一重集团基于超循环理论的价值链竞争优势研究
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摘要
随着世界经济日趋一体化和全球化,市场竞争日益激烈,在经历了产品竞争和终端竞争之后,价值链竞争时代已经到来。借助波特的价值链理论来分析企业竞争优势,可以掌握企业内部竞争优势的来源。通过对价值链的整合和再造,获取企业竞争优势,进而使企业不断保持优势,在此基础上,创造和建立新的竞争优势。由于企业既是一个社会经济组织,同时也是一个生命有机体,企业的价值链模式可以看作是新生命的形成过程,能够从生命的起源和形成中得到一定的启发。因此,将艾根的超循环理论运用到企业的价值链竞争优势分析当中去,可以从一个崭新的视角对其进行分析研究,从而为企业建立、发展和完善价值链、增强竞争优势提供一种新的方法。
本文在对一重集团的概况及其所处的内外部发展环境进行分析的基础上,并通过将一重与竞争对手进行经济指标的对比分析,明确了一重集团所具备的核心竞争力。对一重集团现有的内部基本价值活动和辅助活动以及价值链进行超循环分析,建立一重价值链的超循环模型,将各个价值活动建立超循环联系。在研究的基础上,运用超循环理论分析如何获取价值链竞争优势,提出了基于超循环理论的价值链优化措施,如通过对组织结构的优化和管理制度的改进实现组织再造,通过对业务流程和外包体系的优化以及建立以一重为中心的区域产业链实现对价值链的重构,通过加强与上下游客户的合作以及完善内部信息系统实现对信息系统的建设,并在全球经济危机的条件下做出正确决策等,以进一步提升一重集团的竞争优势,从而提高在同行业企业中的竞争力。
With the growing integration and globalization of world economy, market competition is becoming more and more intense. After the competition of product and terminal competition, value chain competition has come. We can access internal source of competitive advantage with the application of Porter's value chain theory to analyze the competitive advantage. It can obtain competitive advantage by integration and reconstruction of the value chain and then maintain the competitive advantage of enterprises continuously, based on this it will create and establish new competitive advantage. Because the enterprise is a socio-economic organization, but also a life organism, its value chain model can be seen as the formation of a new life, and it can be inspired by the origin and formation of life. As a result, Eigen’s hyper cycle theory may be applied to analysis of competitive advantage of enterprise value chain which can be analyzed from a new perspective, so as to provide a new approach of develop and improve the value chain, enhance its competitive advantage.
Based on the analysis of China First Heavy Industries’general situation as well as internal and external development environment, this paper defined core competitiveness with analysis of economic indicators compared with competitors. It analyzed the internal basic value activities and support activities as well as the value chain with hyper cycle theory, and established a hyper-cycle model of the value chain of China First Heavy Industries, then connected all the value activities. On basis of this, it analyzed how to obtain value chain competitive advantage by use of hyper cycle theory, and raised optimization measures of value chain based on the hyper cycle theory, such as reorganization which is achieved through the optimization of the organizational structure and improvement of management system, reconstruction of the value chain which is achieved by optimizing business process and outsourcing system as well as establishing a regional industrial chain, strengthen the construction of information systems that is reached by strengthening cooperation with customers and improving its internal information systems, and make a correct decision in conditions of economic crisis to enhance competitive advantages, so as to enhance the competitiveness in the same industry.
本文在对一重集团的概况及其所处的内外部发展环境进行分析的基础上,并通过将一重与竞争对手进行经济指标的对比分析,明确了一重集团所具备的核心竞争力。对一重集团现有的内部基本价值活动和辅助活动以及价值链进行超循环分析,建立一重价值链的超循环模型,将各个价值活动建立超循环联系。在研究的基础上,运用超循环理论分析如何获取价值链竞争优势,提出了基于超循环理论的价值链优化措施,如通过对组织结构的优化和管理制度的改进实现组织再造,通过对业务流程和外包体系的优化以及建立以一重为中心的区域产业链实现对价值链的重构,通过加强与上下游客户的合作以及完善内部信息系统实现对信息系统的建设,并在全球经济危机的条件下做出正确决策等,以进一步提升一重集团的竞争优势,从而提高在同行业企业中的竞争力。
With the growing integration and globalization of world economy, market competition is becoming more and more intense. After the competition of product and terminal competition, value chain competition has come. We can access internal source of competitive advantage with the application of Porter's value chain theory to analyze the competitive advantage. It can obtain competitive advantage by integration and reconstruction of the value chain and then maintain the competitive advantage of enterprises continuously, based on this it will create and establish new competitive advantage. Because the enterprise is a socio-economic organization, but also a life organism, its value chain model can be seen as the formation of a new life, and it can be inspired by the origin and formation of life. As a result, Eigen’s hyper cycle theory may be applied to analysis of competitive advantage of enterprise value chain which can be analyzed from a new perspective, so as to provide a new approach of develop and improve the value chain, enhance its competitive advantage.
Based on the analysis of China First Heavy Industries’general situation as well as internal and external development environment, this paper defined core competitiveness with analysis of economic indicators compared with competitors. It analyzed the internal basic value activities and support activities as well as the value chain with hyper cycle theory, and established a hyper-cycle model of the value chain of China First Heavy Industries, then connected all the value activities. On basis of this, it analyzed how to obtain value chain competitive advantage by use of hyper cycle theory, and raised optimization measures of value chain based on the hyper cycle theory, such as reorganization which is achieved through the optimization of the organizational structure and improvement of management system, reconstruction of the value chain which is achieved by optimizing business process and outsourcing system as well as establishing a regional industrial chain, strengthen the construction of information systems that is reached by strengthening cooperation with customers and improving its internal information systems, and make a correct decision in conditions of economic crisis to enhance competitive advantages, so as to enhance the competitiveness in the same industry.
引文
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2张继焦.《价值链管理》.中国物价出版社. 2001, 10
3 M·艾根, P·舒斯特尔.《超循环论》.上海译文出版社. 1990
4晏文胜,陈述.企业生命周期与超循环理论探析.现代管理科学. 2004(12): 57-58
5吴敏锦,刘刚.基于超循环的战略联盟系统研究.广东商学院学报. 2004(6): 47-50
6杨艳萍,孙华.基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究.技术经济与管理研究. 2008(2): 24-26
7李建华.超循环:一个完整的自组织原理.系统辩证学学报. 1995, 3(1): 82-87
8曾国屏.超循环自组织理论.科学、技术与辩证法. 1988(4): 63-85
9张则强,程文明,吴晓,王金诺.循环经济的价值增值与超循环理论.科学进步与对策. 2006(3):45-47
10刘建香.超循环理论在供应链联盟中的应用.商业经济文荟. 2006(3): 26-28
11谢获宝,张勇涛.价值链与企业竞争优势.今日工程机械.2006(10):86-88
12 Charles B. Stabell, Ystein D. Fjeldstad. Configuring Value for Competitive Advance: onChain, Shop, and Network. Strategic Management Journal. 1998(19): 413-437
13李建勇,查建中,鄂明成.超循环理论与动态联盟的细胞化结构模型.中国工程机械. 2000, 11(12): 1414-1416
14赵黎明,付春满.基于超循环理论的科技企业孵化器运行机理研究.中国科技论坛. 2008(1): 60-62
15吴洁.产学研合作中高校知识转移的超循环模型及作用研究.研究与发展管理. 2007, 19(4): 119-123
16胡继灵.高新技术企业管理的超循环理论观.系统辩证学学报. 2002, 10(2): 53-56
17 Tim Edwards, Giuliana Battisti, Andy Neely. Value Creation and the UK Economy: a Review of Strategic Options. International Journal of Management Reviews. 2004(5): 191-213
18 Philip Crossland, Faye L. Smith. Value Creation in Fine Arts: a System Dynamics Model of Inverse Demand and Information Cascades. Strategic Management Journal. 2002(23): 417-434
19 Janet Hartley. Collaborative Value Analysis: Experiences from the Automotive Industry. The journal of Supply Chain Management. Fall 2000: 27-32
20刘满凤,黎志成,胡大力.变革价值链提高竞争优势.企业经济. 2001(5): 10-12
21齐振彪,何志昂.创造企业竞争优势之路——价值链管理.企业经济2003(8): 113-114
22齐韦存.高技术企业价值链与竞争优势研究.科技信息. 2006, (12): 211-213
23余来文,杜跃平,安立仁.基于核心能力的企业价值链分析.现代管理科学. 2006(12): 18-19
24 Jeremy K. Hall, Michael J. C. Martin. Disruptive Technologies, Stakeholders and the Innovation Value-added Chain: a Framework for Evaluating Radical Technology Development. R&D Management. 2005, 35(3): 273-284
25 Tom Osenton. Customer Share, Value, and Business Success. Thunderbird International Business Review. 2005, 47(2): 255-262
26张兰霞.价值链:一种确定企业竞争优势的新方法.沈阳师范学院学报·社会科学版. 1999, 23(5): 72-76
27刘岚.价值链管理与提升企业核心竞争力研究.武汉冶金管理干部学院学报. 2004(3): 26-28
28骆正东.企业的价值链与竞争优势探讨.企业经济. 2002(5): 54-55
29 Phillip E. Pfeifer, Paul w. Farris. The Elasticity of Customer Value to Retention: the Duration of a Customer Relationship. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 2004, 18(2): 20-31
30冯海龙.基本价值链与竞争优势——对波特观点的修正与完善.经济经纬. 2007(5): 100-103
31 Raphael Amit, Christoph Zott. Value Creation in E-business. Strategic Management Journal. 2001(22): 493-520
32 Roy McLarty. The Essentials of Value Chain Implementation in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Strategic Change. 2005(14): 45-58
33陈国英.企业价值链——竞争优势的重要战略.现代企业. 2005(7): 18-19
34 Sparkman.R.E, Forbes.T.M, Isabelle,L.A, Macavor.T.C. Alliance Management: A View from the Past and A Look to the Future. Journal of Management Studies. 1998(6): 747-772
35 Teece.D.J.. Competition, Cooperation and Innovation: Organizational Arrangements for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1992(18): 1-25
36陈朝晖.企业竞争优势的递增机制:基于价值链理论的一种解释.经济问题探索. 2007(12): 144-148
37武文生,邵琳琳.价值链的变迁.未来与发展. 2003(1): 19-21
38乔吉俊.从价值链到供应链——企业竞争优势理论的衍变.机械管理开发. 2003(2): 93-95
39 Yogesh Malhotra. Knowledge Mnaagement of E-Business Performance: Advancing Information Startegic to Intenret Time Inofmration Startegy [J].The Excecutive’s Jounral. 2000(4)
40蒋峦,谢卫红,蓝海林.企业竞争优势理论综述.软科学. 2005(4): 14-18
41陆淳鸿.企业竞争优势理论演进评述.经济问题. 2007(4): 23-25
42唐心志,王宇.企业竞争优势理论研究综述.成都电子机械高等专科学校学报. 2005(3): 66-70
43 F.J.Riggins, Hyeun-Suk Rhee. Toward a Unified View of EC. Commuication of the Acm. 1998
44稽国平,孟鹰.企业竞争优势的理论回顾及研究趋势.商业研究. 2006(11): 30-35
45陈文丰,邵翔.价值链研究与创新.未来与发展. 2003(1): 23-25
46迟晓英,宣国良.价值链研究发展综述.外国经济与管理. 2000(1): 25-30
47 Mareh H. Meyer. Make Plat from Innovation Drive Enterprise Growth. Researeh: Teehnology Management. 2001(1): 44
48夏颖.价值链理论初探.理论观察. 2003(1): 136-137
49黄应忠,刘志坚.基于人力资源价值链的中小企业发展研究.商场现代化. 2007(4): 317-318
50马媛,白斌.基于价值链的人力资源管理模型.沿海企业与科技. 2006(3): 195-210
51 Holm.D.B, Eriksson.K, Johanson.J. Business Networks and Cooperation in International Business Relationships. Journal of International Business Studies. 1996(5): 1033-1054
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67邵琳琳,王成刚.新经济时代的价值链分析方法.未来与发展. 2003(1): 21-23
2张继焦.《价值链管理》.中国物价出版社. 2001, 10
3 M·艾根, P·舒斯特尔.《超循环论》.上海译文出版社. 1990
4晏文胜,陈述.企业生命周期与超循环理论探析.现代管理科学. 2004(12): 57-58
5吴敏锦,刘刚.基于超循环的战略联盟系统研究.广东商学院学报. 2004(6): 47-50
6杨艳萍,孙华.基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究.技术经济与管理研究. 2008(2): 24-26
7李建华.超循环:一个完整的自组织原理.系统辩证学学报. 1995, 3(1): 82-87
8曾国屏.超循环自组织理论.科学、技术与辩证法. 1988(4): 63-85
9张则强,程文明,吴晓,王金诺.循环经济的价值增值与超循环理论.科学进步与对策. 2006(3):45-47
10刘建香.超循环理论在供应链联盟中的应用.商业经济文荟. 2006(3): 26-28
11谢获宝,张勇涛.价值链与企业竞争优势.今日工程机械.2006(10):86-88
12 Charles B. Stabell, Ystein D. Fjeldstad. Configuring Value for Competitive Advance: onChain, Shop, and Network. Strategic Management Journal. 1998(19): 413-437
13李建勇,查建中,鄂明成.超循环理论与动态联盟的细胞化结构模型.中国工程机械. 2000, 11(12): 1414-1416
14赵黎明,付春满.基于超循环理论的科技企业孵化器运行机理研究.中国科技论坛. 2008(1): 60-62
15吴洁.产学研合作中高校知识转移的超循环模型及作用研究.研究与发展管理. 2007, 19(4): 119-123
16胡继灵.高新技术企业管理的超循环理论观.系统辩证学学报. 2002, 10(2): 53-56
17 Tim Edwards, Giuliana Battisti, Andy Neely. Value Creation and the UK Economy: a Review of Strategic Options. International Journal of Management Reviews. 2004(5): 191-213
18 Philip Crossland, Faye L. Smith. Value Creation in Fine Arts: a System Dynamics Model of Inverse Demand and Information Cascades. Strategic Management Journal. 2002(23): 417-434
19 Janet Hartley. Collaborative Value Analysis: Experiences from the Automotive Industry. The journal of Supply Chain Management. Fall 2000: 27-32
20刘满凤,黎志成,胡大力.变革价值链提高竞争优势.企业经济. 2001(5): 10-12
21齐振彪,何志昂.创造企业竞争优势之路——价值链管理.企业经济2003(8): 113-114
22齐韦存.高技术企业价值链与竞争优势研究.科技信息. 2006, (12): 211-213
23余来文,杜跃平,安立仁.基于核心能力的企业价值链分析.现代管理科学. 2006(12): 18-19
24 Jeremy K. Hall, Michael J. C. Martin. Disruptive Technologies, Stakeholders and the Innovation Value-added Chain: a Framework for Evaluating Radical Technology Development. R&D Management. 2005, 35(3): 273-284
25 Tom Osenton. Customer Share, Value, and Business Success. Thunderbird International Business Review. 2005, 47(2): 255-262
26张兰霞.价值链:一种确定企业竞争优势的新方法.沈阳师范学院学报·社会科学版. 1999, 23(5): 72-76
27刘岚.价值链管理与提升企业核心竞争力研究.武汉冶金管理干部学院学报. 2004(3): 26-28
28骆正东.企业的价值链与竞争优势探讨.企业经济. 2002(5): 54-55
29 Phillip E. Pfeifer, Paul w. Farris. The Elasticity of Customer Value to Retention: the Duration of a Customer Relationship. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 2004, 18(2): 20-31
30冯海龙.基本价值链与竞争优势——对波特观点的修正与完善.经济经纬. 2007(5): 100-103
31 Raphael Amit, Christoph Zott. Value Creation in E-business. Strategic Management Journal. 2001(22): 493-520
32 Roy McLarty. The Essentials of Value Chain Implementation in Small and Medium Sized Enterprises. Strategic Change. 2005(14): 45-58
33陈国英.企业价值链——竞争优势的重要战略.现代企业. 2005(7): 18-19
34 Sparkman.R.E, Forbes.T.M, Isabelle,L.A, Macavor.T.C. Alliance Management: A View from the Past and A Look to the Future. Journal of Management Studies. 1998(6): 747-772
35 Teece.D.J.. Competition, Cooperation and Innovation: Organizational Arrangements for Regimes of Rapid Technological Progress. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization. 1992(18): 1-25
36陈朝晖.企业竞争优势的递增机制:基于价值链理论的一种解释.经济问题探索. 2007(12): 144-148
37武文生,邵琳琳.价值链的变迁.未来与发展. 2003(1): 19-21
38乔吉俊.从价值链到供应链——企业竞争优势理论的衍变.机械管理开发. 2003(2): 93-95
39 Yogesh Malhotra. Knowledge Mnaagement of E-Business Performance: Advancing Information Startegic to Intenret Time Inofmration Startegy [J].The Excecutive’s Jounral. 2000(4)
40蒋峦,谢卫红,蓝海林.企业竞争优势理论综述.软科学. 2005(4): 14-18
41陆淳鸿.企业竞争优势理论演进评述.经济问题. 2007(4): 23-25
42唐心志,王宇.企业竞争优势理论研究综述.成都电子机械高等专科学校学报. 2005(3): 66-70
43 F.J.Riggins, Hyeun-Suk Rhee. Toward a Unified View of EC. Commuication of the Acm. 1998
44稽国平,孟鹰.企业竞争优势的理论回顾及研究趋势.商业研究. 2006(11): 30-35
45陈文丰,邵翔.价值链研究与创新.未来与发展. 2003(1): 23-25
46迟晓英,宣国良.价值链研究发展综述.外国经济与管理. 2000(1): 25-30
47 Mareh H. Meyer. Make Plat from Innovation Drive Enterprise Growth. Researeh: Teehnology Management. 2001(1): 44
48夏颖.价值链理论初探.理论观察. 2003(1): 136-137
49黄应忠,刘志坚.基于人力资源价值链的中小企业发展研究.商场现代化. 2007(4): 317-318
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