基于循环相关的复合系统多普勒频移抑制模型
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摘要
扩频通信测距复合系统在同一载频测控的基础上,采用扩频技术,将伪码扩频通信与伪码测距结合为一体,共用一套收发设备,进行扩频通信的同时可以完成测距任务。
     由于待测物相对于地面终端存在相对的径向运动,信号会产生多普勒效应。多普勒效应使信号的载频发生偏移。这样,如果两个信号的发射频率间隔不够大时(小于最大可能的多普勒频移),在接收端会产生相互干扰;同时,它也使载频偏离接收机滤波器的中心频率,从而使输出信号幅度下降;另外,它也造成信号在一个码元的持续时间内有较大的相位误差。因此对扩频通信测距复合系统,在不使硬件复杂化的前提下,提高系统多普勒频移抑制能力具有重要的实际意义。
     因为多普勒频移的不定性,一般接收端信号的捕获采用非相干环路——锁相环。依靠锁相环路的牵引作用,可使压控振荡器输出的本地载频不断向输入载频靠近,并跟踪输入载频的变化。但是,一旦多普勒频移超出了锁相环的频率捕捉范围,就无法完成载频同步。
     在扩频通信测距复合系统中,由信号产生原理可知,发射端信号同时隐含了符号与码元的周期性,具有二阶循环平稳性。为了解决动态环境下的载波同步问题,本文利用循环谱理论对接收到信号的载频进行估计,然后将得到的载频估计值变换为相差接收端中频值的另一载频值;再将得到的载频值通过直接数字式频率合成器产生本地载波,与接收到的信号相乘,产生接收端中频信号,即完成锁频功能。得到的中频接收信号最后通过锁相环,最终完成载波同步和数据解调,即完成锁相功能。且经过循环谱锁频部分,能得到不受多普勒效应影响的固定中频信号,可以缓解动态环境下,锁相环接收机必须承受的捕获带宽与动态性能之间的矛盾,且同时满足跟踪精度与动态性能的要求。
The Multiplex System of Communication and Range Measurement is based on a carrier. It adopts the technology of Spread Spectrum, combining the Spread Spectrum Communication with range measurement. So it can achieve Spread Spectrum Communication and range measurement synchronously.
     Because the object relative to the terminal exist radial movement, it brings Doppler Effect. And the Doppler frequency shift makes the excursion of the signal carrier to the center frequency of receiver's filter. If the frequency alternation of two sending signals is not large enough, there will be mutual interference at the receiver, too. Meantime the Doppler frequency shift will make the signal exist phase error in a persistence time of one code. So there is important significance in Multiplex System to improve the capability of restraint of Doppler Effect.
     For the uncertainty of Doppler frequency shift, the capture of signal usually uses the PLL. Depending on the traction of PLL, the local carrier of VCO is close to the input carrier and tracks the changes of the input carrier. When the communication condition is disgusting, the usage of PLL has advantage over the capture of signal. But if the Doppler frequency offset exceed the capture range of PLL, the carrier synchronization will fail.
     In the communication of Multiplex System for the making principle of signal, the DS signal contains the periodicity of symbol and code. And it is a second order cyclostationary signal. In order to solve the carrier synchronization of dynamic environment, this paper applies cyclic spectrum theory to estimate the carrier value of the receiver signal and make this carrier value subtract from a intermediate frequency value. So we gain another carrier value and let the new carrier value act on Direct Digital Synthesizer to produce local carrier. Multiplying the receiving signal, we can get intermediate frequency signal of the receiver part and achieve the frequency locked function. In the end, the intermediate frequency acts on the Phase Locked Loop. With the help of PLL, the carrier synchronization and data demodulation can be fulfilled. The phase locked part is accomplished. By the frequency locked part of cyclic spectrum, we can gain fixed intermediate
     Frequency that is immune from Doppler Effect. So the illogicality of capture range and dynamic capability of PLL receiver will be solved in the dynamic environment. At the same time, the requirement of track precision and dynamic capability can be satisfied.
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