Beagle 犬微卫星DNA多态性研究
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摘要
本文利用随机选择的位于Beagle犬不同染色体上的微卫星位点40个，从中筛选出多态性高、重复性好的16个微卫星位点，用PCR技术对三个Beagle犬种群的遗传多样性进行了分析和研究。旨在为Beagle犬遗传资源的合理利用及保护提供科学依据。
1，从已发表的40个微卫星位点中筛选出在本实验的三个Beagle犬种群中表现出多态性高、重复性好的16个微卫星位点，共检测到175个等位基因。
2，计算出16个微卫星位点的等位基因频率和特有等位基因频率，并以等位基因频率为基础，得出三个群体平均多态信息含量，群体基因杂合度，分别在0.55-0.85、0.66-0.88之间，从而说明各群体间保持了良好的多态性。
3，由实验结果得到了三个群体间的遗传距离D_A，结果表明三个群体间保持了遗传的一致性，并没有产生较大的基因变异。
Sixteen microsatellite loci are selected from forty microsatellite loci on different chromosomes ,which shows highly polymorphisms and fine repeat. They are used in this experiment to analysis the genetic diversity of three Beagle canine by PCR analysis in order to offer basis of use and protection of Beagle canine genetics.
1 The sixteen microsatellite loci which are selected from forty published ones show highly polymorphisms. We get 175 alleles.
2 Calculating the allele frequency and the special allele frequency of sixteen microsatellites loci , and basing the allele frequency , we get the polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of three Beagle canine. The result are 0.55-0.85, 0.66-0.88 respecially. These results show that the genetic variation is abundant in every breed.
3 In this experiment we get DA genetic distance. The results show that the genetic of three breeds keep consistency.
1，从已发表的40个微卫星位点中筛选出在本实验的三个Beagle犬种群中表现出多态性高、重复性好的16个微卫星位点，共检测到175个等位基因。
2，计算出16个微卫星位点的等位基因频率和特有等位基因频率，并以等位基因频率为基础，得出三个群体平均多态信息含量，群体基因杂合度，分别在0.55-0.85、0.66-0.88之间，从而说明各群体间保持了良好的多态性。
3，由实验结果得到了三个群体间的遗传距离D_A，结果表明三个群体间保持了遗传的一致性，并没有产生较大的基因变异。
Sixteen microsatellite loci are selected from forty microsatellite loci on different chromosomes ,which shows highly polymorphisms and fine repeat. They are used in this experiment to analysis the genetic diversity of three Beagle canine by PCR analysis in order to offer basis of use and protection of Beagle canine genetics.
1 The sixteen microsatellite loci which are selected from forty published ones show highly polymorphisms. We get 175 alleles.
2 Calculating the allele frequency and the special allele frequency of sixteen microsatellites loci , and basing the allele frequency , we get the polymorphism information content and heterozygosity of three Beagle canine. The result are 0.55-0.85, 0.66-0.88 respecially. These results show that the genetic variation is abundant in every breed.
3 In this experiment we get DA genetic distance. The results show that the genetic of three breeds keep consistency.
引文
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13. Weber J. L., Maype. A bundant class of human an DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction[J]. American Journal of Human Genetics, 1989,44:388～396
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32. Ellegren H, Chandhary B P, Johansson M et al. A primary linkage map of the porcine genome reveals a low rate of genetic recombination. Genetics, 1994,137:1089～1100
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动物遗传育种学术研讨会论文集．1999，32～36．
35．张细权，吕雪梅，杨玉华等．用微卫星多态性和RAPD分析广东地方鸡种的群体遗传变异．遗传学报，1998，25(2)：112—119
36．陈国宏．中国部分地方鸡种血浆酯酶多态性研究．第六次全国畜禽遗传标记研讨会论文集．1998．
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44. Andrew J. G. simpson, Sergio D.J. Pena et al. Microsatellite instability as a tool for the classification of gastric cancer. Trends in Molecular Medicine.[J]2001,7(2):76～80
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51．龚炎长．猪微卫星DNA的克隆、特性分析及应用研究．中国农业大学博士学位论文，北京，1997
52．吕学斌，陈晓晖，应三成等．四个猪种微卫星DNA多态性检测及杂种优势预测．四川大学学报，2000，10(37)：135—138
53．唐伯平，周开亚，宋大祥等．分子系统学的发展及其现状．生物学通报，1999，34(5)：10—12
54．张树辉，魏泓，史景泉．近交系小鼠微卫星DNA多态性的研究．遗传，2000，22(6)：375—378
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3. Skinner D M,Beattie W G, Blattner F R, et al. The sequence of a hermit crab satellite DNA in (-TAGG-)n-(-TAGG-)n[J].Biochemistry, 1974,13:3930～3937
4. Tautz, D. Hypervariability of simple sequence as a general source for polymorphic DNA markers. Nucleic Acid. Res.,17:6443～6471
5. Ali S., Meller C. R., Epplen J. T. Hum. Genet. 1986, 74:239～243
6. Jeffreys, A. J.,V. Wilson, L. Thein. Hypervariable minisatellite regions in human DNA. Nature. 314:67
7. Navajas M. J., Thistle wood H. M. A., Lagnel J., Hughes L. Insect Mol. Biology. 1998,7:249～256
8. Sanchez J. A., et al. Protein and microsatellite single locus variability in Salmo Salar L. (Atlantic Salmon). Heredity. 1996, 77(4):423～432.
9. Sun G L., et al. Genetic diversity in Elymus Caninus as revealed by isozyme, RAPD, and microsatellite DNA polymorphisms. J. Hered. 1998,89(6):543～546
10. Ponsuksili S. et al. Evaluation of genetic variation within and between different chicken lines by DNA fingerprinting. J. Hered. 1998,89(1): 17～23
11．张艳，张树义．微卫星方法简介[J]．动物学杂志，1999，34(2)：42～45
12．刘榜，张庆德等．微卫星DNA作为遗传标记的优点及前景[J]．湖北农业科学，1997(2)：49～51．
13. Weber J. L., Maype. A bundant class of human an DNA polymorphisms which can be typed using the polymerase chain reaction[J]. American Journal of Human Genetics, 1989,44:388～396
14．安瑞生，谭声江，陈晓峰等．微卫星DNA在分子遗传标记研究中的应用[J]．昆虫知识，2002，39(3)：165—172
15．根井正利著，王家玉译．分子群体遗传学与进化论．北京农业出版社，1983．
16．何平．真核生物中的微卫星及其应用[J]．遗传，1998，20(4)：42—47
17．徐莉．微卫星DNA标记技术及其在遗传多样性研究中的应用[J]．西北植物学报．2002，22(3)：714—722．
18．王昕．中国部分地方猪种微卫星是DNA指纹的群体遗传学研究．西北农林科技大学硕士研究生论文．2002．
19．吴登俊．家畜基因组遗传多态性标记—微卫星标记研究进展[J]．国外畜牧科技．1999，26(1)：37～40．
20．张亚平，王文．大熊猫微卫星DNA的筛选及其应用[J]．动物学研究，1995，16(4)：301—306
21．项坤三，郑泰山，王延庆等．用二核苷酸简单串联重复顺序多态位点进行中国人个体鉴别[J]．中华医学遗传学杂志．1996，13(3)：143—148
22．侯冠彧．微卫星DNA技术评估绵羊品种的遗传多样性．内蒙古农业大学硕士研究生论文．2003．
23．[英]T．A．布朗著．袁建刚，周严，强伯勤译．基因组。科学出版社．2002．
24. Zajc. I., Sampson J. Utility of canine microsatellite in revealing the relationships of pure breed dog.[J]. Hered. 1999.
25. Morera L, Barba C. J., Garrido J J. et al. Genetic variation detected by microsatellite in five Spanish dog breeds.[J], the Journal of Heredity,1999, 90(6):654～656.
26．J．萨姆希鲁克，E．F．弗里克，T．曼尼阿蒂斯．分子克隆实验指南．科学出版社．1999 年第二版．
27．郭平仲编著．数量遗传分析．北京师范学院出版社．1987．
28. Barker J S F, Moore S S, Hetzel D J Set al. Genetic diversity of Asian water buffalo: microsatellite variation and a comparison with protein-coding loci. Anim Gene, 1997,28:103～115
29. Nei M. Estimation of average heterozygosity and genetic distance from a small number of individuals. Geneitcs, 1978,89:583～590
30. Botstein David, White Raymond L, Skolnick Mark et al. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Hum Genet,1980,32:314～331
31．张继全．多位点基因型遗传距离的估测精度[J]．畜牧兽医学报，1998，29(2)：128～131．
32. Ellegren H, Chandhary B P, Johansson M et al. A primary linkage map of the porcine genome reveals a low rate of genetic recombination. Genetics, 1994,137:1089～1100
33．徐宏发，王静波．分子系统学研究进展[J]．生态学杂志，2001，20(3)：41—46
34．樊斌．微卫星标记检测遗传多样性的原理和方法[C]．第十次全国
动物遗传育种学术研讨会论文集．1999，32～36．
35．张细权，吕雪梅，杨玉华等．用微卫星多态性和RAPD分析广东地方鸡种的群体遗传变异．遗传学报，1998，25(2)：112—119
36．陈国宏．中国部分地方鸡种血浆酯酶多态性研究．第六次全国畜禽遗传标记研讨会论文集．1998．
37. Brien S J, Menotti-Raymond M, Murphy W J, et al. The promise of comparative genomics in mammals[J]. Science, 1999,286(5439):458～462;479～481.
38. Copeland N G, Jenkins N A, Glbert D J, et al. A genetic linkage map of the mouse: current applications and future prospects[J]. Science, 1993,262(5130):57～66.
39. Tautz, D., M. Renz. Simple sequences are ubiquitions repetitive components of eukaryote genomes. Nucleic Acids. Res.,1984,17:6643～6471
40. Bowcock A M. Ruiz-Linares A. Tomforhrde J. Minch E, Kidd J. R, Gavalii-sforza L. L. High resolution of human an evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellite. Nature. 1994, 368:455-457
41. Ellegren H, Johansson M, Sandberg K et al. Cloning of highly polymorphic microsatellites in the horse. Anim Gene, 1992,23:133～142.
42. Moore S. S, Sargeant L.L, King T.J. et al. The conservation of dinucleiotide microsatellites among mammalian genomes allows the use of heterologous PCR primer pairs in closely.related species[J]. Genomics, 1991,10:654～670
43. Jesper Brohede, Craig R, Hans Ellegren et al. Heterogeneity in the rate and pattern of germline mutation at individual microsatellite loci. Nucleic Acids Res., 2002,30(9):1997～2003
44. Andrew J. G. simpson, Sergio D.J. Pena et al. Microsatellite instability as a tool for the classification of gastric cancer. Trends in Molecular Medicine.[J]2001,7(2):76～80
45. M. J. Hayden. E J. Sharp. Sequence-tagged microsatellite profiling(STMP): a rapid technique for developing SSR markers. Nucleic Acids Res., 2001,29(8):43～51
46. Fisher P.J., Gardner R.C., Richardson T. E. Single locus microsatellites isolated using 5' anchored PCR. Nucleic Acids Res.,1996,24:4369～4371.
47. Yoshihiko Maehara, Shinya Oda, Keizo Sugimachi. The instability within: problems in current analyses of microsatellite instability. Mutation Research 2001 (461):249～263
48. T. Bocker, J. Diermann, W. Friedl, J. Gebert, E.Holinski-Feder, J, et al.,
Microsatellite instability analysis: a multicenter study for reliability and quality control, Cancer Res, 1997(57):4739～4743
49. M.J. Brownstein, J.D. Carpten, J. R. Smith, Modulation of non-templated nucleotide addition by Taq DNA polymerase: primer modifications that facilitate genotyping, Biotechniques. 1996(20): 1004～1006
50. Dietz A B, Womack J E, Swarbrick P A, et al. Assignment of five polymorphic microsatellites to bovine syntenic groups[J]. Animal Genet, 1993, 24:433～436
51．龚炎长．猪微卫星DNA的克隆、特性分析及应用研究．中国农业大学博士学位论文，北京，1997
52．吕学斌，陈晓晖，应三成等．四个猪种微卫星DNA多态性检测及杂种优势预测．四川大学学报，2000，10(37)：135—138
53．唐伯平，周开亚，宋大祥等．分子系统学的发展及其现状．生物学通报，1999，34(5)：10—12
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