模型,并就模型在是否施加控制力作用下进行了比较,在文章的最后部分,论文运用华为公司案例分析证实了笔者所构建的超循环组织危机应对模型的可行性和优越性。本文创造性的将超循环理论应用到企业危机应对的研究中去,希望通过本文的写作,揭开超循环理论与企业危机研究理论相结合的序幕,为企业危机应对理论研究提供新的思路。
The enterprise crisis management is a hot issue in the field of enterprise management. Especially in a world of fierce competition environment, the crisis must be faced by every enterprise. Based on the analysising enterprise crisis mechanism, we studied it from hypercylic point.
The paper was studied from the strategic, structure, technology and culture such four variables catalytic cycle analysis and build the crisis-response subsystem. At the same time, the enterprise normalization, professional, anthority ,level and the centralization is put forward as the catalyst to catalyze these two kinds of variables. A good super criculation system is established to deal with crisis effctively. The model also is compared in two different catalytic situations .
The hypercycle theory,the orgnaizaiton designing theory and the crisis theory will be studied in this paper. The crisis-response model is constructed after analysing the complex mechanism of the enterprise hypercycle operation. The model is also compared in two different situations. At the end of the article,the model is confirmde by the case of Huawei company. Based on the model,the thesis puts forward general steps of enterprise crisis response, and provids beneficial references for the enterprises who are dealing with crisis.
本文从战略、结构、技术、文化四个变量的催化循环分析入手,分别提出了每个变量的自催化循环危机应对子系统,同时提出当将企业的正规化、职业化、职权层级、集权化、专业化五类变量作为催化剂形成自我催化循环的同时对以上四类变量进行交叉催化,使两类变量形成稳定的超循环系统,促进企业系统向涨的方向迈进,更好的实现对危机的应对。同时将模型在加入催化剂和不加入催化的的两种情况下进行了对比,体现出企业施加强控制力的必要性及有效性。
本篇论文首先对超循环理论,危机理论进行了研究,在此基础上分析了企业复杂系统的超循环运行机制,企业危机的产生机理,在做好这些铺垫和说明之后构建了企业危机应对的组织超循环模型,并就模型在是否施加控制力作用下进行了比较,在文章的最后部分,论文运用华为公司案例分析证实了笔者所构建的超循环组织危机应对模型的可行性和优越性。本文创造性的将超循环理论应用到企业危机应对的研究中去,希望通过本文的写作,揭开超循环理论与企业危机研究理论相结合的序幕,为企业危机应对理论研究提供新的思路。
The enterprise crisis management is a hot issue in the field of enterprise management. Especially in a world of fierce competition environment, the crisis must be faced by every enterprise. Based on the analysising enterprise crisis mechanism, we studied it from hypercylic point.
The paper was studied from the strategic, structure, technology and culture such four variables catalytic cycle analysis and build the crisis-response subsystem. At the same time, the enterprise normalization, professional, anthority ,level and the centralization is put forward as the catalyst to catalyze these two kinds of variables. A good super criculation system is established to deal with crisis effctively. The model also is compared in two different catalytic situations .
The hypercycle theory,the orgnaizaiton designing theory and the crisis theory will be studied in this paper. The crisis-response model is constructed after analysing the complex mechanism of the enterprise hypercycle operation. The model is also compared in two different situations. At the end of the article,the model is confirmde by the case of Huawei company. Based on the model,the thesis puts forward general steps of enterprise crisis response, and provids beneficial references for the enterprises who are dealing with crisis.
引文
[1] Linking Crisis Management and Leadership Competencies: the Role of Human Resource Development [J]. Advances in Developing Human Resources , 2008(3):352-379.
[2] Louise K. Crisis Management in Hindsight:Cognition, Communication, Coordination, and Control[J]. Public Administration Review, 2007:189-197.
[3] Ruberson, Runco. The Psycho-Economic Approach to Creativity[J]. New Ideas in Psychology, 1992(10):131-147.
[4]艾根.超循环理论[M].上海翻译出版社,1990:10-43.
[5]曾国屏.超循环自组织理论[J].科学、技术与辩证法,1988(4):63-85.
[6]李曙华.生成的逻辑与内涵价值的科学[J].哲学研究,2005(8):75-80
[7]李建华.超循环:一个完整的自组织原理[J].系统辨证学学报,1995,1(3):83-84.
[8] C.F. Hermann. International Crises: Insights From Behavioral Research[J]. New York: Free Press, 1972.
[9] Fink S. Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable[M]. AMACOM, New York, 1986:9-11.
[10] J. Dutton. The Processing of Crisis and Non-Crisis Issues[J]. Manage. Stud,1986,23(5):501-517.
[11] Uriel Rosenthal, etc.(ed.). Coping with Crisis: the Management of Disasters, Riots, and Terrorism[J]. (Spring field ,Illinois: Charles. C. Thomas Publisher Ltd.), 1989.
[12] Donald A. Fishman,Crisis Communication Theory Blended and Extended[J]. Communication Quarterly, 1999:345-375.
[13] Ian I. Mitroff. Managing Crisis Before Happen[J]. New York, American Management Association, 2001:34.
[14]刘刚.危机管理[M].中国经济出版社,2004:2-3.
[15]胡百精.危机传播管理[M].中国传媒大学出版社,2005:4-8.
[16]皮伟兵.危机制胜:企业危机管理新思路[M].国防科技大学出版社,2005:5.
[17]李志宏,王海燕.基于知识需求的企业危机管理系统研究[J].竞争情报,2009,53(16):100-103.
[18]陈建东,企业危机应对的基本原则[J].企业改革与管理,2009(9):17-18.
[19]张三保.构建企业危机应对的发言人机制[J].中国发展观察,2008(6):45.
[20]李合军,李志祥.论企业危机动态管理模式的有效构建[J].企业管理,2008(44):50-51.
[21]沈晓峰,曾国屏.超循环理论的方法论问题[J].北京师范大学学报,1988(2):67-68.
[22] Howard,Aldrich. Organizations Evolving[J]. London:Sage,ltd. 1999:12-14.
[23]童星.熵:风险危机管理研究新视角[J].社会学研究,2008(6):1-6.
[24]斯蒂芬.P.罗宾斯.管理学[M]. ,王凤彬等译.北京:中国人民大学出版社第七版, 2007:355-357.
[25]万君,顾新.基于超循环理论的知识网络演化机理研究[J].情报科学,2010,28(6):1230-1233.
[26] Mitroff I.I. Crisis Management:A Diagnostic Guide for Improving Your Organization’s Crisis-Preparedness[M]. Jossey-Bass Inc,1993:40-49.
[27] Prigogine. Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems[J]. Wiley New York,1977.
[28]哈肯.协同学[M].上海译文出版社,2001:213-218.
[29]贺正楚.企业危机管理-组织与组织管理的视角[D].长沙:中南大学,2004:27-29.
[30]杨子平.浅析现代企业危机频发的成因[J].甘肃省经济管理干部学院学报,2008(2):39-54.
[31] Gareth R. Jones. Organizational Theory. Reading Massachusetts: Addison Wesley, 1995.
[32] D.S.Pugh. The Measurement of Organization Structures: Does Context Determine from Organizational Dynamics[J]. 1973(1):19-34.
[33]周永生.基于内部诱因的企业危机预警评价系统构建研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2005:54-61.
[34] Mintzberg, H. The Strategy Concept I: Five Ps for Strategy[J]. California Management Review, 1987(30):11-34.
[35]曾智洪. SWOT分析工具与企业战略危机管理[J].科技管理研究,2009 (11):465-467.
[36] Weick K.E. Enacted Sense Making in Crisis Situation[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1988 (4):305-317.
[37] Granville K. Crisis Management & Team Effectiveness: A Closer Examination[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2002(41):235-249.
[38] Sherry J.holladay. Comparing Apology to Equivalent Crisis ResponseStrtegies:Clarifying Apology’s Role and Value in Crisis Communication[J]. Public Relations Review, 2008(34):252-257.
[39] Drach-Zahavy, A. Team Effectiveness Under Stress: A Structural Contingency Approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2007(4):423-450.
[40] Jin, Y. Pang. Integrated Crisis Mapping: Towards a Publics-Based, Emotion-Driven Conceptualization in Crisis Communication[J]. Sphera Public, 2007:81-96.
[41] Looscmore M. Organizational Behavior During a Construction Crisis[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 1998(2):115-121.
[42] Join Spillan. Crisis Planning in Small Businesses: Importance, Impetus and Indifference [J]. European Management Journal,2003(3):398-407.
[2] Louise K. Crisis Management in Hindsight:Cognition, Communication, Coordination, and Control[J]. Public Administration Review, 2007:189-197.
[3] Ruberson, Runco. The Psycho-Economic Approach to Creativity[J]. New Ideas in Psychology, 1992(10):131-147.
[4]艾根.超循环理论[M].上海翻译出版社,1990:10-43.
[5]曾国屏.超循环自组织理论[J].科学、技术与辩证法,1988(4):63-85.
[6]李曙华.生成的逻辑与内涵价值的科学[J].哲学研究,2005(8):75-80
[7]李建华.超循环:一个完整的自组织原理[J].系统辨证学学报,1995,1(3):83-84.
[8] C.F. Hermann. International Crises: Insights From Behavioral Research[J]. New York: Free Press, 1972.
[9] Fink S. Crisis Management: Planning for the Inevitable[M]. AMACOM, New York, 1986:9-11.
[10] J. Dutton. The Processing of Crisis and Non-Crisis Issues[J]. Manage. Stud,1986,23(5):501-517.
[11] Uriel Rosenthal, etc.(ed.). Coping with Crisis: the Management of Disasters, Riots, and Terrorism[J]. (Spring field ,Illinois: Charles. C. Thomas Publisher Ltd.), 1989.
[12] Donald A. Fishman,Crisis Communication Theory Blended and Extended[J]. Communication Quarterly, 1999:345-375.
[13] Ian I. Mitroff. Managing Crisis Before Happen[J]. New York, American Management Association, 2001:34.
[14]刘刚.危机管理[M].中国经济出版社,2004:2-3.
[15]胡百精.危机传播管理[M].中国传媒大学出版社,2005:4-8.
[16]皮伟兵.危机制胜:企业危机管理新思路[M].国防科技大学出版社,2005:5.
[17]李志宏,王海燕.基于知识需求的企业危机管理系统研究[J].竞争情报,2009,53(16):100-103.
[18]陈建东,企业危机应对的基本原则[J].企业改革与管理,2009(9):17-18.
[19]张三保.构建企业危机应对的发言人机制[J].中国发展观察,2008(6):45.
[20]李合军,李志祥.论企业危机动态管理模式的有效构建[J].企业管理,2008(44):50-51.
[21]沈晓峰,曾国屏.超循环理论的方法论问题[J].北京师范大学学报,1988(2):67-68.
[22] Howard,Aldrich. Organizations Evolving[J]. London:Sage,ltd. 1999:12-14.
[23]童星.熵:风险危机管理研究新视角[J].社会学研究,2008(6):1-6.
[24]斯蒂芬.P.罗宾斯.管理学[M]. ,王凤彬等译.北京:中国人民大学出版社第七版, 2007:355-357.
[25]万君,顾新.基于超循环理论的知识网络演化机理研究[J].情报科学,2010,28(6):1230-1233.
[26] Mitroff I.I. Crisis Management:A Diagnostic Guide for Improving Your Organization’s Crisis-Preparedness[M]. Jossey-Bass Inc,1993:40-49.
[27] Prigogine. Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium Systems[J]. Wiley New York,1977.
[28]哈肯.协同学[M].上海译文出版社,2001:213-218.
[29]贺正楚.企业危机管理-组织与组织管理的视角[D].长沙:中南大学,2004:27-29.
[30]杨子平.浅析现代企业危机频发的成因[J].甘肃省经济管理干部学院学报,2008(2):39-54.
[31] Gareth R. Jones. Organizational Theory. Reading Massachusetts: Addison Wesley, 1995.
[32] D.S.Pugh. The Measurement of Organization Structures: Does Context Determine from Organizational Dynamics[J]. 1973(1):19-34.
[33]周永生.基于内部诱因的企业危机预警评价系统构建研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2005:54-61.
[34] Mintzberg, H. The Strategy Concept I: Five Ps for Strategy[J]. California Management Review, 1987(30):11-34.
[35]曾智洪. SWOT分析工具与企业战略危机管理[J].科技管理研究,2009 (11):465-467.
[36] Weick K.E. Enacted Sense Making in Crisis Situation[J]. Journal of Management Studies, 1988 (4):305-317.
[37] Granville K. Crisis Management & Team Effectiveness: A Closer Examination[J]. Journal of Business Ethics, 2002(41):235-249.
[38] Sherry J.holladay. Comparing Apology to Equivalent Crisis ResponseStrtegies:Clarifying Apology’s Role and Value in Crisis Communication[J]. Public Relations Review, 2008(34):252-257.
[39] Drach-Zahavy, A. Team Effectiveness Under Stress: A Structural Contingency Approach. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 2007(4):423-450.
[40] Jin, Y. Pang. Integrated Crisis Mapping: Towards a Publics-Based, Emotion-Driven Conceptualization in Crisis Communication[J]. Sphera Public, 2007:81-96.
[41] Looscmore M. Organizational Behavior During a Construction Crisis[J]. International Journal of Project Management, 1998(2):115-121.
[42] Join Spillan. Crisis Planning in Small Businesses: Importance, Impetus and Indifference [J]. European Management Journal,2003(3):398-407.