基于超循环理论的企业生命周期分析
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摘要
随着各国之间、各企业之间的竞争日益激烈,企业的生存环境变得空前复杂,对企业生存与发展的研究就渐渐取代了以利润、成本、效益为主题的研究。在经历有史以来最严重的经济危机后,面对世界范围内更加激烈的竞争,如何维持企业的生存并可持续发展,将成为企业急需研究解决的主题。
本篇论文着重进行了超循环理论下的企业生命周期的研究,借助于超循环理论、企业生命周期理论、控制理论等先进的理论研究方法,通过理论介绍、模型构建等方法,试图从超循环的角度去诠释企业的生命是如何得到延续的。
首先,本文详细论述了超循环理论的研究现状及其进化原理;企业生命周期理论的研究现状及其阶段划分;控制论的相关理论等问题。本文认为大多数企业的生命周期可以归纳为四个阶段:初生期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期。然后,在基础理论研究的基础上对企业内部系统的生命特征进行超循环分析,并构建了企业生命周期的超循环模型,指出企业是一个具有复杂结构的超循环组织,企业内部各子系统之间既存在同层次交叉超循环,也存在异层次交叉超循环,这种错综复杂的循环互补,为企业生命的延续提供了可能。接着通过对企业各阶段的状况进行判定,并对各子系统进行整体优化,结合控制论构建了企业生命的延展模型,通过正、负反馈,既能保证企业不断向前发展,又能使企业不断分析问题,保持自身的稳定。最后,本文通过对丰田汽车公司进行分析,有力地证明了超循环模型的系统性、动态性、开放性、实践可行性和有效性。
With the intensifying competition among countries and enterprises in the world, the survival environment of enterprises is worse than ever. The research of enterprises development has gradually replaced the research which cost, profit, efficiency is its subject. After experienced the most serious economic crisis throughout history, competition is more sharper, therefore, maintaining the development of enterprise is the subject.
This thesis focuses on the research of enterprise life cycle based on the hyper-cycle, with the aid in some advanced fundamental research method, such as the hyper-cycle theories, enterprise life cycle theory, control theory, etc. Through methods of theories introduction and model construction, attempt to explain from ultra hyper-cycle angle how does enterprises’life is obtain the extension.
First, the thesis elaborated the present situation research of the hyper-cycle theory and its evolution principle in detail; the present situation research of the enterprise life cycle theory and its division in stage; correlation theories of control theory, etc. The thesis thought the life cycle of majority enterprises can divide into four stages: newborn time, growth period, mature period and winter. Then according to basic study foundation, we carry on the hyper-cycle analysis to the enterprise internal system's life characteristic, and contruct enterprise life cycle model based on the hyper-cycle, point out that the enterprise is a baroque hyper-cycle system, there not only exists the same level cross catalyzing but also exists the different level cross catalyzing among enterprise interior various subsystems, this kind of intriguing circulation supplementary provids the possibility for the enterprise life's extension. Then through carries on the monitoring to the enterprise various stages' condition, and carries on the whole optimization to various subsystems, constructs the enterprise life delaying model. Through regeneration and negative feedback, both can guarantee that the enterprise develops forward unceasingly, and can make the enterprise to analyze the question unceasingly, maintains own stable. Finally, This thesis through carries on the analysis to the Toyota Car company, effectively proves the dynamic, openness, the practice feasibility and the validity powerfully of the hyper-cycle model.
本篇论文着重进行了超循环理论下的企业生命周期的研究,借助于超循环理论、企业生命周期理论、控制理论等先进的理论研究方法,通过理论介绍、模型构建等方法,试图从超循环的角度去诠释企业的生命是如何得到延续的。
首先,本文详细论述了超循环理论的研究现状及其进化原理;企业生命周期理论的研究现状及其阶段划分;控制论的相关理论等问题。本文认为大多数企业的生命周期可以归纳为四个阶段:初生期、成长期、成熟期、衰退期。然后,在基础理论研究的基础上对企业内部系统的生命特征进行超循环分析,并构建了企业生命周期的超循环模型,指出企业是一个具有复杂结构的超循环组织,企业内部各子系统之间既存在同层次交叉超循环,也存在异层次交叉超循环,这种错综复杂的循环互补,为企业生命的延续提供了可能。接着通过对企业各阶段的状况进行判定,并对各子系统进行整体优化,结合控制论构建了企业生命的延展模型,通过正、负反馈,既能保证企业不断向前发展,又能使企业不断分析问题,保持自身的稳定。最后,本文通过对丰田汽车公司进行分析,有力地证明了超循环模型的系统性、动态性、开放性、实践可行性和有效性。
With the intensifying competition among countries and enterprises in the world, the survival environment of enterprises is worse than ever. The research of enterprises development has gradually replaced the research which cost, profit, efficiency is its subject. After experienced the most serious economic crisis throughout history, competition is more sharper, therefore, maintaining the development of enterprise is the subject.
This thesis focuses on the research of enterprise life cycle based on the hyper-cycle, with the aid in some advanced fundamental research method, such as the hyper-cycle theories, enterprise life cycle theory, control theory, etc. Through methods of theories introduction and model construction, attempt to explain from ultra hyper-cycle angle how does enterprises’life is obtain the extension.
First, the thesis elaborated the present situation research of the hyper-cycle theory and its evolution principle in detail; the present situation research of the enterprise life cycle theory and its division in stage; correlation theories of control theory, etc. The thesis thought the life cycle of majority enterprises can divide into four stages: newborn time, growth period, mature period and winter. Then according to basic study foundation, we carry on the hyper-cycle analysis to the enterprise internal system's life characteristic, and contruct enterprise life cycle model based on the hyper-cycle, point out that the enterprise is a baroque hyper-cycle system, there not only exists the same level cross catalyzing but also exists the different level cross catalyzing among enterprise interior various subsystems, this kind of intriguing circulation supplementary provids the possibility for the enterprise life's extension. Then through carries on the monitoring to the enterprise various stages' condition, and carries on the whole optimization to various subsystems, constructs the enterprise life delaying model. Through regeneration and negative feedback, both can guarantee that the enterprise develops forward unceasingly, and can make the enterprise to analyze the question unceasingly, maintains own stable. Finally, This thesis through carries on the analysis to the Toyota Car company, effectively proves the dynamic, openness, the practice feasibility and the validity powerfully of the hyper-cycle model.
引文
1 Greiner.Larry.E.Evolution and Revolution as Organization Grow. Havard Business Review. 1972,(3):40~52
2伊查克·爱迪思.企业生命周期赵睿译.华夏出版社. 1997:22~183 (corporate Life cycle: How and Why Corporate Grow and Die and What to Do About It)
3陈佳贵.关于企业生命周期与企业蜕变的探讨.中国工业经济. 1995, (11):5~13
4 Eigen. Metal. Scientific American. 1981, 244(4):86
5 John F. Padgett,Doowan Lee and Nick Collier. Economic Production As Chemistry [DB/OL]. Santafe working Papers.2003,(6):25~30
6 M·艾根.超循环论.曾国屏,沈小峰泽.上海译文出版社. 1990:61
7 H. Haken. Synergetica-An Introduction. New York: Springer Verlag. 1977:74～80
8 Rene.Thom.Structuralstabilityand morphogenesis Pattern Recognition. 1976, 8(1): 61
9 Edward N. Lorenz. The local structure of a chaotic attractor in four dimensions Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena. August 1984,13(1-2):90～104
10 R. Cioczek-Georges and B. B. Mandelbrot. A class of micropulses and antipersistent fractional Brownian motion Stochastic Processes and their Applications. November 1995,60(1):1～18
11拉兹洛著.闵家胤译.进化—广义综合理论.社会科学文献出版社. 1988:15
12 B康芒纳著.候文蕙译.封闭的循环.吉林人民出版社,1997:25
13胡晓波.试论经济系统超循环结构及其功能.系统辨证学学报. 1996, (02):47~51
14王兆宾.基于超循环理论的企业组织结构演化探析.经济师. 2006, (05):70
15牛龙菲.超循环的太极循环—人文进化与一般进化的根本内在机制.晋阳学刊,1992,(03):90~101
16刘建香.超循环理论在供应链联盟中的应用.商讯商业经济文荟,2006, (03):26~28
17姜原子,田也壮,杨洋,方淑芬.组织循环的稳定性分析.管理工程学报. 2004,(04):73~76
18姜原子.基于主动成本控制组织循环模型构建.管理学报. 2005,(04):430~433
19杨艳萍.基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究.技术经济与管理研究. 2008,(02):24~26
20李刚.企业自主创新的自组织机理研究.科技进步与对策. 2007,(09):137~140
21张国锦.集群企业知识创新机制研究.西安财经学院学报. 2006,(05):46~49
22吴敏锦,刘刚.基于超循环的战略联盟系统研究.广东商学院学报. 2004, (06):47~50
23吴延涪.新自然史—自组织理论与自然系统的演化.北京化学工业出版社. 1993:37~40
24杨洋.基于主动成本控制的组织循环研究.哈尔滨工业大学管理学硕士论文. 2002:31
25吴延涪.新自然史—自组织理论与自然系统的演化.北京化学工业出版社. 1993:374
26 M.艾根,P.舒斯特尔〔德〕.超循环论.上海译文出版社. 1990:13
27 P. Bak. How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality. New York: Copernocus Press for Springer-Verlag. 1987:63～65
28 P. B. Chock, F. Eggers, M. Eigen and R. Winkler. Relaxation studies on complex formation of macrocyclic and open chain antibiotics with monovalent cations Biophysical Chemistry. March 1977,6(3):239～251
29刘振.发展循环经济实现可持续发展—自组织超循环运行机理透视.节能与环保. 2004,(8):23
30 M.艾根,p,舒斯特尔德.超循环论.上海译文出版社. 1990:136
31吴彤.自组织方法论研究.清华大学出版社. 2001:31
32李建华.超循环:一个完整的自组织原理.系统辨证学学报. 1995,(3):83
33刘振.发展循环经济实现可持续发展—自组织超循环运行机理透视.节能与环保. 2004,(8):23
34姜原子,田也壮,杨洋,方淑芬.组织循环的稳定性分析.管理工程学报. 2004,(4):73
35刘运显.系统科学与人的发展之断想.武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版). 2004,6(2):123
36曾国屏.超循环自组织理论.科学技术与辩证法. 1988,(4):63~68
37魏光兴.企业生命周期理论综述及简评.生产力研究. 2005,(6):231~234
38 J W.Gardner.How to prevent to organizational dry not. Harper’s Magazine.1965,321(10):20~26
39 Larry.E.Greiner,“Evolution and Revolution as Organization Grow”. Harvard Business Review. 1972,(7):182~185
40李业.企业生命周期的修正模型及思考.南方经济. 2000,(2):47~50
41高源源与企业生命周期相结合的人力资源成本控制. 2008,(09):170
42芮明杰.管理学—现代的观点.上海人民出版社. 1999,(5):95~96
43包雪青.从企业生命周期角度看财务管理目标.交通企业管理. 2000,(12):11~12
44孔宁宁.基于企业生命周期的财务战略选择.财会通讯. 2004,(22):40~42
45向锐,李琪琦.民营企业生命周期不同阶段财务战略剖析.西南财经大学学报. 2004,(05):126~130
46徐晓燕.基于企业生命周期的财务诊断方法.预测. 2004,(04):61~64
47马晓红.基于企业生命周期的人力资源管理的探讨.沿海企业与科技. 2005,(07):180~181
48辛浩力.借助关键业绩指标(KPI)切实落实企业战略.中国人力资源开发. 2003,(05):49~50
49范林榜.薪酬战略与企业文化.企业管理. 2007,(04):101~102
50汪兴东,罗婉容.基于企业生命周期企业文化构建的策略性分析.商业研究. 2005,(16):49~51
51纪国涛,黎明.企业生命周期不同发展阶段的文化视角分析.理论界. 2006,(03):161~162
52 Ichak Adizes,“Organizational Passages:Diagnosing and Treating Life Cycle Problems of Organizations”. Organizational Dynamics, Summer. 1979:2~25
53 Adizes, I. ,“Corporate Lifecycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About It”, Prentice Hall, 1989:63~75
54诺伯特·维纳.控制论—关于在动物和机器中控制和通讯的科学.北京:科学出版社. 1962:54~62
55 Haken. Information and Self-Organized. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1998: 109～110
56 P. Bak, C. Tang, and K. Wiesenfeld. Self-Organized Criticality: An Explanation of f noise. Physical Review Letters. 1987, 59 (4):32～34
57 P. Bak, C. Kan. Self-Organized Criticality. Scientific American. 1991 :246～249
2伊查克·爱迪思.企业生命周期赵睿译.华夏出版社. 1997:22~183 (corporate Life cycle: How and Why Corporate Grow and Die and What to Do About It)
3陈佳贵.关于企业生命周期与企业蜕变的探讨.中国工业经济. 1995, (11):5~13
4 Eigen. Metal. Scientific American. 1981, 244(4):86
5 John F. Padgett,Doowan Lee and Nick Collier. Economic Production As Chemistry [DB/OL]. Santafe working Papers.2003,(6):25~30
6 M·艾根.超循环论.曾国屏,沈小峰泽.上海译文出版社. 1990:61
7 H. Haken. Synergetica-An Introduction. New York: Springer Verlag. 1977:74～80
8 Rene.Thom.Structuralstabilityand morphogenesis Pattern Recognition. 1976, 8(1): 61
9 Edward N. Lorenz. The local structure of a chaotic attractor in four dimensions Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena. August 1984,13(1-2):90～104
10 R. Cioczek-Georges and B. B. Mandelbrot. A class of micropulses and antipersistent fractional Brownian motion Stochastic Processes and their Applications. November 1995,60(1):1～18
11拉兹洛著.闵家胤译.进化—广义综合理论.社会科学文献出版社. 1988:15
12 B康芒纳著.候文蕙译.封闭的循环.吉林人民出版社,1997:25
13胡晓波.试论经济系统超循环结构及其功能.系统辨证学学报. 1996, (02):47~51
14王兆宾.基于超循环理论的企业组织结构演化探析.经济师. 2006, (05):70
15牛龙菲.超循环的太极循环—人文进化与一般进化的根本内在机制.晋阳学刊,1992,(03):90~101
16刘建香.超循环理论在供应链联盟中的应用.商讯商业经济文荟,2006, (03):26~28
17姜原子,田也壮,杨洋,方淑芬.组织循环的稳定性分析.管理工程学报. 2004,(04):73~76
18姜原子.基于主动成本控制组织循环模型构建.管理学报. 2005,(04):430~433
19杨艳萍.基于超循环理论的企业创新网络形成与演化机理研究.技术经济与管理研究. 2008,(02):24~26
20李刚.企业自主创新的自组织机理研究.科技进步与对策. 2007,(09):137~140
21张国锦.集群企业知识创新机制研究.西安财经学院学报. 2006,(05):46~49
22吴敏锦,刘刚.基于超循环的战略联盟系统研究.广东商学院学报. 2004, (06):47~50
23吴延涪.新自然史—自组织理论与自然系统的演化.北京化学工业出版社. 1993:37~40
24杨洋.基于主动成本控制的组织循环研究.哈尔滨工业大学管理学硕士论文. 2002:31
25吴延涪.新自然史—自组织理论与自然系统的演化.北京化学工业出版社. 1993:374
26 M.艾根,P.舒斯特尔〔德〕.超循环论.上海译文出版社. 1990:13
27 P. Bak. How Nature Works: The Science of Self-Organized Criticality. New York: Copernocus Press for Springer-Verlag. 1987:63～65
28 P. B. Chock, F. Eggers, M. Eigen and R. Winkler. Relaxation studies on complex formation of macrocyclic and open chain antibiotics with monovalent cations Biophysical Chemistry. March 1977,6(3):239～251
29刘振.发展循环经济实现可持续发展—自组织超循环运行机理透视.节能与环保. 2004,(8):23
30 M.艾根,p,舒斯特尔德.超循环论.上海译文出版社. 1990:136
31吴彤.自组织方法论研究.清华大学出版社. 2001:31
32李建华.超循环:一个完整的自组织原理.系统辨证学学报. 1995,(3):83
33刘振.发展循环经济实现可持续发展—自组织超循环运行机理透视.节能与环保. 2004,(8):23
34姜原子,田也壮,杨洋,方淑芬.组织循环的稳定性分析.管理工程学报. 2004,(4):73
35刘运显.系统科学与人的发展之断想.武汉科技大学学报(社会科学版). 2004,6(2):123
36曾国屏.超循环自组织理论.科学技术与辩证法. 1988,(4):63~68
37魏光兴.企业生命周期理论综述及简评.生产力研究. 2005,(6):231~234
38 J W.Gardner.How to prevent to organizational dry not. Harper’s Magazine.1965,321(10):20~26
39 Larry.E.Greiner,“Evolution and Revolution as Organization Grow”. Harvard Business Review. 1972,(7):182~185
40李业.企业生命周期的修正模型及思考.南方经济. 2000,(2):47~50
41高源源与企业生命周期相结合的人力资源成本控制. 2008,(09):170
42芮明杰.管理学—现代的观点.上海人民出版社. 1999,(5):95~96
43包雪青.从企业生命周期角度看财务管理目标.交通企业管理. 2000,(12):11~12
44孔宁宁.基于企业生命周期的财务战略选择.财会通讯. 2004,(22):40~42
45向锐,李琪琦.民营企业生命周期不同阶段财务战略剖析.西南财经大学学报. 2004,(05):126~130
46徐晓燕.基于企业生命周期的财务诊断方法.预测. 2004,(04):61~64
47马晓红.基于企业生命周期的人力资源管理的探讨.沿海企业与科技. 2005,(07):180~181
48辛浩力.借助关键业绩指标(KPI)切实落实企业战略.中国人力资源开发. 2003,(05):49~50
49范林榜.薪酬战略与企业文化.企业管理. 2007,(04):101~102
50汪兴东,罗婉容.基于企业生命周期企业文化构建的策略性分析.商业研究. 2005,(16):49~51
51纪国涛,黎明.企业生命周期不同发展阶段的文化视角分析.理论界. 2006,(03):161~162
52 Ichak Adizes,“Organizational Passages:Diagnosing and Treating Life Cycle Problems of Organizations”. Organizational Dynamics, Summer. 1979:2~25
53 Adizes, I. ,“Corporate Lifecycles: How and Why Corporations Grow and Die and What to Do About It”, Prentice Hall, 1989:63~75
54诺伯特·维纳.控制论—关于在动物和机器中控制和通讯的科学.北京:科学出版社. 1962:54~62
55 Haken. Information and Self-Organized. New York: Springer-Verlag. 1998: 109～110
56 P. Bak, C. Tang, and K. Wiesenfeld. Self-Organized Criticality: An Explanation of f noise. Physical Review Letters. 1987, 59 (4):32～34
57 P. Bak, C. Kan. Self-Organized Criticality. Scientific American. 1991 :246～249